内质网应激在芹菜素诱导胃癌细胞凋亡中的作用

目的:探讨内质网应激在芹菜素诱导人胃癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡中的作用。方法:采用Western blot方法检测不同剂最(0、20、40、60、80μmol/L)芹菜素作用48 h和60μmol/L芹菜素作用不同时间(0、12、24、48 h)后对胃癌SGC-7901细胞中内质网应激标志物葡萄糖调节蛋白(glucose regulative protein,GRP)GRP78、GRP94和内质网应激凋亡途径关键因子C/EBP同源蛋白(C/EBP-homologousprotein,CHOP)表达的影响;并用DAPI荧光染色和流式细胞仪检测10 mmol/L内质网应激抑制剂4-苯丁酸(4-phenylbutyrie acid,PBA)加入前后细胞凋亡情况的变化。结果:芹菜素可以诱导GRP78、GRP94蛋白的表达,并随着剂量和时间的增加蛋白表达量也呈增加趋势,但芹菜素不能诱导CHOP蛋白的表达;荧光染色和流式细胞术结果显示4-PBA与20μmol/L芹菜素联合作用组的细胞凋亡率明显增加,与20μmol/L芹菜素组及溶剂对照组间的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:内质网应激在芹菜素诱导人胃癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡中可能对细胞起到保护作用。     

芹菜素诱导胃癌SGC-7901细胞自噬及其对凋亡 的影响

目的：探讨芹菜素（API）是否诱导胃癌SGC-7901细胞发生自噬及其对细胞凋亡的影响。方法：采用不同浓度（0、20、40、60、80 μmol/L）的API处理胃癌SGC-7901细胞24 h,MTT法检测API对细胞生长的抑制情况。分别采用不同浓度（0、20、40、60、80 μmol/L）API处理细胞24 h,及60 μmol/L的API处理不同时间（0、12、24、36、48 h）,Western blot检测自噬标志蛋白微管相关蛋白l轻链3（LC3）、Beclin-1和磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶（PI3K）/Akt/mTOR信号通路中关键分子p-Akt、p-mTOR的表达;电子显微镜下观察细胞自噬情况。细胞经自噬抑制剂氯喹（CQ）或3-甲基腺苷（3-MA）预处理后再加入API,Western blot检测聚二磷酸腺苷-核糖体聚合酶（PARP）的表达;流式细胞术流检测细胞凋亡率。结果：API对胃癌SGC-7901细胞生长具有明显抑制作用并呈剂量-效应关系。随着API浓度和作用时间的增加,SGC-7901细胞LC3Ⅱ与Beclin-1蛋白表达均增加,各剂量组与对照组相比较差异均具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;API处理后的细胞逐渐出现自噬囊泡和自噬溶酶体;p-Akt、p-mTOR蛋白表达降低。采用自噬抑制剂抑制细胞自噬后,除API组LC3Ⅱ与Beclin-1蛋白表达明显高于对照组外（P < 0.05）,各组蛋白表达无显著差异。API+CQ组和API+3-MA组的PARP蛋白剪切片段表达及凋亡率均高于对照组和API组（P < 0.05）。结论：API可以诱导胃癌SGC-7901细胞发生自噬,其机制可能与抑制PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路关键分子p-Akt、p-mTOR活性有关;抑制API诱导的自噬能够增强API的凋亡诱导效应,从而增强对胃癌SGC-7901细胞的杀伤作用。     

维生素E琥珀酸酯通过内质网应激诱导胃癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡的研究

目的:探讨内质网应激在维生素E琥珀酸酯(vitamin E succinate,VES)诱导人胃癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡过程中的作用。方法:分别采用Western blotting和RT-PCR检测VES不同剂量(0、5、10和20μg/ml)处理SGC-7901细胞24 h和20μg/ml VES处理SGC-7901细胞不同时间对内质网应激标志物葡萄糖调节蛋白(glucose regulative protein,GRP)GRP78、GRP94和内质网应激凋亡途径关键因子C/EBP同源蛋白(C/EBP-homologous protein,CHOP)的蛋白和mRNA表达的影响;进一步采用RNA瞬时干扰阻断CHOP的表达后用20μg/ml VES作用SGC-7901细胞24 h,采用DAPI染色法观察细胞凋亡的改变。结果:20μg/ml VES组在mRNA水平卜均诱导GRP78、GRP94和CHOP的表达增加;在蛋白水平上20μg/ml VES显著增加GRP78和CHOP的表达,GRP94表达先降低,而后又升高;阻断CHOP后VES诱导的细胞凋亡由46.3%降低为27.9%(P0.05)。结论:内质网应激可能参与了VES诱导的SGC-7901细胞凋亡。     

Vitamin E succinate-induced apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress

目的:探讨内质网应激在维生素E琥珀酸酯(vitamin E succinate,VES)诱导人胃癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡过程中的作用.方法:分别采用Western blotting和RT-PCR检测VES不同剂量(0、5、10和20μg/ml)处理SGC-7901细胞24 h和20 μ g/ml VES处理SGC-7901细胞不同时间对内质网应激标志物葡萄糖调节蛋白(glucose regulative protein,GRP)G RP78、GRP94和内质网应激凋亡途径关键因子C/EBP同源蛋白(C/EBP-homologous protein,CHOP)的蛋白和mRNA表达的影响;进一步采用RNA瞬时干扰阻断CHOP的表达后用20 μg/ml VES作用SGC-7901细胞24h,采用DAPI染色法观察细胞凋亡的改变.结果:20μg/ml VES组在mRNA水平上均诱导GRP78、GRP94和CHOP的表达增加;在蛋白水平上20 μg/ml VES显著增加GRP78和CHOP的表达,GRP94表达先降低,而后又升高;阻断CHOP后VES诱导的细胞凋亡由46.3％降低为27.9％ (P＜0.05).结论:内质网应激可能参与了VES诱导的SGC-7901细胞凋亡.     

维生素E琥珀酸酯诱导内质网应激激活JNK的表达对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞自噬的影响

目的:研究c-Jun氨基末端激酶(c-Jun N-terminal kinase,JNK)在维生素E琥珀酸酯(vitamin E succinate,VES)激活内质网应激诱导人胃癌SGC-7901细胞自噬过程中发挥的作用.方法:用不同剂量VES(5、10、15、20μg/ml)分别处理SGC-7901细胞24 h,采...     

pseudo-G-Rh2 induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in SGC-7901 human gastric cancer cells

This study was designed to investigate the effect of pseudo-G-Rh2, a novel metabolite of ginsenoside Rh2, on the apoptosis of SGC-7901 human gastric cancer cells. Pseudo-G-Rh2 demonstrated antitumor activity and significantly inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. After treatment with pseudo-G-Rh2, SGC-7901 cells showed typical apoptotic morphological features, such as chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. Pseudo-G-Rh2 could induce mitochondrial membrane potential loss, which led to the release of cytochrome c (Cyt?c), Smac/Diablo and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) to the cell cytoplasm. Furthermore, pseudo-G-Rh2 exposure not only decreased the expression of the Bcl-2 protein but also increased the expression of the Bax protein and the activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in SGC-7901 cells. These results demonstrated that pseudo-G-Rh2 inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells by initiating apoptosis. Pseudo-G-Rh2-induced apoptosis was associated with a drop in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, down-regulation of Bcl-2, up-regulation of Bax and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3.     

Recombinant Lz-8 from Ganoderma lucidum induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagic cell death in SGC-7901 human gastric cancer cells

In Asia, the mushroom of the fungus Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used as a traditional medicine for the past two millennia. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer activity of recombinant Lz-8 (rLz-8), a protein belonging to a family of fungal immunomodulatory proteins. We report that rLz-8 induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated autophagic cell death in the human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901. Our results show that rLz-8 induces autophagic cell death by aggregating in the ER, triggering ER stress and the ATF4-CHOP pathway. A foreign protein, in the ER rLz-8 causes the activation of the ubiquitine/proteasome ER-associated degradation (ERAD) system. The autophagic arm of this system is then overstimulated by an excessive abundance of rLz-8 and causes the cell's death through an over-autophagic response. We also found that caspase inhibitors do not prevent rLz-8-induced cell death, and therefore the autophagic response induced by rLz-8 is independent of caspase activation.     

酸性神经磷脂酶在维生素E琥珀酸酯诱导胃癌细胞凋亡过程中对内质网应激的影响

目的： 探讨酸性神经磷脂酶 (acid sphingomyelinase,ASMase)在维生素E琥珀酸酯 (vitamin E succinate,VES)诱导胃癌细胞凋亡过程中对内质网应激的影响。方法：常规体外培养人低分化胃癌SGC-7901细胞,将细胞分为ASMase抑制剂地昔帕明 (desipramine,DES)处理组 (12.5 μmol/L DES作用2 h),对照组 (含2％胎牛血清的RPMI-1640培养液),VES+DES组 (用12.5 μmol/L DES抑制ASMase活性2 h后加20 μg/mL VES)以及VES处理组 (20 μg/mL)。以ASMase活性试剂盒检测0、1.5、3、6 h时VES+DES组及VES处理组细胞中ASMase活性。MTT法分别检测12、24和48 h时各组细胞的增殖情况。再在处理细胞24 h后,采用倒置显微镜观察各组细胞形态;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;Western blot法检测细胞中内质网应激相关蛋白GRP78、GRP94、Perk、p-Perk、Chop和Caspase-4的表达。结果：VES (20 μg/mL)处理能够诱导细胞中ASMase活性增加,在3 h时细胞中ASMase活性达到最高,随后逐渐降低;VES+DES组细胞中ASMase活性始终维持在较低的水平。与对照组相比,DES组在各项检测中均无明显变化,而VES组与VES+DES组在处理细胞12、24与48 h后,细胞的增殖受到明显抑制 (P均<0.05),并呈时间-效应趋势,且VES+DES组细胞不同时间点的相对增殖率均明显高于VES组 (P均<0.05);细胞形态学显示20 μg/mL VES处理细胞后,镜下死细胞明显增多,而VES+DES组死亡细胞数量较VES组减少;流式细胞术检测凋亡率显示VES处理组为 39.21%±1.90%,明显高于空白对照组(3.91%±1.68%)与DES组(4.07%±1.39%) (P均<0.05),VES+DES组 (19.47%±4.46%)较VES组明显降低 (P<0.05);Western blot结果显示VES+DES组细胞中内质网应激相关蛋白GRP78、GRP94、p-Perk、Chop以及c-Caspase-4表达水平较单纯VES处理组降低 (P均<0.05)。结论：ASMase参与VES通过内质网应激诱导人胃癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡的过程,起促进凋亡的作用。     

淬灭胃癌SGC-7901细胞内活性氧对维生素E琥珀酸脂诱导内质网应激的影响

目的：探讨淬灭胃癌SGC-7901细胞内活性氧（ROS）对维生素E琥珀酸脂（VES）诱导内质网应激的影响。方法：将不同浓度（1、5、10和20 mmol/L）N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）作用胃癌SGC-7901细胞2 h,再加入20 μg/mL VES处理12 h,经2,7-二氢二氯荧光黄双乙酸钠（DCFH-DA）染色后,采用激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞内ROS水平。另将20 mmol/L NAC作用SGC-7901细胞2 h,再加入20 μg/mL VES处理细胞12 h,经DCFH-DA染色后,流式细胞术进一步检测细胞内ROS水平。将20 mmol/L NAC作用SGC-7901细胞2 h,再加入20 μg/mL VES分别处理15和24 h后,分别采用逆转录PCR（RT-PCR）和Western blotting法检测内质网应激相关分子葡萄糖调节蛋白GRP78和CHOP mRNA及蛋白的表达。结果：与单纯VES处理组相比,20 mmol/L NAC预处理组胃癌细胞内ROS下降最为明显（P < 0.05）。与对照组相比,20 μg/mL VES能够诱导胃癌细胞内GRP78和CHOP mRNA及蛋白的表达明显增加（P < 0.05）;而与单纯20 μg/mL VES处理组相比,20 mmol/L NAC对VES诱导GRP78和CHOP mRNA及蛋白表达具有显著的抑制作用（P < 0.05）。结论：在体外,淬灭胃癌细胞内ROS能够抑制VES诱导的内质网应激反应。     

小檗胺通过内质网应激通路诱导胃癌细胞A GS凋亡

目的:研究小檗胺对人胃癌细胞AGS增殖和凋亡的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制.方法:应用3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐(MTT)法测定细胞活力;膜联蛋白V/碘化丙啶(An-nexin V/PI)细胞凋亡法测定细胞凋亡;Western blot法测定Bcl-2、Bax、chop、GRP78和cle...     

维生素E琥珀酸酯诱导人胃癌细胞发生未折叠蛋白反应的研究

目的：探讨维生素E琥珀酸酯（VES）对人胃癌细胞未折叠蛋白反应的影响。方法：采用Western blot法分析VES不同剂量（0、5、10和20 μg/mL）处理人胃癌SGC-7901细胞24 h和20 μg/mL VES处理SGC-7901细胞不同时间（0、6、12、18和24 h）对内质网膜上的跨膜蛋白PKR样内质网蛋白激酶（PERK）磷酸化和活化转录因子6（ATF6）活化的影响;采用RT-PCR法检测VES不同剂量（0、5、10和20 μg/mL）处理SGC-7901细胞24 h和20 μg/mL VES处理SGC-7901细胞不同时间（0、3、6、9、12、15、18和24 h）对活化转录因子4（ATF4）mRNA表达和X盒结合蛋白1（XBP1）mRNA剪切的影响。结果：在翻译水平上VES对磷酸化PERK的诱导作用具有时间依赖关系,与阴性对照组比较,10 μg/mL VES的诱导作用最强（P < 0.05）;在翻译水平上VES对ATF6活化片段的诱导作用具有时间依赖关系和剂量依赖关系;在转录水平上,随着作用时间的延长,VES对ATF4 mRNA的诱导作用也不断增强,18 h达到高峰,而XBP1 mRNA从VES作用6 h即开始出现剪切。结论：VES诱导人胃癌SGC-7901细胞发生内质网应激过程中,未折叠蛋白反应相关信号分子被活化。     

二十二碳六烯酸增加人胃癌细胞SGC-7901对多柔比星的敏感性

目的:本研究旨在探讨二十二碳六烯酸[docosahexaenoic acid (DHA),22:6 ω-3]逆转由多柔比星( adriamycin,ADR)引起的胃癌SGC-7901细胞的耐药性.方法:体外常规培养人低分化胃腺癌细胞SGC-7901,分别以DHA、ADR单药和DHA+ADR联合作用于细胞24 h后,采用MTT法检测各组细胞的增殖情况;倒置光学显微镜下观察细胞的形态;FCM法检测细胞的凋亡率;激光共聚焦显微镜以及高效液相色谱法检测细胞中ADR的蓄积情况;RT-PCR及蛋白质印迹法检测细胞中多药耐药蛋白(multidrug resistanceprotein,MDR) P-糖蛋白p-170的表达情况.结果:DHA与ADR联合作用于胃癌SGC-7901细胞后,DHA能够增加ADR对细胞的生长抑制作用;细胞形态观察发现死细胞明显增多;细胞凋亡率显著增加;细胞中的ADR蓄积量约增加2.1倍;细胞中p-170 mRNA以及蛋白表达降低(P均＜0.05).结论:DHA能够增加胃癌细胞SGC-7901对ADR的敏感性,放大ADR的肿瘤杀伤作用.     

放射诱导胃癌细胞的凋亡及其相关基因的研究

目的观察放射诱导人胃癌细胞株SGC-7901凋亡的作用，并进一步研究bcl-2基因及家族、bax基因、p53基因在此过程中的作用。方法用不同剂量的9 MeV β线照射SGC-7901细胞，观察细胞在受照后的不同时间生长情况。电子透射电镜下观察细胞形态变化。琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA条带变化。流式细胞仪检测受照前后细胞周期及凋亡率的变化。免疫细胞化学法检测受照前后bcl-2、bax、p53基因的表达水平。结果单次剂量照射后，SGC-7901细胞凋亡率与时间、剂量有相关性。在放射诱导SGC-7901细胞凋亡的过程中，bcl-2基因表达水平下降，bax基因表达水平升高，而p53基因表达水平无变化。结论放射能够诱导胃癌细胞株SGC-7901凋亡，凋亡率在72h达高峰。bcl-2及bax基因参与了放射诱导凋亡的调控。细胞凋亡主要是通过p53基因非依赖途径。     

Ras inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress in human cancer cells with amplified Myc

In neuroblastoma LAN‐1 cells harboring an amplified MycN gene, disruption of cooperation between Ras and MycN proteins by the Ras inhibitor farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS, Salirasib) reportedly arrests cell growth. Our aim was to establish whether this is a general phenomenon. We examined the effects of FTS on gene‐expression profiles, growth and death of NCIH929 myeloma cells and K562 leukemia cells, which—like LAN‐1 cells—exhibit Myc gene amplification and harbor active Ras. Under specified conditions, FTS reduced Ras and Myc and induced cell growth arrest and death in all Myc‐amplified cell lines but not in SHEP, a neuroblastoma cell line without Myc gene amplification. Gene‐expression analysis revealed a common pattern of FTS‐induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), in Myc‐amplified cells, but not in SHEP. Thus, Ras negatively regulates ER stress in cells with amplified Myc. ER stress was also inducible by dominant‐negative (DN)‐Ras or shRNA to Ras isoforms, all of which induced an increase in BIP (the master regulator of ER stress) and its downstream targets Nrf2 and eIF2α, both regulated by active p‐PERK. FTS also induced an increase in p‐PERK, while small interfering RNA to PERK reduced Nrf2 and ATF4 and rescued cells from FTS‐induced death. BIP and its downstream targets were also increased by inhibitors of MAPK p38 and MEK. Ras, acting through MAPK p38 and MEK, negatively regulates the ER stress cascades BIP/PERK/Nrf2 and eIF2α/ATF4/ATF3. These findings can explain the Ras‐dependent protection of Myc‐amplified cells from ER stress‐associated death.     

AdHu5-apoptin induces G2/M arrest and apoptosis in p53-mutated human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells

The use of anticancer therapeutic agents is limited largely by their severe toxicity to normal tissues. The development of novel agents with tumor-specific cell-killing and effective gene delivery properties is thus very desirable. We used human adenovirus serotype 5 (AdHu5) as a vehicle to deliver the apoptin gene to specifically target gastric cancer in a recombinant gene delivery approach. AdHu5-apoptin is a safe and efficacious agent for the treatment of gastric cancer (GC). Our results show that apoptin protein encoded by the apoptin gene delivered via AdHu5 significantly inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 GC cells. Apoptin reduced the clone number by more than 75 % and resulted in cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase for 48 % of the GC cells. It also induced cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-7, and caspase-9 in the GC cells. Intratumoral and peritumoral in vivo injection of AdHu5-apoptin significantly suppressed tumor growth and induced apoptosis in xenogeneic tumors in mice. The apoptosis induced by AdHu5-apoptin was independent of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins and the p53 pathway. Taken together, our results show that AdHu5-apoptin has great potential as a therapeutic agent for effective treatment of gastric tumors.