Etiological Study on Cystitis Glandularis Caused by Bacterial Infection

To study the relationship between bacterial infection and the etiology of cystitis glandularis, 36 female Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups. No intervention was given to the rats in the blank group. NS was infused into the bladder of the rats of the control group, and solution containing E. coil was injected into the bladder of experimental group. Three months later, tissue samples of bladder were collected and observed visually and under light microscope. The results showed that tissues of the blank group were normal＇, one sample in the control group showed Brunn＇s nests and cystitis cystica, and 10 in the experimental group had the change of cystitis glandularis. Compared to the blank and control group, samples in the experimental group showed significant change （P〈0.05）. There were no significant difference between blank group and control group （P〉0.05）. It is concluded that bladder instillation of E. coil can induce cystitis glandularis, which confirms that infection is the cause of cystitis glandularis.     

Rapid detection of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae in Clinical Samples by the Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect mycoplasma pneumoniae in clinical samples     

Susceptibility of Mixed Infection of Ureaplasma Urealyticum and Mycoplasma Hominis to Seven Antimicrobial Agents and Comparison with that of Ureaplasma Urealyticum Infection

Summary:In order to investigate the susceptibility of mixed infection of Ureaplasma Urealyticum(UU)and Mycoplasma Hominis(MH)to 7 kinds of antimicrobial agents and comparison with thatof UU infection in NGU patients,the in vitro susceptibility was determined by using microdilutionmethod.The positive results were analyzed.The results showed that the sequence of susceptibility to7 kinds of antimicrobial agents for both UU infection group and UU-MH mixed infection group wasalmost the same from the highest susceptibility to the lowest accordingly:Josamycin,Doxycycline,Minocycline,Sparfloxacin,Roxithromycin,Ofloxacin and Azithromycin.The total drug resistancerate for UU-MH mixed infection group(97.67％)was significantly higher than that for UU infec-tion group(44.67％,P<0.01).The highest drug resistance rate in UU group and UU-MH mixedinfection group was 31.33％(Ofloxacin)and 90.48％(Azithromycin)respectively.UU-MHmixed infection showed an increased drug resistance and changes of drug resistance spectrum.     

The Effect of Vitamin A on Secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 in A549 Cells Induced by Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

In order to investigate the effect of vitamin A (VA) on the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 in Mycoplasma Pneumoniae (MP)-induced A549 cells, A549 cells were co-cultured with MP for different time lengths and then the levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in the cell culture supernatants were detected before and after treatment with different concentrations of VA by using the enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay ( ELISA). The results showed that the level of IFN-γ and IL-4 in the supernatants of MP-induced A549 cells was much higher than that in non-induced cells (P<0.01). After application of VA, IL-4 level was not increased until the concentration of VA was up to 0.5×10-5 mol/L (P<0.01). However, with concentration of VA increased up to 1×10-4 mol/L, IL-4 was significantly suppressed (P<0.01). It was concluded that MP could induce the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 in A549 cells. VA could inhibit the secretion of IFN-γ and increase the IL-4 level in MP-induced A549 cells. However, high concentration of VA had an inhibitory effect on the secretion of IL-4 as well as on the IFN-γ. These data provided a theoretical basis for the application of VA in MP pneumonia in the clinical practice.     

Measurement of Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide(D_LCO)in Application to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

The pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide(D_LCO)was measuredin 50 normal subjects,50 patients with emphysema and 31 with asthma.The results sh-owed that the D_LCO value of the asthma group was markedly higher than that of thehealthy group,while the D_LCO/pr% and KCO values of the asthma group were similarto those of the healthy group.The values of D_LCO,D_LCO/pr% and KCO in the emphy-sema group were very significantly lower than those in the asthma and healthy groups.Our study suggests that the measurement of D_LCO is onc of the useful pulmonary func-tion tests in differentiation of emphysema from asthma.The mechanism ofdiffcrcnt D_LCOvalues between emphysema and asthma is discussed.The D_LCO values in patients withmild to severe emphysema gradually decreased with the severity of emphysema.The KCOvalues between the mild emphysema and healthy groups were dramatically different.Thisis helpful in the early diagnosis of emphysma as combined with other clinical data.     

Changes of Protein Kinase Cα and Cyclin D1 Expressions in Pulmonary Arteries from Smokers with and without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of protein kinase Ca （PKCα） and cyclin D1 expressions in pulmonary arteries from＇smokers with normal lung function and smokers with mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. The peripheral lung tissues were obtained from 10 non-smokers with normal lung function （non-smoker group）, 14 smokers with normal lung function （smoker group）, 11 smokers with mild to moderate COPD （COPD group）. The morphological changes of pulmonary arteries were observed by HE-staining. The expressions of ct-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）, proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA）, PKCα and cyclin D1 proteins in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells （PASMCs） were immunohistochemically determined. The percentages of PCNA-positive cells were taken as the smooth muscle cells proliferation index （PI）. The mRNA expressions of PKCα and cyclin D l in PASMCs were evaluated by real-time fluorescence PCR. Morphometrical analysis showed that the ratio of pulmonary artery wall area to total area （WA%） in smoker group and COPD group was significantly greater than that in non-smoker group （P〈0.01）. The PASMCs proliferation index in smoker group and COPD group was significantly higher than that in nonsmoker group （P〈0.01）. The protein levels of PKCct and cyclin D1 inPASMCs were significantly increased in smoker group and COPD group as compared with non-smoker group （P〈0.01）. The mRNA expressions of PKCα and cyclin D1 in PASMCs were significantly elevated in smoker group and COPD group as compared with non-smoker group （P〈0.01）. Significant correlations were found between PKCα protein and WA% or PI （P〈0.01）. Correlations between cyclin D1 protein and WA% or PI also existed （P〈0.01）. The expression of PKCa was positively correlated with the expression of cyclin D 1 at both protein and mRNA levels （P〈0.01）. In conclusion, increased expressions of PKCα and cyclin D1 might be involved in the pathogenesis of abnormal proliferation of PASMCs in smokers with normal lung function and smokers with mild to moderate COPD.     

Gut Flora Disorder and Multiple Organ Injuries Caused by High Energy Wounds

ＧｕｔＦｌｏｒａＤｉｓｏｒｄｅｒａｎｄＭｕｌｔｉｐｌｅＯｒｇａｎＩｎｊｕｒｉｅｓＣａｕｓｅｄｂｙＨｉｇｈＥｎｅｒｇｙＷｏｕｎｄｓＦｕＸｉａｏｂｉｎｇ（付小兵），ＷａｎｇＹａｐｉｎｇ（王亚平），ＹａｏＹｏｎｇｍｉｎｇ（姚咏明）ａｎｄＴｉａｎＨｕｉｍｉｎ...     

Pathogenic Mechanisms of Male Infertility Caused by Ureaplasma Urealyticum Infection——The Effect on Sperm Penetrating Capability

The effect of different U. urealyticum serovars on human sperm penetrating capabititty using zona-free hamster egg penetration assay was observed in this study.Two serovars of U. urealyticum(serotype 9 and 12) were incubated with hunran apermatozoa collected from normal fertile men at the concentration of 20-40 CCU/spermatozoon. It has been shown that fuzzy appearance was noticed at the tail part of infected spermatozoa,sperm viability and motility were declined dramatically after     

呼吸道感染患儿肺炎支原体和衣原体感染状况研究

目的　探讨儿童呼吸道感染者肺炎支原体 (Mp)、肺炎衣原体 (Cp)的感染情况。方法　Mp检测采用培养法 ,Cp检测采用直接免疫荧光法 ,对 2 0 8例呼吸道感染患儿进行了检测 ,并以同期体检的 35例正常儿童作为对照。从感染率、感染年龄、感染部位进行了分析。结果　观察组总感染率、Mp、Cp单项感染率均显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;>3岁组Mp、Mp +Cp及总感染显著高于≤ 3岁组 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ,Cp感染率和各病原感染部位两组均无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　儿童呼吸道感染者有相当高的Mp和Cp感染率 ,Mp感染和Mp +Cp混合感染以 >3岁儿童为主 ,值得临床医师重视。     

小儿肺炎支原体和衣原体呼吸道感染状况分析

目的探讨小儿呼吸道感染中肺炎支原体(MP)和肺炎衣原体(CP)感染状况。方法采用酶联免疫吸附方法试验,对39例呼吸道感染患儿检测肺炎支原体和肺炎衣原体IgM抗体。从感染性别、年龄、季节、感染部位进行分析。结果肺炎支原体和衣原体感染,男性高于女性,而支原体和衣原体混合感染,女性高于男性。肺炎支原体和衣原体感染及支原体和衣原体混合感染,≤3岁组高于>3岁组。肺炎支原体和衣原体及支原体和衣原体混合感染夏秋季高于冬春季。肺炎支原体感染以支气管炎、肺炎为主,衣原体感染以支气管炎为主,支原体和衣原体混合感染以肺炎为主。结论小儿呼吸道肺炎支原体和衣原体感染,男性高于女性,以≤3岁婴幼儿为主,以夏秋季感染为主,以下呼吸道支气管炎、肺炎感染为主。     

儿童肺炎支原体肺炎的常规肺功能变化及临床意义

目的：观察儿童肺炎支原体肺炎（mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia,MPP）的常规肺功能动态改变特点,并探讨其临床意义。方法：采用JEAGER公司生产的Master Screen Paed肺功能仪,检测分析58例MPP患儿的急性期、恢复期的常规肺功能和41例门诊健康体检儿童的常规肺功能,并加以比较。结果：①58例MPP患儿急性期的常规肺功能结果报告显示,20例（占34.48%）肺功能正常,余38例（占65.52%）均有不同程度肺功能损害,表现为小气道通气功能障碍31例（占53.45%）、限制性通气障碍1例（占1.72%）、阻塞性通气障碍1例（占1.72%）和混合性通气障碍5例（占8.62%）。恢复期常规肺功能结果报告显示,小气道通气功能障碍6例（占10.34%）,其余肺功能均恢复正常（占89.66%）。②将58例MPP患儿的急性组、恢复组和41例正常组比较,急性组的各项常规肺功能指标如FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、PEF、FEF25、FEF50、FEF75、FEF25-75,与恢复组、正常组比差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。恢复组与正常组比较,除FEF75、FEF25-75仍低于正常组（P〈0.05）外,其余指标差异无统计学意义。结论：MPP患儿急性期大小气道通气功能均有损害,除FEF75、FEF25-75两项小气道通气功能指标仍显著低于正常组外,其余指标均恢复正常。我们认为动态观察MPP患儿肺功能的变化,对了解MPP患儿肺功能的损害程度、疗效、预后有一定意义。     

肺炎支原体肺部感染后肺小动脉的改变及对肺动脉压和右心室的影响

以同月龄大鼠作肺炎支原体反复肺部感染的实验性研究，应用光镜结合全自动图像分析仪及形态学测量技术观察肺小动脉的构形改变，同时测量肺动脉压及右心室肥大指数的变化情况，结果发现，肺小动脉肌化增强，并延伸至无肌细小动脉，肺泡间隔内动脉数减少，肺小动脉中膜增厚、管腔狭窄，肺动脉压力增高，右心室肥大等。提示反复肺炎支原体肺部感染对肺动脉高压的形成和肺心病的发生发展可能起一定的作用。     

The Expression of PDGF-B Chain mRNA in Lung Tissue from Rats Repeatedly Infected with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

In order to investigate the role played by platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in the pathogenesis of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis in rats repeatedly infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), a rat MP infection model was developed by infecting rats with MP for 9 times during a period of 24 weeks with a technique of ultrasonic nebulizing inhalation. Then in situ hybridization was performed with PDGF-B chain cDNA probe and the results were quantitatively analyzed to measure the changes in PDGF-B chain mRNA expression in the lung tissue. The results showed that: (1) MP polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests showed positive results in the bronchoalveotar lavage fluid (BALF) from all of the MP-infected rats (n=4) while they were all negative in BALF from the control animals (n=4, P<0.05) and in BALF from those rats both infected with MP and, at the same time, treated with erythromycin (n=4, P<0.05). Bacterial cultures of the bronchial and lung tissue were negative in all three groups. The observatio     

肺炎支原体咽拭子快速培养在儿童支原体感染诊断的应用

目的探讨肺炎支原体咽拭子快速培养在儿童支原体感染诊断中的应用。方法对2009年10月至2010年9月重庆医科大学大公馆医院住院部及门诊就诊的疑诊MP感染患儿采用咽拭子快速培养方法检测MP。结果检测患儿578例,阳性数为197例,阳性率为34.08%。MP感染全年均可发生;其中,≤1岁、>1～3岁、>3～6岁及>6～13岁年龄组患儿的MP阳性检出率分别为22.83%、39.51%、39.47%和22.92%;阳性率与性别无关。结论 MP快速培养对儿童MP感染的诊断具有重要的临床价值。     

肺炎支原体感梁诱发儿童哮喘的治疗分析

目的 :探讨肺炎支原体感染诱发儿童哮喘的治疗。方法 :对 12 0例肺炎支原体感染诱发的儿童哮喘随机分 2组 ,治疗组 6 0例应用红霉素、糖皮质激素、β2 受体兴奋剂治疗 ;对照组 6 0例应用糖皮质激素、β2 受体兴奋剂治疗 ,比较两组疗效及哮喘复发率。结果 :两组近期疗效相同 ,复发率治疗组为 16 .7% ,对照组为 10 0 % ,两组比较 χ2 =12 0 ,P <0 .0 1。结论 :应用红霉素控制或消除肺炎支原体感染是治疗的关键 ,不一定长期应用糖皮质激素及平喘药治疗。     

儿童肺炎支原体感染与大叶性肺炎临床相关性分析

目的探讨儿童肺炎支原体感染与大叶性肺炎的临床相关性。方法收集确诊为大叶性肺炎的患儿219例,其中肺炎支原体抗体检测阳性者117例,对其临床资料进行总结,对大叶性肺炎患儿的临床症状、体征、实验室检查、治疗及预后的基本情况进行分析。结果肺炎支原体感染引起大叶性肺炎发生率较高,表现多样。肺炎支原体抗体检测阳性与阴性者在临床表现、实验室检查、治疗及预后方面无明显差异。血沉增快、CRP增高提示存在支原体感染可能,但差异无明显统计学意义。结论大叶性肺炎临床表现在肺炎支原体抗体阳性与阴性者中无明显差异,其治疗方面倾向于大环内酯类药物。     

小儿肺炎支原体感染临床表现与年龄、性别的相关分析

目的探讨不同年龄阶段和性别小儿肺炎支原体感染的临床特点。方法回顾性分析120例MP感染病例的临床表现及与年龄、性别之间的关系。结果MP感染婴幼儿多见,肺炎比例高,引起肺外症状常见。病程、咳嗽持续时间、MP-IgM抗体滴度、患病类型和罗音消失时间在婴幼儿、学龄前和学龄期间的差异有显著性(P<0.05),WBC计数、伴随肺外症状在男女性别间的差异有显著性(P<0.05),并存在类似的相关关系。结论MP感染以婴幼儿为多,肺炎比例高,伴随肺外症状常见,年龄增长在小儿肺炎支原体感染的治疗康复过程中是一个保护性因素,性别对WBC计数、伴随肺外症状的有影响。     

肺炎支原体感染肺外表现64例临床分析

目的 探讨小儿肺炎支原体(MP)感染肿外表现的临床特点及治疗。方法对64例MP感染肺外表现患儿进行临床分析。结果64例MP感染患儿肺外表现主要为神经系统、消化系统损害,分别占25％、50％,心血管系统累及较少,只占125％,累及神经系统者病情严重,占住院MP感染患者的6．3％;应用大环内酯类抗生素治疗有效。结论小儿MP的肺外感染发生率很高,累及神经系统者病情严重,临床上应开展新的检查方法,提高对本病的认识,降低误诊率。