IGF-I及IGFBP-3对生长激素缺乏症患儿诊断及疗效判断的价值

为了探求一次性抽血确诊生长激素缺乏症 (GHD)的方法和寻找一个检测GH治疗效果的可靠而敏感的生化指标 ,分别用RIA法和IRMA法检测25例GHD患儿血清胰岛素样生长因子 -I(IGF -I)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白 -3(IGFBP -3) ,同时进行生长激素 (GH)刺激试验 ;将GHD患儿分为2组 ,完全性缺乏组 (cGHD)及部分缺乏组 (pGHD) ,将2组血清IGF -I、IGFBP -3与年龄、性别配对的正常儿童 (C组 )均值对照 ,并对照不同年龄及不同发育期的50例正常儿童参考范围 ,计算GHD患儿血清IGF -I、IGFBP -3的降低率 ;将IGF -I与GH峰值做相关性分析。用rhGH治疗GHD3个月后将IGF -I增高值 (△IGF -I)与治疗后每年生长速度 (GV)做相关性分析。结果显示 ,GHD组血清IGF -I、IGFBP -3均显著低于正常对照组 ,两组无重叠 ,cGHD组与pGHD组比较 ,两者差异显著 ;IGF -I及IGFBP -3在GHD组及C组均呈显著正相关 ;GHD组血清IGF -I与GH峰值呈显著正相关 (r=0.85,P<0.001) ,回归方程 :y=0.1613 +0.0235x ,由此可根据血清IGF -I测定值求出GH峰值 ;治疗3个月后△IGF -I与治疗后GV呈显著正相关。提示IGF -I、IGFBP -3对GHD患儿的诊断有重要价值 ;GH峰值可根据所测IGF -I由回归方程求出 ,以代替传统的生长激素刺激试验 ;IGF—I是判断rhGH治疗效果的可靠而     

重组人生长激素对不同生长激素分泌状态青春前期矮小患儿近期疗效分析

目的探讨部分性生长激素缺乏症（pGHD）患儿在重组人生长激素（rhGH）治疗后早期追赶性生长的规律。方法回顾性分析62例青春前期不同生长激素（GH）分泌状态矮小患儿用rhGH治疗后,近期（1．5年）追赶性生长指标（生长速度和身高Z分增值）和促生长素轴实验室指标的变化。其中,完全性生长激素缺乏症（cGHD）27例;非GH缺乏性矮小（NGHD）12例;pGHD23例,按GH激发峰值7ng／ml分为pGHD-1（12例）和pGHD-2（11例）两个亚组。结果cGHD和NGHD初始追赶性生长的幅度相似,但NGHD组持续时间较短。pGHD和cGHD以同一rhGH生理替代量治疗后,促生长的应答（生长速度和AIGFBP-3SDS）pGHD-1和cGHD差异无统计学意义,但pGHD-2却低于cGHD,而与NGHD差异无统计学意义。结论GH激发试验的诊断界值选用7ng／ml有更合理的依据,诊断pGHD时尤应审慎。pGHD-2组治疗早期的生长追赶不完全可能与rhGH剂量相对不足有关。     

矮小儿童下丘脑-垂体及其胰岛素样生长因子轴功能检查的意义

目的检测矮小儿童下丘脑-垂体及其胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)生长轴(GHRH-GH-IGF-1)功能,了解矮小儿童的发病因素及确定下丘脑-垂体及其IGF轴功能缺陷病因分类。方法矮小儿童30例。用统一印制的矮小儿童表格记录其临床特征。对矮小儿童进行甲状腺功能测定;用胰岛素 左旋多巴行生长激素(GH)刺激试验;放射免疫法测定血清IGF-1和血清胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)水平;同时行患儿骨龄、垂体增强MRI扫描、染色体核型分析、性激素测定。根据矮小症诊断标准和2004年Rosenfeld RG和GHRH-GH-IGF-1轴缺陷不同,将矮小儿童进行病因定位和分类。结果矮小儿童30例中,下丘脑-垂体及其IGF轴功能缺陷12例,占40%,其中肯定生长激素缺乏(GHD)4例,怀疑生长激素不敏感综合征2例,可疑GHD 6例。Turner′s综合征2例,占6.67%;体质性青春期延迟2例,占6.67%;特发性矮小14例,占46.6%。磁共振发现垂体微腺瘤2例;垂体发育不良12例。结论1.矮小儿童所占比例最大的为特发性矮小,其次为下丘脑-垂体及其IGF轴功能缺陷。2.IGF-1水平和IGFBP-3水平与生长激素刺激试验测定生长激素水平不一致,考虑存在生长激素抵抗和受体缺陷。3.矮小儿童可能存在先天性垂体发育异常,致使垂体分泌生长激素不足。     

1496例矮小症病因分析及基于IGF-1水平生长激素缺乏症诊断预测模型的建立

目的探讨矮小症患儿的病因及胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)-1与生长激素(growth hormone,GH)水平之间的关系,建立基于IGF-1水平的简易GH缺乏(GHD)诊断预测模型。方法矮小症住院患儿1 496例,采用胰岛素低血糖法和精氨酸法测定GH分泌状态,根据体格检查及实验室检查分析病因;Logistic逐步多元回归模型建立基于IGF-1的GHD诊断预测模型。结果 GHD659例(44.05%),特发性矮小504例(33.69%),家族性矮小165例(11.03%),体质性青春期发育延迟35例(2.33%),余为甲状腺功能减低症、宫内发育迟缓、Turner综合征、多种垂体激素缺乏症等引起的矮小症。比较GHD与非GHD两组患儿潜在的影响因素,体质量、BMI、身高-SDS、ALT/AST/AKP、TG/Tch、IGF-1、IGFBP-3等的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。设GHD的概率为P,经Logistic逐步多元回归模型拟合如下:LN[P/(1-P)]=-2.0193+0.0683×年龄+0.1439×BMI+0.021×ALT-0.0021×IGF-1-0.1526×IGFBP-3。结论内分泌疾病是矮小症最多见的病因,但GH激发试验的水平与多种体格和生化指标有关,因此GHD诊断需要综合考虑;基于IGF-1拟合的简易模型对GHD诊断有较准确的预测价值,可用于门诊筛查。     

血清胰岛素样生长因子-1、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3在矮小症儿童诊断和疗效判断中的价值

目的探讨胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）及其结合蛋白-3（IGFBP-3）在矮小症儿童诊断及疗效判断中的价值。方法1．对124例青春发育前矮小症患儿用精氨酸激发试验和可乐定激发试验检测其血清生长激素（GH）水平，并根据患儿GH峰值分为生长激素缺乏组（GHD组，40例）、特发性矮小组（1SS组，84例）。选取20例健康儿童作为健康对照组。对所有儿童采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清IGF—1和IGFBP-3。对GHD组、ISS组和健康对照组儿童血清IGF-1和IGFBP-3水平进行两两比较。2．对15例GHD和30例ISS患儿予国产重组人生长激素（rhGH）0．1IU／（kg&#183;d）治疗6个月，于治疗前及治疗6个月分别测定其身高、体质量、骨龄及血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3，并进行治疗前后的对照。结果1．GHD组和ISS组患儿血清IGF-1和IGFBP-3水平明显低于健康对照组（Pa〈0．01），GHD组与ISS组患儿血清IGF-1和IGFBP-3水平比较均有显著差异（Pa〈0．01），GHD组患儿治疗前后血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3比较有显著差异（Pa〈0．01）；诊断GHD，IGF-1的特异性为67．8％，敏感性为75％；IGFBP-3的特异性为88％，敏感性为85％。2．rhGH治疗后身高增长速度明显加快，血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3水平显著升高；治疗前血清IGF-1与治疗6个月生长速度呈显著负相关（r=-0．78P〈0．01）；治疗6个月后IGF-1的变化与治疗后生长速度呈显著正相关（r=0．82P〈0．01）。结论IGF-1、IGFBP-3可用于儿童矮小症的诊断及疗效评价。     

内分泌系统疾病

951166尿液人生长激素测定的临床意义/程有红…//临床儿科杂志一1994,12(,).一339~340,352 应用LAB一FLISA技术对53例(其中男26例,女27例)4一10岁青春发育前期,l一例(男5例、女6例,年龄5一5岁)特发性垂体性矮小(GHD)、27例(男15例、女12例,年龄5~14岁)生长激素(GH)激发试验正常性特发性矮小儿童和3例成人肢端肥大症患者进行夜间12小时尿人生长激素(HGH)的总排泄量测定。结果:正常青春发育期前儿童夜间12小时尿HGH排泄量相对恒定;GHD和GH激发试验正常性特发性身材矮小儿童尿HGH的平均水平显著低于正常,肢端肥大症患者尿HGH水平明…     

矮小儿童血浆ghrelin及GHBP变化及其与生长的关系

目的 检测矮小儿童血浆ghrelin及生长激素结合蛋白(GHBP)水平变化,探讨其在矮小儿童生长发育中的作用.方法 收集就诊的矮小儿童70例,根据生长激素刺激试验GH峰值<7 ng/ml、7～10ng/ml、>10ng/ml分为生长激素缺乏组1(GHD 1,加例)、生长激素缺乏组2(GHD 2,20例)及特发性矮小组(ISS,30例);抽取20例年龄、性别相匹配的正常身高儿童作为对照组.对其进行全面的病史采集和体格检查,并检测血浆ghrelin及血清GHBP水平.采用方差分析、卡方检验及多元回归分析等统计学方法对结果进行分析.结果 GHD 1组血浆ghrelin水平低于其余三组[(4.21±2.70)ng/ml对(6.12±2.16)ng/ml、(6.20±2.75)ng/ml、 (5.11±2.53)ng/ml,P均<0.05];GHD 2组与ISS组血浆ghrelin水平近似,高于正常对照组[(6.12±2.16)ng/ml、(6.20±2.75)ng/ml对(5.11±2.53)ng/ml,P<0.05)].对ghrelin进行多重线性回归分析得出体重为ghrelin的独立影响因素(β=-188.46,P<0.000 1).GHD 1组血清GHBP水平与正常对照组差异无统计学意义[(3 869.6±702.1)pmol/ml对(4 192.9±1 043.5)pmol/ml,P>0.05)];GHD 2组与ISS组血清GHBP水平近似,均低于正常对照组[(3 584.2±469.5)pmol/ml、(3 443.5±568.4)pmol/ml对(4 192.9±1 043.5)pmol/ml,P<0.05)].结论 血浆ghrelin在不同的矮小症中所扮角色不同,GH峰值<7 ng/ml中为病因之一;而GH峰值>7 ng/ml的矮小症中为对低体质量的适应性代偿.ISS及GHD 2组血清GHBP水平低下,提示这两组中存在生长激素受体(GHR)突变.     

生长激素神经分泌功能不全的夜间GH分泌相研究

研究目的 观察睡眠最初5小时的生长激素(GH)分泌情况,以探讨其临床应用意义。 研究设计 病例对照研究 患者或其它参与者 25名儿童根据身高和对药物激发试验GH反应情况,分为四组:对照组6例,男4例,女2例,年龄6～12岁;GHND组9例,男8例,女1例,年龄5～13岁;GHD组8例,男7例,女1例,年龄6～12岁;肥胖组2例,男女各1例,年龄均为10岁。 处理方法 所有被测儿童均进行可乐宁激发试验及夜间5小时GH分泌相测定。在受试儿入睡半小时后开始采血,每隔半小时1次,共11次。标本-2℃保存待测。 测定结果 5小时平均GH浓度、夜间最大的GH峰值和GH的脉冲数对照组高于其他各组(t检验,P<0.01)。GHND组介于对照组和GHD组之间。 结论 用夜间5小时GH测定方法能鉴别出GHND患儿,而传统的药物激发试验则不能推测GH分泌水平。     

生长激素缺乏症患儿血清胰岛素样生长因子-1及其结合蛋白的变化

目的 研究血清胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)浓度与生长激素缺乏症(GHD)患儿生长激素(GH)激发试验中血清GH峰值关系,为其代替GH激发试验提供依据。方法选择GHD患儿62例(男39例,女23例),为GHD组;60例健康儿童(男38例,女22例)为对照组。分别用放射免疫分析法(RIA)、免疫放射分析法(IRMA)检测两组血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3浓度,同时做GH激发试验,测定血清GH峰值,并比较其与IGF-1、IGFBP-3的关系。结果 GHD血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3均显著低于对照组(t=3.116、11.579 P均<0.01);GHD组血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3浓度与GH激发试验中GH峰值呈显著正相关(r=0.331、0.347 P均<0.01);GHD组血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3降低阳性率分别为97.58％、98.38％,与激发试验的阳性率(100％)比较无统计学意义(x~2=3.074、2.033 P均>0.05)。结论 血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3浓度的检测对诊断GHD有重要意义;检测血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3浓度可替代GH激发试验。     

过敏性紫癜患儿血清白介素6、白介素8及肿瘤坏死因子α水平和免疫球蛋白的变化

目的探讨血清白介素6、白介素8、肿瘤坏死因子。及免疫球蛋白在过敏性紫癜患儿中的表达及其临床意义。方法采用ELISA法和免疫散射比浊法检测了45例过敏性紫癜患儿(其中20例合并肾脏损害)及43例正常健康儿童的血清白介素6、白介素8、肿瘤坏死因子α及免疫球蛋白水平,分别对过敏性紫癜有无合并肾损害及过敏性紫癜患儿与健康儿童细胞因子和免疫球蛋白水平进行比较;观察是否存在相关关系。结果HSP患儿的血清IL-6、IL-8及TNF-α水平高于正常对照组(P<0·01);无肾损害HSP组与HSPN组的血清IL-6、IL-8水平均无统计学差异,HSPN组TNF-α水平高于无肾损害HSP组;HSP患儿IgA、IgE含量明显高于正常对照组(P<0·01),IgG含量下降(P<0·01),IgM无明显差别(P>0·05);无肾损害HSP组与HSPN组的IgA、IgM、IgG水平无统计学差异(P>0·05),HSPN组的IgE水平高于无肾损害HSP组(P<0·05);HSP患儿的血清TNF-α水平与IL-8存在中等程度正相关关系(r=0·524,P<0·01)。HSP患儿的血清TNF-α水平与IL-6存在中等程度正相关关系(r=0·670,P<0·01)。结论HSP/HSPN的发病过程存在细胞因子和异常水平免疫球蛋白的参与,HSPN的发生与TNF-α异常有相关性。     

Arm span, serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels as screening parameters for the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in patients with myelomeningocele – preliminary data

Short stature is a common problem in patients with myelomeningocele (MMC) and hydrocephalus. We evaluated auxological and laboratory parameters to differentiate short stature due to neurological defect from short stature additionally caused by growth hormone deficiency (GHD). In a group of 38 prepubertal patients with MMC and hydrocephalus aged 3.8–11.0 years, auxological parameters, including arm span and bone age, and serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels were measured. Patients with normal supine length (n = 15) had normal arm span. Serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were normal (≥ 10th percentile) in 14/15 patients. Twenty-three MMC patients had short stature (height SDS < −2), 11/23 patients had reduced arm span (SDS < −2), and 12/23 had normal arm span. Serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were normal in 10/12 of short statured patients with normal arm span, but low (<10th percentile) in those patients with reduced arm span (IGF-1: 8/11 patients, P<0.05; IGFBP-3: 9/11 patients, P<0.005). In 7/11 short statured MMC patients with reduced arm span and low serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels, growth hormone secretion was investigated. All had a disturbed growth hormone secretion (GHD: n = 4; neurosecretory dysfunction: n = 3). Conclusion Arm span, serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels are estimated to be appropriate screening parameters for GHD in patients with MMC. Initiating growth hormone therapy should be considered not only according to endocrine findings but also with respect to neurological and orthopaedic anomalies. Received: 27 March 1997 / Accepted: revised form 18 September 1997     

rhGH替代治疗对生长激素缺乏儿童糖代谢的影响

目的探讨重组人生长激素(rhGH)替代治疗对生长激素缺乏症(GHD)儿童糖和胰岛素代谢的影响以及 GH 与糖代谢平衡之间的关系。方法对44例(男28例,女16例)4.5～16.5(10.4±2.6)岁 GHD 患儿在接受 rhGH 治疗前及治疗后每3个月检测体重指数、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、行口服葡萄糖耐量试验,计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数。结果 (1)空腹血糖和 IGF-1在治疗3个月时即显著提高,一直持续较高水平,每个随访时间点与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=6.81,7.31,P 均<0.01);稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数和空腹胰岛素分别在治疗3和9个月时提高(P<0.01和 P<0.05),1年后下降,治疗1年半时与治疗前比较,差异已无统计学意义(均 P>0.05)。(2)相关分析发现,稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数与体重指数、IGF-1和治疗持续时间显著相关(r=0.251,0.437,0.281,P 均<0.001)。二次方程曲线回归分析发现,稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数与治疗持续时间呈近似抛物线量变关系。(3)发现2例暂时性高血糖,分别在停用 rhGH 治疗后1个月和5d 血糖恢复正常,再注射 rh GH 后,行口服葡萄糖耐量试验正常。结论 GHD 儿童接受 rhGH 治疗(尤第1年内)可增加胰岛素抵抗,极少数引起短暂糖代谢紊乱。循环 IGF-1可能参与控制胰岛素的敏感性,在 GH 与胰岛素平衡间起重要作用。有必要对所有接受 rhGH 治疗者定期监测糖代谢指标和 IGF-1水平。     

宫内发育迟缓儿脐血胰岛素样生长因子-1、胰岛素和生长激素水平测定及意义

目的：研究宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)的发生与脐血中胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）、胰岛素（INS）和生长激素（GH）的关系,以探讨内分泌环境对胎儿IUGR的影响。方法：选择新生儿63例（男37例,女26例）,根据出生体重分为IUGR组(n=33)和正常出生体重组(对照组,n=30)。测定并比较两组脐血中IGF-1、INS和GH的含量。结果：①IUGR组脐血中IGF-1和INS的水平均明显低于对照组, GH的水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。②相关分析显示出生体重与脐血中IGF-1水平呈正相关(r=0.625,P<0.01),与GH水平呈负相关(r=-0.257,P<0.05);胎龄与脐血中IGF-1水平呈正相关(r=0.271,P<0.05)。③多元线性逐步回归分析显示脐血IGF-1和INS水平是影响出生体重的重要因素。结论：内分泌环境调控胎儿的生长发育,脐血中的IGF-1和INS水平对胎儿体重有影响,IGF-1水平低下可能是导致IUGR 的原因之一。［中国当代儿科杂志,2010,12（10）：771-773］     

Clinical Usefulness of Urinary Growth Hormone Measurement in Short Children

Growth hormone GH) levels in nocturnal urine were measured in 96 short children and 73 children of normal height in order to investigate whether urinary CH levels reflect spontaneous GH secretion and whether they might be used to screen short children for GH treatment. GH levels in 24-hour urine samples were significantly correlated with urinary albumin and β₂-microglobulin levels in normal children, demonstrating an influence of renal function on urinary GH measurements. Nocturnal urinary GH levels showed significant positive correlations with mean serum GH levels during 3 hours of sleep ( r = 0.26. p < 0.05) and plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) levels, reflecting physiological GH secretion. Urinary GH levels were significantly lower in the eight children with complete GH deficiency (3.1 ± 2.3 ng/g creatinine) than in the normal children (13.8 ± 11.2 ng/g creatinine). Urinary GH levels in three other groups of short children, partial CH deficiency (11.1 ± 16.9 ng/g creatinine), impaired GH secretion during sleep (10.4 ± 12.6 ng/g creatinine) and non-endocrine short stature (18.8 ± 19.5 ng/g creatinine), were not significantly different from those in the normal children. However, when the cut-off point for defining GH insufficiency was set at 5 ng/g creatinine, 87.5% (21 out of 24) of the short children with low urinary GH levels were suitable subjects for GH treatment (i.e. had complete GH deficiency, partial GH deficiency or impaired GH secretion during sleep). It is concluded that urinary GH measurement, though influenced by renal function, is potentially a simple, non-invasive and clinically useful method for screening short children for GH insufficiency. Further refinements of the technique are required before it can be widely applied.     

Growth during and after a trial of growth hormone releasing hormone 1-29 in children with idiopathic short stature or growth hormone neurosecretory dysfunction

The growth promoting effects of once nightly subcutaneous injections of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) 1-29 (30 microg/kg) for 6 months were studied in 16 slowly growing prepubertal children with idiopathic short stature (ISS; Group 1) and 8 similar children with growth hormone neurosecretory dysfunction (GHND; Group 2). Each child underwent endogenous growth hormone evaluation using both pharmacological and physiological testing; each had stimulated values > 10 microg/l and were subsequently placed into one of two groups based on pooled 12-hour overnight GH of < or > or = 3 microg/l. Each patient was followed every three months for one year. There were no significant differences in the two groups throughout the study with the exception of the endogenous GH levels. Both groups responded to GHRH therapy with similar significant increases in their rates of growth. Although a subset of patients (6 of 21) continued to grow at a rate significantly greater than the pre-therapy rate of growth, overall rates of growth were not significantly different from the pre-therapy growth rates 6 months following the discontinuation of GHRH treatment. We conclude that GHRH 1-29, given in the doses provided, leads to similar changes in growth rates in short, slowly growing children who are GH sufficient and those with GHND. Despite prior reports to the contrary, GHND patients do not experience a sustained increased in growth rate upon discontinuation of GHRH.     

A cross-sectional study of growth, puberty and endocrine function in patients with thalassaemia major in Hong Kong

Methodology: A cross-sectional study of growth, puberty and endocrine function was performed on 35 girls and 33 boys with thalassaemia major.
Results Despite regular transfusion and chelation therapy, 75% of the girls and 62% of the boys over the age of 12 years were below the third percentile for height. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism was found in a similar percentage of patients. Moderate to marked zinc deficiency secondary to chelation therapy was considered unlikely because normal serum zinc levels were found in all but three of our patients, but we could not exclude the possibility of a marginal status of zinc nutrition causing growth failure. Growth hormone deficiency and diabetes mellitus were sometimes encountered but hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism and adrenal insufficiency were rare among our patients. Most of the patients with growth failure had normal growth hormone (GH) response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia. The serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels were low in our patients and no significant difference in the serum IGF-1 levels was found between prepubertal children with or without growth failure (0.4±0.1 mU/mL vs 0.37±0.11 mU/mL, P = 0.39). Similarly, no difference in the serum IGF-1 levels was found between pubertal children with or without growth failure (0.48 ± 0.2 U/mL vs 0.56 ±0.14 U/mL, P= 0.26).
Conclusions Delayed sexual maturation and a possible defect in growth unrelated to the GH-IGF-1 axis may be responsible for the growth failure in adolescent children with thalassaemia major.     

Once versus twice daily injections of growth hormone in children with idiopathic short stature

The aim of this study was to compare the growth response of 22 short pre-pubertal children without growth hormone deficiency, treated with a single daily growth hormone injection (group A), to the growth response of 27 similar children, treated with the same daily dose divided into 2 subcutaneous injections per day (group B), for 1 y, in a randomized study. GH treatment significantly promoted growth parameters, height standard deviation score and height velocity standard deviation score in both groups. Serum insulin-like growth factor I was also increased. There were no significant differences in growth response, serum IGF-I levels, or the advance in bone age between the two study groups after 1 y of GH therapy. We conclude that twice daily s.c. growth hormone injections provide no advantages over once daily injection of the same dose in promoting the linear growth of short children without growth hormone deficiency.     

Growth hormone therapy for short stature in Diamond Blackfan anemia

BACKGROUND: We report a 13-year-old male with Diamond Blackfan anemia and short stature. He had a normal biochemical response to growth hormone (GH) stimulation, but his bone age was delayed, his insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was low, and he had a poor growth velocity. He was started on daily GH injections. METHODS: From the patient's medical record the following data were collected: serial heights, serial weights, hemoglobin, hematocrit, bone age, IGF-1, and steroid dose. RESULTS: This patient had an increase in growth velocity up to 8.2 cm/year. CONCLUSIONS: Growth hormone therapy should be considered in children with DBA, short stature and poor growth velocity.     

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of recombinant human growth hormone by subcutaneous jet- or needle-injection in patients with growth hormone deficiency

Eighteen growth hormone (GH) deficient children and adolescents (11 6/12–20 9/12 y) participated in a randomized open, two-period (4 weeks) cross-over study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) administered daily, either by subcutaneous jet-injection or conventional needle-injection. Plasma growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), glucose, insulin, HbAlc and serum-free fatty acids (FFA) levels were analysed repeatedly. GH absorption characteristics, expressed as AUC_0-x, Cmax and Tmax ratio (%) jet-injected over needle-injected were similar in both groups. IGF-I and IGFBP-3 plasma levels were identical in both groups. Serum FFA concentrations were comparable after GH administration with either injection device. Surprisingly nocturnal blood glucose decreased to asymptomatic hypoglycaemic levels in all patients. The results of this study showed equal responses concerning absorption and bioavailability of growth hormone administered daily for 4 weeks by either a jet or a needle-injection device in GH-deficient children and adolescents.     

单纯性肥胖儿童生长激素及身高的变化

目的：研究单纯性肥胖儿童生长激素水平及身高的变化，探讨发生这种变化的机制。方法：采用双抗体放射免疫法分别对30例单纯性肥胖儿童及23例同龄正常儿童的生长激素（GH）、胰岛素(Ins)及C－肽（CP）水平进行测定，同时对包括上述儿童在内的117例肥胖儿童及正常儿童的身高进行3年的动态观察。结果：肥胖组与对照组比较，GH水平明显下降（P＜0．01），但两组身高变化无明显差异（P＞0．05）。结论：肥胖儿童GH水平明显低于正常儿童，但目前并未发现生长障碍。肥胖儿童GH水平升高与Ins、血脂水平降低三者之间互为因果，与肥胖形成恶性循环。基于GH的融脂作用，近年来应用GH治疗肥胖成为新的探讨途径之一。