Comparison of 16 slice multi-detector computed tomography and breath hold 3D magnetic resonance angiography in the detection of coronary stenosis

Objective To compare 16-slice multi-detector spiral computed tomography (MDCT) and breathhold 3D magnetic resonance (MR) coronary angiography in the visualization of coronary arteries and the accuracy of detecting significant (> 50%) coronary stenoses in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Methods Forty patients were examined by 16-slice CT (GE, Lightspeed 16) and MR (GE,Twinspeed) within 3 days; 31 of them underwent conventional coronary angiography (CAG) within 2 weeks after CT and MR scan. CT was performed with 16×1.25 mm detector collimation, 0.5 s rotation time and images were reconstructed at 60%-75% of the cardiac cycle. MR was performed with breath hold 3D FIESTA (TR4.0 ms, TE1 .7 ms, flip angle 65, slice thickness 3 mm, FOV 280 mm, matrix 256×192). Mean heart rate was 63±5.8 bpm andβ-blocker was used in 24 patients. MR and CT image quality was evaluated in 9 coronary segments (RCA1, RCA2, RCA3, LM, LAD1, LAD2, LAD3, LCX1, LCX2) using a four-point grading scale. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were calculated for detection of significant stenosis using CAG as the gold standard. Results 16-slice CT showed higher image quality in most coronary segments except RCA2. Forty-three segments were diagnosed as significant stenosis by CAG, 36 and 27 of these were correctly detected by CT and MR respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 16-slice CT and MR for detecting significant stenosis were 83%, 84%. 49%, 97%. and 63%, 90%, 55%, 93%, respectively. Conclusion Sixteen-slice CT showed higher image quality in most coronary segments excepted for middle RCA. 16-slice CT had higher sensitivity than MR for detection of coronary significant stenosis, whereas MR had higher specificity than CT. Both CT and MR showed high negative predictive value, which is useful for excluding coronary stenosis in symptomatic patients. (J Geriatr Cordial 2006; 3(1): 24-28)     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与心血管疾病危险分层的相关性

Objective To investigate the relationship between the risk stratification of cardiovascular diseases and the outcome of 64-slice helical computed tomography (MSCT) coronary angiography. Methods A total of 470 cases suspected to have coronary heart disease were enrolled.They all received 64-slice MSCT coronary angiography, and they were divided into groups according to the range of disease, degree of calcium scoring, degree of stenosis and characteristic of plaque. Among them, 80 patients underwent both MSCT and selective coronary angiography (CAG) at one time, and they were grouped according to the range of disease and degree of stenosis. All the 470 cases were classified as five levels according to the risk stratification of cardiovascular diseases. The lesions of coronary artery in different risk stratifications were observed, and the correlations were analyzed.Results In the 80 patients who underwent both MSCT and selective CAG, there were no significant differences in the range of coronary artery diseases(χ2=3.631, P=0.067) and coronary arterystenosis (χ2=1.639, P=0.200) between MSCT and CAG. Along with the increased level of the risk stratification, there were the more ranges of the coronary artery diseases (λvery high risk. multi-vessel disease=1.09,λhigh risk. double-vessel disease=0.91, λlow-risk. single-vessel disease=1.07)and the more degrees of coronary artery stenosis(λvery high risk. severe stenosis=0.96,λhigh risk. moderate stenosis=1.03,λlow-risk. mild stenosis=0.78). The degrees of calcium scoring in different risk stratifications of cardiovascular diseases showed significantly differences (F=256.20,123.76,62.50, 98. 24,52.36,P＜0.01). There was the highest percentage of soft plaque in very high risk patients.Higher percentages of fiber plaque, calcified plaque and mixed plaque were found in moderate risk and low risk patients(λvery high risk. soft plaque=1.01,λlow-risk. calcium plaques=1.17). Conclusions The 64-slice MSCT coronary angiography could provide a basis for assessing risk stratification of cardiovascular diseases. The complicated coronary artery disease, moderate-severe calcification, more severe stenosis, higher percentage of soft plaque are found in the very high risk patients. The lower level of the risk stratification is found in patients with the less range of the coronary artery disease and less severe degree of the coronary artery calcification and stenosis. The calcified plaque and mixed plaque are found in moderate risk and low risk patients.     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与心血管疾病危险分层的相关性

Objective To investigate the relationship between the risk stratification of cardiovascular diseases and the outcome of 64-slice helical computed tomography (MSCT) coronary angiography. Methods A total of 470 cases suspected to have coronary heart disease were enrolled.They all received 64-slice MSCT coronary angiography, and they were divided into groups according to the range of disease, degree of calcium scoring, degree of stenosis and characteristic of plaque. Among them, 80 patients underwent both MSCT and selective coronary angiography (CAG) at one time, and they were grouped according to the range of disease and degree of stenosis. All the 470 cases were classified as five levels according to the risk stratification of cardiovascular diseases. The lesions of coronary artery in different risk stratifications were observed, and the correlations were analyzed.Results In the 80 patients who underwent both MSCT and selective CAG, there were no significant differences in the range of coronary artery diseases(χ2=3.631, P=0.067) and coronary arterystenosis (χ2=1.639, P=0.200) between MSCT and CAG. Along with the increased level of the risk stratification, there were the more ranges of the coronary artery diseases (λvery high risk. multi-vessel disease=1.09,λhigh risk. double-vessel disease=0.91, λlow-risk. single-vessel disease=1.07)and the more degrees of coronary artery stenosis(λvery high risk. severe stenosis=0.96,λhigh risk. moderate stenosis=1.03,λlow-risk. mild stenosis=0.78). The degrees of calcium scoring in different risk stratifications of cardiovascular diseases showed significantly differences (F=256.20,123.76,62.50, 98. 24,52.36,P＜0.01). There was the highest percentage of soft plaque in very high risk patients.Higher percentages of fiber plaque, calcified plaque and mixed plaque were found in moderate risk and low risk patients(λvery high risk. soft plaque=1.01,λlow-risk. calcium plaques=1.17). Conclusions The 64-slice MSCT coronary angiography could provide a basis for assessing risk stratification of cardiovascular diseases. The complicated coronary artery disease, moderate-severe calcification, more severe stenosis, higher percentage of soft plaque are found in the very high risk patients. The lower level of the risk stratification is found in patients with the less range of the coronary artery disease and less severe degree of the coronary artery calcification and stenosis. The calcified plaque and mixed plaque are found in moderate risk and low risk patients.     

Effect of age and plaque morphology on diagnostic accuracy of dual source multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography

Background Multidetector computed tomography （MDCT） coronary angiography represents one of the most exciting technological revolutions in cardiac imaging and it has been increasingly used in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of age and coronary plaque calcification on diagnostic accuracy of MDCT. Methods The patients were examined by using dual-source MDCT and conventional coronary angiography. MDCT results were analyzed with regard to the severity （＆gt;50%stenosis） and morphology （non-calcified, mixed, or calcified） of coronary atherosclerotic plaques evaluated in a 16-segment model. Results In total, 181 patients （94 men and 87 women） with 2,687 coronary artery segments were examined with MDCT. Ninety three patients were older than 65 years of age （group A, 42 men） and 88 were younger （group B, 52 men）. Two-hundred nine coronary artery segments （7.2%） were ex-cluded because of small distal coronary vessel segments and/or motion artifacts. The overall number of segments with non-diagnostic image quality was similar in both groups of patients. Of the 2,687 evaluated segments, 157 （5.8%） were significantly diseased, and 144 of them were correctly detected by MDCT. Diagnostic evaluation showed that the sensitivity, positive predictive value, specificity, and negative pre-dictive value were 89.5%, 62.5%, 96.0%, and 99.2%, respectively in group A, and 95.2%, 64.8%, 97.5%, and 99.8%in group B, respectively. In addition, detailed segment-based analyses in coronary segments with non-calcified, mixed and calcified plaques in both groups were simi-lar diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions Very high diagnostic accuracy observed in this study suggests that MDCT coronary angiography could be a suitable diagnostic tool for not only younger patients but also for older patients.     

3T磁共振增强全心冠状动脉成像技术临床应用价值

Objective To investigate the clinical application, feasibility and value of 3 T wholeheart contrast enhanced free-breathing navigator-gated three-dimensional coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CE-CMRA). Methods 3 T CE-CMRA was used to examine patients with suspected coronary heart disease (CAD). Gd-BOPTA(0. 2 mmol/kg) was injected intravenously with slow infusion rate(0. 3ml/s) to perform enhancement. Data were post-processed to obtain principal branches of coronary artery and picture quality was evaluated. According to results of selective coronary arteriography ( SCAG ), the diagnostic accuracy of CE-CMRA for diagnosing CAD was judged by means of detecting significant stenosis ( ＞50% ) of the principal branches based on the 9 segments of coronary artery. Results Twenty-three out of 26 patients successfully completed the examination. The mean scanning time was ( 10. 4 ± 2. 1 ) minutes,178 out of 202 (88. 1% ) SCAG demonstrated segments could be evaluated by CE-CMRA. The imaging quality was superior in proximal and middle segments of coronary artery principal branches than in distal segments. Based on patient-level, there were 9 positive cases and 14 negative cases examined by CE-CMRA compared with 11 positive cases and 12 negative cases examined by SCAG, respectively. The whole diagnose accordance rate of CE-CMRA was 91.3% (21/23)compared with SCAG. The sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive values were 81.8% (9/11), 88.5% (169/191) and 98.8% (9/31)respectively. Conclusions 3 T CE-CMRA is a feasible non-invasive imaging modality for diagnosing CAD,especially to detect significant stenosis in proximal and middle segments of coronary artery principal branches. However, the detecting efficacy is limited in assessing stenosis of distal segment and small branches of coronary artery.     

3T磁共振增强全心冠状动脉成像技术临床应用价值

Objective To investigate the clinical application, feasibility and value of 3 T wholeheart contrast enhanced free-breathing navigator-gated three-dimensional coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CE-CMRA). Methods 3 T CE-CMRA was used to examine patients with suspected coronary heart disease (CAD). Gd-BOPTA(0. 2 mmol/kg) was injected intravenously with slow infusion rate(0. 3ml/s) to perform enhancement. Data were post-processed to obtain principal branches of coronary artery and picture quality was evaluated. According to results of selective coronary arteriography ( SCAG ), the diagnostic accuracy of CE-CMRA for diagnosing CAD was judged by means of detecting significant stenosis ( ＞50% ) of the principal branches based on the 9 segments of coronary artery. Results Twenty-three out of 26 patients successfully completed the examination. The mean scanning time was ( 10. 4 ± 2. 1 ) minutes,178 out of 202 (88. 1% ) SCAG demonstrated segments could be evaluated by CE-CMRA. The imaging quality was superior in proximal and middle segments of coronary artery principal branches than in distal segments. Based on patient-level, there were 9 positive cases and 14 negative cases examined by CE-CMRA compared with 11 positive cases and 12 negative cases examined by SCAG, respectively. The whole diagnose accordance rate of CE-CMRA was 91.3% (21/23)compared with SCAG. The sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive values were 81.8% (9/11), 88.5% (169/191) and 98.8% (9/31)respectively. Conclusions 3 T CE-CMRA is a feasible non-invasive imaging modality for diagnosing CAD,especially to detect significant stenosis in proximal and middle segments of coronary artery principal branches. However, the detecting efficacy is limited in assessing stenosis of distal segment and small branches of coronary artery.     

Coronary computed tomography angiography in coronary artery disease

AIM: To investigate the research directions of coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) based on a systematic review of the literature.METHODS: A search of articles on coronary CT angiography in the diagnosis of CAD was performed during a 6-year-period between 2005 and 2010 from f ive main radiology journals namely, Radiology, American Journal of Roentgenology, European Radiology, European Journal of Radiology and British Journal of Radiology. Analysis of the references was focused on the research directions of coronary CT angiography with regard to the type of studies in terms of diagnostic value, application of dose-reduction strategies and resultant effective radiation doses with use of these techniques.RESULTS: One hundred and forty two studies were identified which met the selection criteria and were included in the analysis. 64-slice CT (single source anddual-source CT) dominated 78% of the coronary CT angiography studies. Prior to 2007, research was focused on the diagnostic value of coronary CT angiography, but since 2008 more attention has been paid to radiation dose reduction. Radiation dose was reported in 64 studies, representing 45% of total studies published in the f ive radiology journals. Various dose-saving strategies have been implemented and prospective electrocardiography-triggering and high pitch techniques were found to be the most effective approaches for radiation dose reduction, with the corresponding mean effective dose being 3.5 ± 1.9 mSv and 1.7 ± 0.6 mSv, respectively.CONCLUSION: This review shows that the current research in coronary CT angiography has shifted from the previous focus on diagnostic accuracy in CAD to more emphasis on radiation dose reduction.     

Coronary artery calcium score:Re-evaluation of its predictive value for coronary artery disease

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in advanced countries and its prevalence is increasing among the developing countries.Cardiac computed tomography(CT) has been increasingly used in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease due to its rapid improvements in multislice CT scanners over the last decade,and this less-invasive technique has become a potentially effective alternative to invasive coronary angiography.Quantifying the amount of coronary artery calcium with cardiac CT has been widely accepted as a reliable non-invasive technique for predicting risk of future cardiovascular events.However,the main question that remains uncertain is whether routine,widespread coronary artery calcium scoring in an individual patient will result in an overall improvement in quality of care and clinical outcomes.In this commentary,we discuss a current issue of the clinical value of coronary artery calcium scoring with regard to its value of predicting adverse cardiac events.We also discuss the applications of coronary artery calcium scores in patients with different risk groups.     

Computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with acute myocardial infarction without significant coronary stenosis

Background It is known that 9-31% of women and 4-14% of men experiencing an acute myocardial infarction(AMI) have normal coronary arteries or non-significant coronary disease at angiography.Computed tomography coronary angiography(CTCA) can non-invasively identify the presence of coronary plaques even in the absence of significant coronary artery stenosis.This study evaluated the role of 64-slice CTCA in detecting and characterising coronary atherosclerosis in patients with a documented AMI but without significant coronary artery stenosis.Methods and Results Consecutive patients with AMI but without significant coronary stenosis at coronary angiography(CA) underwent late gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance(LGE-CMR) and CTCA.Only the 50 patients with an area of MI identified by LGE-CMR were included in the study.All of the coronary segments were assessed for the presence of coronary plaques.CTCA identified 101 plaques against the 41 identified by CA:61(60.4%) located in infarct-related arteries(IRAs) and 40(39.6%) in non-IRAs.In the IRAs,22 plaques were non-calcified,17 mixed,and 22 calcified;in the non-IRAs,five plaques were non-calcified,eight mixed,and 27 calcified(P = 0.005).Mean plaque area was significantly greater in the IRAs than in the non-IRAs(6.1 ± 5.4 mm 2 vs 4.2 ± 2.1 mm 2,P = 0.03);there was no significant difference in mean percentage stenosis(33.5% ± 14.6 vs 31.7% ± 12.2,P = 0.59),but the mean remodelling index was significantly different(1.25 ± 0.41 vs 1.08 ± 0.21,P = 0.01).Conclusions CTCA detects coronary atherosclerotic plaques in segments of non-stenotic coronary arteries that are underestimated by CA,and identifies a different distribution of plaque types in IRAs and non-IRAs.It may therefore be valuable for diagnosing coronary atherosclerosis in AMI patients without any significant coronary stenosis.     

Coronary CT angiography:State of the art

Coronary computed tomography(CT)angiography has been recognized as the most rapidly developed imaging technique in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease due to the emergence and technological advances in multislice CT scanners.Coronary CT angiography has been confirmed to demonstrate high diagnostic and predictive value in coronary artery disease when compared to invasive coronary angiography.However,it suffers from high radiation dose which raises concerns in the medical field.Various dose-reduction strategies have been proposed with effective outcomes having been achieved to reduce radiation exposure to patients.This article provides an introduction and overview of the series of articles that will focus on each particular topic related to coronary CT angiography.     

64层螺旋CT血管成像与冠状动脉造影对冠心病诊断价值的对比研究

目的评价64层螺旋CT在冠状动脉造影方面的诊断价值。方法58例临床诊断或可疑冠心病患者行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查,分别对左主干、左前降支、回旋支和右冠状动脉及其分支的重建图像行影像学评价,所有患者均行常规选择性冠状动脉造影检查作为对照。结果58例患者共757(87.0%)节段的冠状动脉(血管直径≥1.5 mm)成像,638节段(84.3%)可用于多层螺旋CT和冠状动脉造影定量分析。冠状动脉造影共发现狭窄101节段,多层螺旋CT发现狭窄104节段,多层螺旋CT对冠状动脉狭窄诊断的敏感性为86.1%,特异性为96.8%。结论64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影可作为诊断冠状动脉病变的一种无创筛选方法。     

64层螺旋CT对老年冠状动脉疾病患者的诊断价值评价

目的探讨64层螺旋CT对老年冠状动脉疾病患者的诊断价值。方法对61例疑为冠心病的老年患者进行冠状动脉64层螺旋CT扫描,并于1周之内进行冠状动脉造影检查。以冠状动脉造影为“金标准”,评价冠状动脉64层螺旋CT诊断老年冠状动脉疾病患者的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确度。结果61例患者总计915个冠状动脉节段,64层螺旋CT能够评价其中882个节段(96．4％),其检测中度以上冠状动脉狭窄的敏感性75．6％,特异性88．1％,阳性预测值64．0％,阴性预测值92．8％,准确度85．4％。结论64层螺旋CT对老年冠状动脉疾病患者具有较高的诊断价值,有可能成为筛查老年人冠心病的一个较为可靠的无创检测手段     

128层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与选择性冠状动脉造影诊断冠心病价值的比较

目的 评价128层螺旋CT(MSCT)冠状动脉成像诊断冠状动脉疾病的价值.方法 对临床怀疑或确诊冠心病的非选择性连续78例患者进行128层MSCT冠状动脉成像,其中有15例患者既往置入冠状动脉支架.以选择性冠状动脉造影结果作为评价标准,探讨128层MSCT在诊断冠状动脉疾病及评价支架后再狭窄的临床价值.结果 基于冠状动脉血管节段分析,879个冠状动脉节段中有821节段(93%)进入统计学分析,128层MSCT诊断冠状动脉病变的敏感性87%,特异性97%,阳性预测值83%,阴性预测值97%.对15例共置入22个支架的患者中,有4个(18%)支架MSCT图像显示支架伪影,图像模糊,未能判断支架内血管腔通畅情况,其余18个支架MSCT结果与选择性冠状动脉造影比较,MSCT诊断支架再狭窄的敏感性为100%,特异性77%,阳性预测值63%,阴性预测值100%.结论 128层MSCT冠状动脉成像对冠状动脉疾病的诊断和支架再狭窄的评价具有较高价值,可以作为一项无创检查技术用于对临床怀疑为冠心病的患者进行筛查.     

心率及心率波动对256层CT回顾性心电门控冠状动脉成像质量的影响简

目的 探讨心率及心率波动对256层计算机断层扫描（computerized tomography,CT）冠状动脉成像图像质量的影响.方法 150例疑为冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）的患者行256层CT回顾性心电门控冠状动脉检查,对直径＞1.5 mm的冠状动脉节段进行评分.根据平均心率分为3组：A组,心率＜65次/min;B组,65次/min～80次/min;C组,心率≥80次/min.比较不同心率组间的图像质量,采用Pearson相关分析方法分析平均心率及心率波动对图像质量的影响,并采用线性回归方程确定需进行干预的心率临界点.结果 在最佳重组时相上,可满足诊断要求的图像占97.9％.冠状动脉总体、右冠状动脉、左前降支及左旋支的图像质量评分与心率显著相关,相关系数分别为0.473、0.425、0.409、0.413（P均＜0.001）,冠状动脉图像质量与心率波动无明显相关（P＞0.05）.不同心率组间冠状动脉图像质量比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.当心率＜83.1次/min时,可获得优良的图像质量,而为获取满足临床诊断要求的图像,心率应＜119.1次/min.心率＜65次/min时,舒张期重建的图像质量佳;心率＞71次/min时,收缩期重建的图像质量佳.结论 心率波动对256层CT同顾性心电门控冠状动脉图像质量无显著影响,但心率仍是影响图像质量的一个重要因素;降低心率有助于提高图像质量.     

心率及心率波动对64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像质量的影响

目的回顾性分析心率及心率波动对64层螺旋CT冠状动脉图像质量的影响。方法将129例疑为冠心病的患者行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉检查的原始数据在心动周期的40%～80%时相上进行图像重组。对直径>1.5mm冠状动脉节段进行评分(≤3分为满足临床诊断)。采用Pearson相关分析方法分析平均心率及心率波动对图像质量的影响。结果扫描时所有患者心率33～108次/min,平均62.2次/min。心率波动0.2～46.9次/min,平均4.4次/min。在最佳重组时相上,可满足诊断的图像占93.9%。图像质量与平均心率及心率波动显著相关。心率<69.7次/min及心率波动<15.7次/min时,可获得优良的图像质量;心率<63次/min时,舒张期重组的图像质量佳;心率>67次/min时,收缩期重组的图像质量佳。重组时相窗从舒张期切换至收缩期的心率范围为63～67次/min。结论心率及心率波动对64层螺旋CT冠状动脉图像质量有重要影响,减低心率及心率波动可提高图像质量。     

256层CTA技术在冠状动脉硬化狭窄诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨256层CT血管成像（CTA）技术在冠状动脉成像及其狭窄诊断中的应用价值.方法 选择临床拟诊或疑诊冠状动脉疾病者400例,均行CTA冠状动脉检查,其中53例行DSA冠状动脉造影;由2名医生对图像质量评价,采用分级评分法评价冠状动脉15节段.结果 CTA显示冠状动脉节段共5 793个,其中评分为4、5分5 691个（98.24％）;与DSA比较,CTA诊断冠状动脉狭窄的准确率为94.33％、特异性为93.75％、敏感性为94.59％.DSA与CTA两种检查方法诊断冠状动脉狭窄一致性较好,Kappa为0.868.256层CTA诊断冠状动脉狭窄,在不同心率患者间差异无统计学意义.结论 256层CTA冠状动脉成像质量较高,可清晰地显示冠状动脉主要节段影像,较为准确地诊断冠状动脉狭窄,特异性、敏感性较好,且不受心率影响.     

Visualization of coronary tree and detection of coronary artery stenosis using 16-slice, sub-millimeter computed tomography: preliminary experience

PURPOSE: multislice CT has been shown as a promising tool for coronary artery imaging. Our goal was to investigate the value of the new sixteen-slice, CT technology for non-invasive visualization of coronary arteries and assessment of coronary stenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: we assessed coronary artery visualization in 30 consecutive patients using 16-slice CT and compared the findings with conventional coronary angiography. The whole heart was scanned using 0.75 millimeter slices after injection of contrast medium. Retrospective ECG-gated reconstructions were performed and images were analyzed using axial CT, maximum intensity projection and 3D images, blind to the conventional angiography findings. Seventeen main coronary segments of more than 1.5 mm were analyzed and stenosis was graded on a four-point scale. RESULTS: CT angiography attained diagnostic quality for the whole coronary artery tree in 90% (27/30) of patients. Sixteen of 493 segments (4%) were not interpreted because of substantial motion artifacts (n=12) or heavy calcifications or stenting (n=4). Thirty seven of the 43 cases of significant stenosis (>50%) identified on coronary angiograms were correctly identified with multislice CT. All 6 false negatives involved stenosis of the circumflex artery or branches. Five false positive stenoses were found in 432 non stenotic segments. The sensitivity was thus 86%, specificity 99% for stenosis of more than 50%. CONCLUSION: 16-slice CT provides an excellent visualization of the coronary tree in most patients, allowing accurate non-invasive detection of significant coronary stenosis. Stenoses of the left circumflex artery remain more difficult to detect.     

40层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在冠心病诊断和随访中的价值

目的:分析897例临床确诊或疑似冠心病患者的40层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像结果,以探讨40层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在冠心病诊断和随访中的价值.方法:262例临床确诊和579例疑似冠心病患者予以40层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查,经最大密度投影、容积重建和曲面多平面重建等后处理,其中207 例患者曾行选择性冠状动脉造影检查,将40层螺旋CT冠脉成像检查结果对照冠状动脉造影检查结果计算其敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值.有135例患者1年后再次做40层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查.结果:94%患者冠状动脉成像图像可用于分析.有斑块伴中重度狭窄病例512例,包括单支病变 216例,2支病变169例,3支病变127例.男女性可疑冠心病患者40层螺旋CT 冠状动脉成像结果显示:无斑块或有斑块伴轻度狭窄的比例女性患者为56.98%(200/351),男性患者为45.18%(103/228),χ~2 =7.72,P<0.01,随着年龄的增长,冠状动脉多支病变逐渐增多.207例多层螺旋CT 冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉造影结果对比显示,冠状动脉分支血管有意义狭窄( ≥50%)的敏感性为84.5%(223/264);特异性为97.3%(1117/1148);阳性预测值为87.8%(223/254);阴性预测值为96.5%(1117/1158);准确性为94.9%(1340/1412).135例患者1年后重复40层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像显示有斑块消失6处、有斑块缩小5处、有新斑块出现9处、有斑块扩大10处.结论:40 层螺旋C T 作为无创性冠状动脉病变诊断技术可作为冠心病筛查,随访的良好方法,尤其适合临床症状较多的女性患者的鉴别诊断以及合并有高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常的高龄患者的随访.     

64-slice CT for diagnosis of coronary artery disease: a systematic review

Purpose

The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the accuracy of 64-slice CT coronary angiography for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.

Methods

We attempted to identify all published trials in all languages that used 64-slice CT to diagnose coronary artery disease. Results of 64-slice CT coronary angiography were compared with invasive coronary angiography or intravascular ultrasound.

Results

Sensitivity of 64-slice CT for significant (≥50%) stenosis, based on pooled data from all studies, was ≥90% in patient-based evaluations, named vessels, segments, and coronary artery bypass grafts, except the left circumflex (sensitivity 88%), distal segments (80%), and stents (88%). Specificity was 88% in patient-based evaluations, and ≥90% at individual sites. Positive predictive values for patient-based evaluations, left main coronary artery, and coronary artery bypass grafts ranged from 91% to 93%, but elsewhere ranged from 69% to 84%. Negative predictive values were 96% to 100%. Positive likelihood ratios for patient-based evaluations were 8.0 and, at specific sites, were ≥9.7. Negative likelihood ratios, except for distal segments, were <0.1.

Conclusion

Negative 64-slice CT reliably excluded significant coronary disease. However, the data suggest that stenoses shown on 64-slice CT require confirmation. Combining the results of 64-slice CT with a pre-CT clinical probability assessment would strengthen the diagnosis. Due to the risk of radiation-induced cancer, patients should be selected carefully for this test, and scan protocols should be optimized to minimize risk.