脂肪组织来源的干细胞临床应用前景

脂肪组织除了储存能量，参与能量代谢外，还存在一种具有多向分化潜能的间充质干细胞，这种细胞在一定条件下可以分化为骨、软骨、脂肪和心肌细胞等；同时脂肪组织是一个十分重要的分泌器官，分泌多种具有生物活性的分子，有着更为复杂和活跃的功能。本文就其可塑性和分泌因子作用特点，对其临床应用的可能性进行综述。     

脂肪组织来源的间充质干细胞研究进展

最近研究表明，象骨髓一样，脂肪中也存在一种具有多向分化潜能的问充质干细胞，这种细胞在一定条件下可以分化为脂肪、骨、软骨和心肌细胞，同时具有跨越胚层向神经细胞分化的特点，在组织工程方面可代替骨髓成为问充质干细胞的来源。本文对这种细胞的分离方法、特点及其优越性方面做一简要综述，同时，对其今后的发展前景特别是在其可能具有支持造血作用等方面从理论上加以阐述。     

脂肪组织来源干细胞治疗缺血性心脏病的研究进展

干细胞移植治疗心血管疾病尤其是缺血性心脏病取得了令人鼓舞的结果,但既往研究主要集中于胚胎干细胞和骨髓间充质干细胞的研究。近年来,人们发现脂肪组织来源干细胞（ASCs）与其他组织来源干细胞相比具有来源广、取材创伤小、具有多向分化潜能、增殖能力强等优点,故近几年来ASCs在心血管疾病治疗上的作用受到越来越多的重视。本文对ASCs细胞生物学特性以及ASCs作为种子干细胞在缺血性心脏病、心肌细胞再生方面的基础和临床研究进展作一综述。     

脂肪组织来源间充质干细胞治疗肝脏疾病的研究进展

目前认为肝移植是治疗终末期肝病最有效的方法,但肝源不足、手术风险大、存在移植后免疫排斥反应及经济负担重等问题都制约着其临床应用.近年来,以干细胞为基础的再生医学为肝脏疾病的治疗带来了希望[1-2].     

脂肪组织来源多能干细胞的心肌分化潜能及意义

脂肪组织提取细胞(PLA细胞)已成为干细胞研究的又一热点。PLA细胞不仅具有容易获取、提取量大、无需特殊血清即可稳定增殖、低水平衰减等特点,且具有多向分化潜能,可定向分化为成肌细胞、脂肪细胞、成骨细胞、成软骨细胞、神经细胞等。本文就PLA细胞的概念、提取分离方法、基本特性等进行综述,并探讨其在心脏疾病治疗中的作用及,临床应用前景。     

脂肪组织来源多能干细胞的心肌分化潜能及意义

脂肪组织提取细胞(PLA细胞)已成为干细胞研究的又一热点.PLA细胞不仅具有容易获取、提取量大、无需特殊血清即可稳定增殖、低水平衰减等特点,且具有多向分化潜能,可定向分化为成肌细胞、脂肪细胞、成骨细胞、成软骨细胞、神经细胞等.本文就PLA细胞的概念、提取分离方法、基本特性等进行综述,并探讨其在心脏疾病治疗中的作用及临床应用前景.     

干细胞来源外泌体对肝脏再生的作用

<正>干细胞是一类具有自我更新和多向分化潜能的细胞。外泌体是细胞核内体和细胞膜融合后释放到细胞外的膜性囊泡,能携带蛋白质和各种RNA到靶细胞,调控靶细胞的生物学功能。干细胞来源外泌体因在疾病的检测、预防和治疗方面的作用已经成为医学研究的热点。本文就各类干细胞来源外泌体在肝脏再生方面的研究进展作综述。一、外泌体的生成机制与特点外泌体(exosome)最初是从体外培养的羊网织红细胞的上清液中发现的[1],由细胞核内体萌发形成多泡体(MVB     

心脏干细胞治疗的选择和存在的问题

当缺血或其他原因导致心肌细胞死亡或功能受损时,就会产生心功能损害,出现严重的心力衰竭,使病人的生存质量下降,病死率升高.而心肌的自生能力非常有限,现有的内外科治疗手段都不能解决心脏收缩细胞丧失的问题,干细胞移植有望解决这一问题.     

干细胞来源外泌体miRNA介导心脏修复的研究进展

在过去几十年中,急性心肌梗死采用开通罪犯冠状动脉和血运重建术等新技术已经显著改善了心肌梗死的预后,但仍有许多患者心肌梗死后出现不良的心脏重构及心力衰竭。随着心力衰竭的流行,急需一种新的治疗方法,无细胞疗法是一种很有前途的治疗方法,在多种急慢性心脏病中调节并促进心脏修复。现就干细胞来源外泌体微RNA在心肌损伤后介导心脏修复的研究进展进行综述。     

Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells as a novel option for regenerative cell therapy

Adult stem cells hold great promise for use in tissue repair and regeneration, and the delivery of autologous progenitor cells into ischemic tissue is emerging as a novel therapeutic option. We and others have recently demonstrated the potential impact of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSC) on regenerative cell therapy for ischemic diseases. The main benefit of ADSC is that they can be easily harvested from patients by a simple, minimally invasive method and also easily cultured. Cultured ADSC can be induced to differentiate into not only adipocytes, but also bone, neurons or endothelial cells in certain conditions. Interestingly, they secrete a number of angiogenesis-related cytokines, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which might be suitable for regenerative cell therapy for ischemic diseases. In the ischemic mouse hindlimb, the angiogenic score was improved in the ADSC-treated group. Moreover, recent reports demonstrated that these ADSC can also be induced to differentiate into cardiac myocytes. These adipose tissue-derived cells have potential in angiogenic cell therapy for ischemic disease, and might be applied for regenerative cell therapy instead of bone marrow cells in the near future.     

Adipose tissue-derived stem cells: hepatic plasticity

Currently, the only effective treatment for end-stage liver disease is liver transplantation. The number of patients on the waiting list increases considerably each year, giving rise to a wide imbalance between supply and demand for healthy livers. Knowledge of stem cells and their possible use have awakened great interest in the field of hepatology, these cells being one of the most promising short-term alternatives. Hepatic stem cell therapy consists of the implantation of healthy cells capable of performing the functions that damaged cells are unable to carry out. Recent observations indicate that several stem cells can differentiate into distinct cell lineages. Hepatic differentiation of adult stem cells from several origins has yielded highly promising results. Adipose tissue in adults contains a reservoir of stem cells that can be induced and differentiated into different types of cells, showing a high degree of plasticity. Because of its abundance and easy access, adipose tissue is a promising source of adult stem cells for hepatic stem cell therapy. The present article reviews the progress made in the differentiation of adult stem cells from adipose tissue into cells with hepatic phenotype. We also discuss the potential application of this technique as a therapy for temporary metabolic support in patients with end-stage liver failure awaiting whole organ transplantation, as a method to support liver function and facilitate regeneration of the native liver in cases of fulminant hepatic failure, and as a treatment in patients with genetic metabolic defects in vital liver functions.     

Adipose tissue-derived stem cells embedded with eNOS restore cardiac function in acute myocardial infarction model

This study assessed the potential therapeutic efficacy of endothelial NO syntheses (eNOS)-expressing adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on infarcted hearts. We isolated CD29+, CD44+, CD45− cells from adipose tissue. Multipotent property of ADSCs was characterized by induction to differentiate into myogenic, neurogenic, and endothelic lineages. We hypothesized that combination of eNOS over-expression and transplantation of ADSCs could restore NO bioavailability and improve cardiac function in infarcted hearts. Here with several lines of experimental evidences, we demonstrated that ADSCs with eNOS overexpression induced eNOS expression in host endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, both in vitro and in vivo. This effect was possibly mediated by calcium signal. Transplantation of ADSCs with eNOS embedded showed great therapeutic efficacy in reduction of infarcted size, compared with normal ADSC. Results of this study suggest that ADSCs could be an attractive vehicle for the exogenous eNOS expression into heart after infarction, which is beneficial to restoration of cardiac function. Paracrine effect by mobilizing the host endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells may be the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect.     

Adipose tissue-derived stem cells as a therapeutic tool for cardiovascular disease

Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are adult stem cells that can be easily harvested from subcutaneous adipose tissue. Many studies have demonstrated that ADSCs differentiate into vascular endothelial cells (VECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. However, ADSCs may fuse with tissue-resident cells and obtain the corresponding characteristics of those cells. If fusion occurs, ADSCs may express markers of VECs, VSMCs, and cardiomyocytes without direct differentiation into these cell types. ADSCs also produce a variety of paracrine factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1 that have proangiogenic and/or antiapoptotic activities. Thus, ADSCs have the potential to regenerate the cardiovascular system via direct differentiation into VECs, VSMCs, and cardiomyocytes, fusion with tissue-resident cells, and the production of paracrine factors. Numerous animal studies have demonstrated the efficacy of ADSC implantation in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), dilated cardiomyopathy, hindlimb ischemia, and stroke. Clinical studies regarding the use of autologous ADSCs for treating patients with AMI and ICM have recently been initiated. ADSC implantation has been reported as safe and effective so far. Therefore, ADSCs appear to be useful for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, the tumorigenic potential of ADSCs requires careful evaluation before their safe clinical application.     

Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a source of human hepatocytes

Recent observations indicate that several stem cells can differentiate into hepatocytes; thus, cell-based therapy is a potential alternative to liver transplantation. The goal of the present study was to examine the in vitro hepatic differentiation potential of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs). We used AT-MSCs from different age patients and found that, after incubation with specific growth factors (hepatocyte growth factor [HGF], fibroblast growth factor [FGF1], FGF4) the CD105(+) fraction of AT-MSCs exhibited high hepatic differentiation ability in an adherent monoculture condition. CD105(+) AT-MSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells revealed several liver-specific markers and functions, such as albumin production, low-density lipoprotein uptake, and ammonia detoxification. More importantly, CD105(+) AT-MSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells, after transplantation into mice incorporated into the parenchyma of the liver. CONCLUSION: Adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells that can be easily isolated, selected, and induced into mature, transplantable hepatocytes. The fact that they are easy to procure ex vivo in large numbers makes them an attractive tool for clinical studies in the context of establishing an alternative therapy for liver dysfunction.     

Adipose tissue-derived stem cells ameliorates dermal fibrosis in mouse models of scleroderma

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic potential of adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs) for limited cutaneous scleroderma(LS) in mouse models,Methods: ADSCs were isolated from pathogen-free female C57BL/6 mice and LS was induced in wild type(WT) C57BL/6 mice via daily injection of bleomycin(0.1 m L x 300 μg/m L) for 4 weeks; then the ADSCs were subcutaneously injected into the dorsal area in the model treatment group,and 100 μL of phosphate buffered saline(PBS) solution was injected into the same site in the model control group,Green fluorescent protein(GFP) was used to track the cells using an in vivo imaging system on days 7,14,21 and 28 after transplantation,All mice were sacrificed and histologic analyses were performed after 4 weeks,and the skin thickness,collagen deposition and the total content of hydroxyproline were evaluated,Additionally,immunohistochemistry were performed to compare the tissue expression and distribution of TGF-β1 and VEGF between the ADSCs treatment group and the treatment control group,Results: WT C57BL/6 LS mouse model were successfully established and GFP in vivo fluorescence imaging showed that the translated ADSCs survived at the local for at least 4 weeks,Compared with the control group,the ADSCs treatment group significantly attenuated bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis,reduced the skin thickness and the total content of hydroxyproline(P0.05),The ADSCs treatment group displayed significantly lower levels of TGF-β1 and higher levels of VEGF than the control group(P0.05),Conclusions: ADSCs may provide a feasible and practical treatment for autoimmune diseases such as LS and ameliorate dermal fibrosis.