P波最大时限及P波离散度预测阵发性房颤的价值

房颤 (AF)是临床常见的心律失常之一 ,大多转律后易反复发作 ,部分转为永久性AF。近年来 ,较多文献报道利用体表心电图和信号平均心电图预测AF的复发或评估药物及治疗AF的疗效。通过药物治疗转律或自动复律后 ,测定其P波最大时限 (themaximumdurationofthePwave ,Pmax)、P波离散度 (thedispersionofthePwave ,Pd)来预测AF的发生[1] 。我们对佩戴动态心电图 (DCG)的患者 ,通过测定 2 4小时之内发生并自行停止的阵发性AF发生前后的Pmax、Pd ,探讨Pmax、Pd对预测阵发性AF的价值。1　资料与方法1.1　一般资料　我们对 1996年 6月至 2…     

阵发性房颤及房性心律失常P波离散度的变化

P波离散度 (pdisp,Pd)是指同步 12导联心电图 ,测定的 P波最大时限 (Pmax)与最短时限 (Pmin)的差值 [1 ] ,文献报道 [2 ]Pd较 Pmax延长与阵发性房颤 (Af) ,房性心律失常 (AR ) (频发房性早搏 ,或多源性房性早搏伴 /不伴短阵房性心动过速 )密切。可以作为预测 Af,AR的一可靠指标 ,本文进一步探讨它们之间的关系。1　对象和方法1.1　对象　随机选择阵发性房颤或房性失常患者为观察组 ,其中男 16例 ,女 15例 ,平均年龄 5 0岁± 10 .3岁。其中冠心病 5例、风心病 2例、高血压 15例、糖尿病 3例、甲亢 5例、孤立性房颤 1例。健康者为对照组…     

β-受体阻滞剂对高血压伴阵发性房颤患者P波离散度及P波最长时限的影响

目的：探讨β-受体阻滞剂对高血压伴阵发性房颤患者P波最大时限（Pmax）及P波离散度（Pd）的影响。方法：高血压伴阵发性房颤患者60例被随机分为美托洛尔治疗组（A组，30例）和对照组（B组，30例），两组高血压降压治疗基本相同，都使用钙阻抗剂或ACEI类药。A组加用美托洛尔25-50mg／d。在治疗前、治疗后6个月分别测量Pmax和P波最短时间（Pmin），计算出Pd（Pd=Pmax—Pmin）。结果：治疗前两组Pmax和Pd比较无显著差异（P〉0．05）；治疗6个月A组的Pmax、Pd显著降低，与B组相同时间比较差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）；A组治疗前与治疗后6个月比较Pmax、Pd相差有显著性（P〈0．01）；而B组间相差不显著（P〉0．05）。A组房颤发作次数明显减少，与B组比较差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）。结论：胪受体阻滞剂治疗高血压伴阵发性房颤患者可明显降低Pmax、Pd,减少房颤发作次数。     

缬沙坦对高血压病伴阵发性房颤患者P波离散度的影响

目的　研究缬沙坦对高血压病伴阵发性房颤 (PAF)患者P波最大时限 (Pmax)和P波离散 (Pd)的影响 ,探讨缬沙坦的抗心律失常效应。方法　将 46例高血压病伴PAF患者随机分成缬沙坦治疗组 (2 3例 )和对照组 (2 3例 )。另设正常人 2 0例 (正常组 )为对照。在服药前、服药 4月分别测量Pmax及Pd ,并观察治疗后PAF发作情况。结果　高血压病伴PAF者Pmax及Pd分别为 (12 8 .3 3± 8. 49)ms、(4 6. 63± 9. 3 3 )ms ,均较正常人 [(10 2 . 9± 8. 61)ms、(2 8. 0 5± 7. 0 9)ms ,P均 <0 . 0 5 ]明显延长。服药第 4个月治疗组Pmax及Pd较治疗前明显缩短 (P均 <0 . 0 5 ) ,较对照组也明显缩短 (P <0 . 0 5 )。治疗第 4个月时治疗组PAF发作减少 10例 ,而对照组 5例有效。结论　高血压病伴PAF患者Pmax、Pd较正常人增大 ,缬沙坦可缩短Pmax及Pd并可能减少PAF的发作。     

酒石酸美托洛尔片对阵发性房颤患者P波离散度的影响

目的探讨酒石酸美托洛尔片对阵发性房颤(PAF)患者P波离散度(Pdisp)的影响。方法选取我院PAF患者84例,作为PAF组,再将其随机分成2个亚组,J组、A组,各42例,再选取同期窦性心律患者42例,为D组。J组给予酒石酸美托洛尔片治疗,A组给予胺碘酮治疗,疗程均为3个月。结果治疗前PAF组患者Pmax、Pdisp均明显高于D组(P<0.05)。治疗后两组Pmax、Pdisp均较治疗前有明显的降低,且J组治疗后Pmax、Pdisp降低程度明显高于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。J组患者治疗后Pmax、Pdisp降低程度明显高于A组(P<0.05)。J组患者治疗后复发率14.29%明显低于A组26.19%(P<0.05)。结论酒石酸美托洛尔片可有效降低PAF患者Pmax、Pdisp,有助于预防房颤的复发。     

P波离散度及左房大小与阵发性房颤的相关性研究

目的观察研究阵发性房颤(PAF)病人的体表心电图P波离散度(Pd),研究Pd、Pmax及LAD对PAF的预测价值。方法观察和测量64例PAF病人(观察组)的Pd、Pmax及LAD。并与60名健康者(对照组)对照分析。结果 PAF组的Pd及Pmax较对照组明显延长(P<0.05),Pmin与对照组无明显差异。PAF组LAD较对照组明显增大(P<0.05)。Pmax≥110ms时,预测PAF的敏感性为84.3%,特异性为83.9%,阳性预测值为81.4%;Pd≥40ms时,敏感性为83.3%,特异性为85.7%,阳性预测值为87.8%;当联合Pmax≥110ms与Pd≥40ms时,敏感性为80%,特异性为87%,阳性预测值为89%。结论 Pd、Pmax及LAD与PAF的发生有密切的联系。     

β-受体阻滞剂对高血压伴阵发性房颤患者P波离散度及P波最长时限的影响

目的:探讨β-受体阻滞剂对高血压伴阵发性房颤患者P波最大时限(Pmax)及P波离散度(Pd)的影响。方法:高血压伴阵发性房颤患者60例被随机分为美托洛尔治疗组(A组,30例)和对照组(B组,30例),两组高血压降压治疗基本相同,都使用钙阻抗剂或ACEI类药。A组加用美托洛尔25-50 mg/d。在治     

P波离散度和最大时限测定对阵发性房颤的预测价值

目的 探讨P波离散度(Pd)和最大时限(Pmax)测定对阵发性房颤(PAF)的预测价值.方法 选取2008年12月至2011年2月收治的50例PAF患者(PAF组)和50例无PAF病史的患者(对照组)为研究对象,2组均采用体表心电图和超声心动图检测,分析2组Pd、Pmax、左房内径(LAD)和左室射血分数(LVEF).结果 PAF组的Pd、Pmax显著大于对照组(P均＜0.05),2组的LAD、LVEF无统计学差异(P均＞0.05).以Pd≥40 ms及Pmax≥110 ms作为阳性标准,Pd在敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值方面均高于Pmax,但差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).联合检测其特异性和阳性预测值有提高趋势.结论 Pd、Pmax都可作为PAF的预测指标,二者联合检测更为可靠、准确.     

阵发性心房颤动患者P波离散度分析

为探讨P波离散度与阵发性心房颤动的关系及 胺碘酮对P波离散度的影响。我们测量了126例阵发 性心房颤动患者窦性心律的12导联心电图的P_(max)及 P波离散度(Pdisp),用胺碘酮后再次测量P_(max)及 Pdisp。结果证明,Pdisp是预测阵发性心房颤动的体 表心电图的可靠指标,胺碘酮可降低P波离散度,可 预防心房颤动发作。     

P波离散度与阵发性房颤及房性心律失常的关系探讨

P波离散度(Pd)是近年提出的预测阵发性房颤(Af)和快速型房性心律失常(AE)新的体表心电图指标,旨在探讨它们之间的关系及临床意义。     

P wave dispersion on 12-lead electrocardiography in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

The prolongation of intraatrial and interatrial conduction time and the inhomogeneous propagation of sinus impulses have been shown in patients with atrial fibrillation. Recently P wave dispersion (PWD), which is believed to reflect inhomogeneous atrial conduction, has been proposed as being useful for the prediction of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). Ninety consecutive patients (46 men, 44 women; aged 55 +/- 13 years) with a history of idiopathic PAF and 70 healthy subjects (42 men, 28 women; mean age 53 +/- 14 years) were studied. The P wave duration was calculated in all 12 leads of the surface ECG. The difference between the maximum and minimum P wave duration was calculated and this difference was defined as P wave dispersion (PWD = Pmax-Pmin). All patients and controls were also evaluated by echocardiography to measure the left atrial diameter and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). There was no difference between patients and controls in gender (P = 0.26), age (P = 0.12), LVEF (66 +/- 4% vs 67 +/- 5%, P = 0.8) and left atrial diameter (36 +/- 4 mm vs 34 +/- 6 mm, P = 0.13). P maximum duration was found to be significantly higher in patients with a history of PAF (116 +/- 17 ms) than controls (101 +/- 11 ms, P < 0.001). P wave dispersion was also significantly higher in patients than in controls (44 +/- 15 ms vs 27 +/- 10 ms, P < 0.001). There was a weak correlation between age and P wave dispersion (r = 0.27, P < 0.001). A P maximum value of 106 ms separated patients with PAF from control subjects with a sensitivity of 83%, a specificity of 72%, and a positive predictive accuracy of 79%. A P wave dispersion value of 36 ms separated patients from control subjects with a sensitivity of 77%, a specificity of 82%, and a positive predictive accuracy of 85%. In conclusion, P maximum duration and P wave dispersion calculated on a standard surface ECG are simple ECG markers that could be used to identify the patients with idiopathic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.     

P波离散度对高血压病并发阵发性心房颤动患者的预测价值

目的　探讨P波离散度(Pd)对高血压病患者阵发性心房颤动的预测价值。方法　Ⅰ组38例,为有阵发 性心房颤动病史的高血压病患者;Ⅱ组54例,为无阵发性心房颤动病史的高血压病患者。同步记录窦性心律时12导 联心电图,分别测定12导联P波时限[Pd=最大P波时限(Pmax)-最小P波时限(Pmin)],超声心动图测定左心房内径 (LAD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVD)和左心室射血分数(LVEF)。以Pd≥40ms为阳性标准,检测阵发性心房颤动的 阳性率、灵敏性、特异性。结果　Pmax:Ⅰ组显著高于Ⅱ组[Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组比较:(127±15)ms对(110±12)ms,P< 0.001];Pd:Ⅰ组显著高于Ⅱ组[Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组比较:(53±13)ms对(39±10)ms,P<0.01];LAD:Ⅰ组高于Ⅱ组[Ⅰ 组与Ⅱ组比较:(46±9)mm对(41±7)mm,P<0.05];LVEF:Ⅰ组低于Ⅱ组[Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组比较:(51±6)%对 (58±6)%,P<0.05];Pmin、LVD两组差别无统计学意义。单因素回归分析显示:除LVD外,Pmax、Pd、LAD和 LVEF均是阵发性心房颤动的预测因子。多因素回归分析显示:Pd是阵发性心房颤动的独立预测因子。以Pd≥40 ms为阳性标准,检测阵发性心房颤动的Ⅰ组阳性率显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.01),灵敏性84.2%、特异性85.2%。结论　 Pd是高血压病患者发生阵发性心房颤动的独立预测因子,预测价值高。     

P波离散度与原发性高血压病合并阵发性心房颤动关系的临床分析

目的:探讨P波离散度(Pd)与高血压病合并阵发性心房颤动(房颤)的临床关系。方法:测量57例高血压合并阵发性房颤患者(Ⅰ组)窦性心律时12导联心电图的P波离散度[Pd=最大P波时限(Pmax)-最小P波时限(Pmin)],超声心动图测定左心房内径(LAD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVD)和左心室射血分数(LVEF),并与单纯高血压组(Ⅱ组)55例比较。检测阵发性房颤的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值。结果:PmaxⅠ组显著高于Ⅱ组[(121.5±16.3)msvs(107.3±10.3)ms,P<0.05];PdⅠ组显著高于Ⅱ组(45.3±12.7)msvs(24.7±10.5)ms,P<0.05);两组间Pmin、LAD、LVEF差异无显著性。Pmax>100ms预测的敏感性为89.5/,特异性为80.0/;Pd≥40ms预测的敏感性为86.0/,特异性为75.9/;Pmax>100ms Pd≥40ms的敏感性为78.5/,特异性为88.9/。结论:P波离散度是高血压病患者合并阵发性房颤的敏感性和特异性较高的预测指标之一。     

关于急性心肌梗死并发阵发性心房颤动与P波离散度的关系

目的探讨急性心肌梗死并发阵发性心房颤动与P波最大时间（Pmax）、P波离散度（Pd）的关系。方法观察33例急性心肌梗死并发阵发性心房颤动患者和25例单纯急性心肌梗死患者的Pmax、Pd。结果两组Pmax（123．99±3．61ms、110．37±2．58ms）、Pd（45．82±2．93ms、29．13±3．57ms）差异均有显著性意义（P〈0．01）;Pmax≥120ms和Pd≥40ms预测心房颤动的敏感性分别为92％和96％,特异性分别为91％和95％。结论Pmax延长和Pd增加可预测急性心肌梗死并发心房颤动的危险眭。     

经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术对风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者血浆B型钠尿肽水平的影响

目的探讨经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术(PBMV)对风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者血浆B型钠尿肽(BNP)水平的影响。方法选取行PBMV的患者20例设为观察组,检测术前、术后20 min及24 h的血浆BNP水平;另选择健康体检者20例为对照组,检测血浆BNP水平,分析其与血流动力学参数的相关性。结果观察组术后20 min、24 h血浆BNP浓度逐渐下降,各时间点之间差异有统计学意义(P0.01);组间比较,观察组术前及术后不同时间点BNP浓度均显著高于对照组(P0.01)。术后20 min,观察组肺动脉收缩压(PAP)和左心房压(MLAP)、左心房内径(LAD)较术前降低,二尖瓣口心面积(MVA)较术前增加(P0.01),右心房压(MRAP)无显著变化(P0.05);术后24 h,MVA较术前增加,LAD减少(P0.01),与术后20 min比较无显著变化(P0.05)。术前及术后20 min,观察组血浆BNP浓度与PAP(r=0.473、0.457,P0.05或P0.01)和MLAP(r=0.446、0.457,P0.05)呈正相关。结论风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者血浆BNP浓度与PAP和MLAP呈正相关,BNP水平变化对评价PBMV后左心房功能具有参考价值。     

Imaging in mitral stenosis: assessment before,during and after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty

Detailed assessment of mitral valve morphology is required to select patients for successful percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV). The mitral valve is routinely imaged using transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, which have more recently been supplemented with magnetic resonance imaging, 3D echocardiography and intracardiac echocardiography. The scope of PBMV is expanding and it is increasingly used for patients previously considered to have unfavorable mitral morphology. Here we review the evidence to support the examination of each component of the mitral valve and its surrounding structures and the advantages of each imaging modality. Appropriate echocardiographic views are recommended and periprocedural and postprocedural imaging techniques are discussed.     

经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术治疗风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者长期疗效

目的　评价经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术 (PBMV)后远期疗效。方法　对 10 7例患者接受PBMV术治疗后进行随访 ,包括超声心动图和临床心功能评价 ,平均随访时间 (5 .3± 1.6 )年。结果　超声心动图的术前、术后 7天内、随诊的二尖瓣面积、左房内径、二尖瓣跨瓣压力阶差分别为 (1.0 4± 0 .2 1)mm2 、(4 6± 6 )mm、(18± 7)mmHg(1mmHg=0 .133kPa) ;(1.73± 0 .2 7)mm2 、(4 4± 8)mm、(8± 4 )mmHg ;(1.6 3± 0 .2 4 )mm2 、(38± 6 )mm、(10± 4 )mmHg。术前与术后 7天内相比P <0 .0 1,术前与随访相比P <0 .0 1,再狭窄率为 10 % ,心功能改善并维持Ⅰ、Ⅱ级有 86 .9%(93例 )。结论　PBMV治疗风心病二尖瓣狭窄的远期效果良好 ,未见严重并发症。     

最大P波时限及P波离散度对预测特发性房颤的价值

目的：探讨最大Ｐ波时限及Ｐ波离散度（最大、最小Ｐ波时限之差）对特发性房颤的预测价值。方法：对２０例有特发性房颤病史者及２０例年龄、性别匹配的健康者,行１２导联同步体表心电图记录,测定最大Ｐ波时限及Ｐ波离散度。结果：在特发性房颤组,最大Ｐ波时限及Ｐ波离散度均较对照组增大（Ｐ〈０．０１）,最大Ｐ波时限〉１１０ｍｓ、Ｐ波离散度〉４０ｍｓ以及两者相结合对特发性房颤预测的敏感性和特异性分别为９０％、８５％和７５％及８０％、８５％和９０％。结论：最大Ｐ波时限及Ｐ波离散度可用于预测特发性房颤。     

Percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty reduces mean platelet volume in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis

Abstract

Background. Rheumatic mitral stenosis (RMS) is associated with increased thromboembolic event, especially in the presence of concomitant atrial fibrillation. In addition, increased platelet activity including elevated mean platelet volume (MPV) has been demonstrated in patients with RMS. It has also been reported that percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV) attenuates platelet activity. However, the impact of PMBV on MPV has never been studied. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate whether PMBV decreases MPV in patients with RMS. Methods. In the present study, MPV was measured in 20 patients with RMS planned for PMBV just before and 1 month after the procedure. Twenty sex- and age- matched apparently healthy controls were used for comparison. Mitral valve area (MVA), transmitral gradient (TMG) and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) were measured using transthoracic echocardiography. Results. As compared to apparently healthy controls, patients with RMS had higher MPV (9.05?±?1.26 vs. 7.56?±?0.74 fl, p <?0.001). All patients with RMS underwent successful PMBV. One month after the procedure, MVA, TMG and PAP were reduced significantly (p <?0.0001). As compared to values obtained before the procedure, white blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit remained unchanged. However, 1 month after the procedure platelet count had increased (p <?0.05) and MPV decreased significantly (to 7.78?±?0.59, p <?0.0001). PMBV induced an absolute decrease in MPV more than 0.2 fl in 19 of 20 patients (95%). Conclusions. As compared to apparently healthy controls, patients with RMS have higher MPV reflecting increased platelet activity, and PMBV is associated with a significant decrease in MPV 1 month after the procedure.     

Increased variance of P wave duration on the electrocardiogram distinguishes patients with idiopathic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

We hypothesized that the variance of P wave duration (P variance) in the 12-lead ECG could reflect the spatial dispersion of P wave duration due to inhomogeneous and delayed propagation of sinus impulses in the atria, and moreover could present better reproducibility than maximum P wave duration and P wave dispersion that have already been used for the prediction of idiopathic paroxysmal AF. We also tested a semiautomated PC-based method to improve the accuracy and reproducibility of P wave measurements. A 12-lead ECG was obtained from 60 patients with idiopathic paroxysmal AF and from 50 healthy controls. All ECGs were analyzed manually using magnifying lens and calipers, while 20 randomly selected ones were scanned and analyzed on screen using common commercial software. P maximum, P dispersion, and P variance were all significantly higher in patients with paroxysmal AF than in controls. A P maximum value of 110 ms, a P dispersion value of 40 ms, and a P variance value of 120 ms2 separated patients from controls with a sensitivity of 88%, 83%, and 80%, respectively and a specificity of 75%, 85%, and 74%, respectively. The reproducibility of P variance was higher compared to P dispersion and P maximum. Finally, the PC-based method significantly increased accuracy and reproducibility of P wave measurements. Thus, the variance of P wave duration could be a useful ECG marker for the prediction of paroxysmal idiopathic AF and the use of PC-based methods may enhance the accurate measuring of P wave duration on the ECG.