Pyrogenicity and Immunogenicity of Lipid A Complexed with Bovine Serum Albumin or Human Serum Albumin

The lipid A component of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins), when complexed to bovine serum albumin (BSA) or human serum albumin (HSA), was shown to be a potent pyrogen. Furthermore, rabbits could be protected against endotoxin fever by immunization with both lipid A.BSA and lipid A.HSA complexes. The results presented in this paper show that lipid A is responsible for the pyrogenic activity of endotoxins and their ability to induce pyrogenic immunity.     

两种治疗肝硬化低蛋白血症方案的成本—效果分析

目的 比较应用重组人生长激素（rhGH)和人血清白蛋白（HSA）治疗肝硬化低蛋白血症的疗效、不良反应及成本－效果对比。方法 运用药物经济学成本－效果分析方法,对rhGH和HSA治疗肝硬化低蛋白血症的疗效及成本进行评价。结果 rhGH和HSA治疗肝硬化低蛋白血症,治疗后第4周有效率分别为75．0％、83．3％,成本效果比分别为68．4、51．0。治疗后第8周有效率分别为87．5％、54．2％,成本效果比分别为55．0、78．5。结论 rhGH能有效治疗肝硬化低蛋白血症,能明显提高白蛋白含量并有较长的疗效,从远期看,成本效果比优于HSA。     

两种治疗肝硬化低蛋白血症方案的成本-效果分析

目的比较应用重组人生长激素(rhGH) 和人血清白蛋白(HSA)治疗肝硬化低蛋白血症的疗效、不良反应及成本-效果对比.方法运用药物经济学成本-效果分析方法,对rhGH和HSA治疗肝硬化低蛋白血症的疗效及成本进行评价.结果 rhGH和HSA治疗肝硬化低蛋白血症,治疗后第4周有效率分别为75.0%、83.3%,成本效果比分别为68.4、51.0;治疗后第8周有效率分别为87.5%、54.2%,成本效果比分别为55.0、78.5.结论 rhGH能有效治疗肝硬化低蛋白血症,能明显提高白蛋白含量并有较长的疗效,从远期看,成本效果比优于HSA.     

甘草酸表面修饰万乃洛韦白蛋白纳米粒的制备及其肝靶向性研究

以万乃洛韦为模型药物 ,去溶剂化法制备普通载药纳米粒 ,结合高碘酸盐氧化法制备甘草酸 -万乃洛韦白蛋白纳米粒偶联物。对其表面甘草酸密度、形态、大小及其分布、体外释药特性、载药量、包封率、动物体内肝分布和体外肝细胞的摄取情况进行了研究。修饰纳米粒表面甘草酸密度为 9;平均粒径 d0 .5=2 6 8± 2 3nm;载药量1.35 % ;包封率 6 8.76 % ;体外释药符合双相动力学规律 ;对肝细胞具有选择靶向性。静注 15 min后 ,有 6 9.89%集中在肝脏 ,对照组为 6 4 .82 % ,二者之间存在显著差异 (P<0 .10 )。甘草酸表面修饰白蛋白纳米粒制备成功 ,为肝细胞靶向给药提供了新途径。     

Graves病131I治疗一次性成功患者的TRAb变化规律及预后价值

分析Graves病131 I治疗一次性成功后,患者血清促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)的动态变化规律及其预后价值.采取131 I一次剂量法治疗Graves病257例.其中一次性治愈患者175例,男43例,女132例,年龄19～78岁,平均40.6±18.2岁.131 I治疗平均活度207.2±66.6MBq(5.6±1.8 mCi).在治疗前和治疗后每隔三个月分别测定患者血清TRAb值,分析其动态变化规律.结果表明:(1)所有患者治疗前TRAb均阳性;(2)60.6%的患者131 I治疗后血清TRAb一过性升高,然后逐渐下降至正常,临床缓解平稳;(3)16.0%的患者TRAb反跳性升高后,下降缓慢,临床缓解亦缓慢,但未复发;(4)9.7%的患者TRAb无升高,呈持续性下降,预后佳}(5)13.7%的患者TRAb先后两次反跳性升高,并出现甲减.结论:监测血清TRAb动态变化,有助于Graves病131 I治疗后对临床转归和预后的判断.     

Synthesis of Serum Albumin in Isolated Rat Liver Perfused by a Synthetic Medium with Fluorocarbon FG–80 Emulsion as Oxygen Carrier

A fluorocarbon emulsion FC-80 has been used as a substitute for erythrocytes in a synthetic nutrition medium in in vitro perfusions of isolated rat livers. The rate of albumin synthesis was estimated. After the first hour albumin was synthesised at a constant rate of 0.52 + 0.17 mg/h per 100 g of the body weight of the liver donor. ¹⁴C-lysine was incorporated into the circulating proteins linearly after the first hour. Other parameters tested were: levels of circulating proteins, urea nitrogen, glucose, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, excretion of bile, weight changes of the liver, and level of glycogen in liver tissue after perfusion. Histological examinations were also performed. The function of the liver was comparable with the findings of other investigators who used whole blood as the perfusate. As far as we are aware this is the first time that a rat liver has been maintained in good functional condition for over 6 hours during in vitro perfusions with a synthetic medium that included an erythrocyte substitute. The method seems to offer great advantages for the study of metabolic processes.     

The Fate of [131I]Labelled Antigens in the Skin of Normal Guinea-Pigs and those with Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity

A comparison was made of the retention of three antigens PPD (protein purified derivative of tuberculin), HSA (human serum albumin) and HGG (human γ globulin) labelled with ¹³¹I in the skin of normal guinea-pigs. It was found that PPD was eliminated more rapidly than HSA or HGG in the first 24 hours after skin test. In contrast PPD was found to be more readily adsorbed to collagen and cellular tissues in vitro.

The retention of these antigens at 24 hours in normal and sensitized guinea-pigs was also compared. It was found that PPD was retained in the tuberculin lesion as compared with normal skin, whereas HSA was eliminated more rapidly from a delayed-type hypersensitivity lesion to HSA when compared with normal skin. It was concluded that retention of PPD was probably not specific to delayed-type hypersensitivity but was related to the difference in character and severity of the inflammatory process, which itself was related to the chemical nature of the antigen involved.

     

Production of Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells in the Rat following Immunization with Human Serum Albumin

The lymphoid tissue response to immunization with human serum albumin has been studied in rats. No change was found in the total circulating blood lymphocytes or the hourly output of lymphocytes from thoracic duct fistulae in the immunized rats compared to the controls. The number of cells in the thoracic duct lymph synthesizing DNA was the same in the two groups of rats. The specific activities of the spleen DNAP and RNAP and the lymph node RNAP were significantly higher in the immunized rats.

A considerable proliferation of the plasma cells occurred in the nodes and spleen of the immunized rats. Evidence is presented to show that the mature plasma cell is an end cell and that there is a high rate of turnover of these cells in the nodes. The analysis of the DNAP and RNAP specific activity results is discussed in relation to the inert and active DNA mass in the tissue. Observations have been made on the effects of giving Freund's adjuvant alone to rats, in particular the cystic changes that occurred in the caecal nodes.

     

Graves病患者^131I治疗前后血清IL-8水平的变化及相关研究

通过测定G raves病（GD）患者^131I治疗前后血清IL-8水平及FT3/IL-8和FT4/IL-8比值的变化,并分析比较治疗前后血清IL-8与TRAb及甲状腺功能变化,探求IL-8与GD发生、发展机制的关系及可否将其作为判断GD治疗疗效及预后的指标。共检测138份血样,其中,40名为正常对照,98例为GD患者。采用放射免疫法（R IA）检测血清TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4、TRAb及IL-8含量,采用免疫放射定量分析法（IRMA）对hTSH进行检测。结果显示：①GD初发组治疗前,血清IL-8水平明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）;治疗后3个月、6个月血清IL-8检测值明显降低（P〈0.01）,治疗后18个月,血清IL-8接近正常水平;②GD复发组血清IL-8水平明显高于对照组和缓解组（P〈0.01）;③GD患者血清FT3/IL-8和FT4/IL-8比值较对照组明显增高,治疗后3个月下降至对照组水平;④GD患者血清IL-8水平与TRAb呈正相关。结论：①GD患者的免疫功能恢复滞后于其本身的甲状腺功能;②FT3/IL-8和FT4/IL-8比值较IL-8单一指标更符合甲状腺的功能状况;③IL-8可能在GD的发病中起重要作用,可作为GD患者^131I治疗后观察疗效、判断预后及了解免疫功能恢复状况的有效指标。     

Increased Amount of Serum Type IV Colagen Peptide n Human Liver Fibrosis as Determined by Enzyme-Immunoassay with MonoclonaI Antibodies

Chronic liver injury by various toxic agents causes an increase in collagen biosynthetic activity, resulting in deposition of excessive amounts of collagen and rearrangement of the lobular architecture leading to hepatocellular dysfunction and portal hypertension. The authors have developed sandwich enzyme immunoassay for human serum type IV collagen peptide using monoclonal antibody as a marker of fibrogenesis and examined the relationship between the amount of this collagen peptide and hepatic disorders including chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Sera from patients with chronic active hepatitis or liver cirrhosis were used after confirmation of the his-topathological diagnosis. Control sera were obtained from healthy subjects without any serological abnormality in liver function tests. Serum type IV collagen peptide levels were significantly higher in patients with chronic hepatic disorders associated with fibrosis than in healthy subjects. This non-invasive enzyme immunoassay gave reproducible quantitation, and serum type IV collagen peptide was concluded to be a useful, and reproducible marker for the early detection of fibrogenesis in the liver. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 217–223. 1989.     

应用活体冷冻技术研究活体小鼠心脏微循环

目的：分别用传统组织制备方法与活体冷冻技术（in vivo cryotechnique,IVCT）联合冷冻置换制备方法制备样本,对比研究小鼠心外膜下微循环内血流、红细胞及血清蛋白在心脏的免疫定位分布。方法：实验分三组,活体冷冻组（IVCT）、浸泡固定组（immersion dehydration fixation,IM-DH）及灌流固定组（perfusion dehydration fixation,PF-DH）,每组8只小鼠,分别对跳动的小鼠心脏进行活体冷冻技术联合冷冻置换,浸泡固定及灌流固定,制作的组织样本分别进行苏木素-伊红染色、免疫组织化学染色以及双重免疫荧光染色,光镜及共聚焦荧光显微镜观察,对结果进行对比分析。结果：IVCT从组织形态学水平显示微血管内流动状态的血流,即单行排列的顶端指向血流方向的成串的降落伞型红细胞,以及微血管分流和汇合处;血清白蛋白和免疫球蛋白不但通过微血管壁进入细胞间隙,白蛋白还单独分布在心肌细胞间的特殊结构闰盘和心肌细胞表面的T小管。结论：IVCT实现了从免疫组织化学水平显示活体状态小鼠心脏的微循环;心肌细胞间的闰盘及心肌细胞表面的T小管对血清蛋白具有分子大小选择性。     

甲状腺重量及血清TSH浓度对小剂量~(131)I治疗甲亢疗效的影响

目的 :评价甲状腺重量及血清TSH浓度对小剂量1 3 1 I治疗甲状腺功能亢进症 (甲亢 )疗效的影响。方法 :患者治疗前均行甲状腺SPECT扫描并检测血清FT3、FT4、TSH浓度 ;1 3 1 I治疗的剂量为常规剂量的 1 2～ 2 3。结果 :①治疗前一次给药组TSH浓度为 0 .10± 0 .34mμ·L- 1 ,重复给药组为 0 .0 4± 0 .10mμ·L- 1 ,两者差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;②治疗前甲状腺的重量一次给药组为 5 1.2 2± 2 6 .0 9g ,重复给药组 87.34± 6 3.6 9g ,两者差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 0 0 1)。结论 :小剂量1 3 1 I治疗甲亢的疗效良好 ,多数患者能一次治愈 ,但对于大甲状腺患者或血清TSH浓度很低者则需多次治疗。     

Anaplasmosis in Uganda. I. Use of Dried Blood on Filter Paper and Serum Samples for Serodiagnosis of Anaplasmosis—a Comparative Study

The suitability of blood collected on filter papers in comparison with corresponding conventional serum samples in the diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis was studied using the Complement Fixation Test (CFT), DOT-ELISA, Western immunoblot and Rapid Card Agglutination Test (RCAT). Dried blood on Whatman filter paper no. I was eluted in 1.8 ml of PBS 0.05% Tween 20 given an initial dilution of 1:100.
The reactivity in both DOT-ELISA and Western immunoblotting was similar to that obtained with the sera diluted 1:100. Filter paper samples gave lower reactivity in all the tests as compared with corresponding serum samples. There was no significant difference in the reactivity between the eluates from filter papers stored at room temperature and those stored at 4°C. Storage at room temperature did not significantly affect reactivity for up to 6 months. Eluates from filter papers stored for 6 months at room temperature continued to give similar reactivity to those from freshly prepared filter papers in both DOT-ELISA and Western blot, and in the Rapid Card Agglutination Test.
It is concluded that collecting blood on filter papers is a suitable technique for large-scale screening and for seroepidemiological studies on anaplasmosis, and offers many advantages especially in developing countries where transport and cold chain facilities are a major constraint.     

高压氧对人重症牙周炎牙龈血流量、血流速度和血浓度作用及机理研究

目的 :探讨高压氧 (HBO)对人重症牙周炎牙龈血流量 (GBF)、血流速度 (BCV)和血浓度 (BC)的作用及HBO治疗牙周炎的机理。方法 :选自口腔中心门诊的 3 0例重症牙周炎患者 ,随机分为二组 ,即治疗组和对照组 ,治疗组用HBO治疗 ,对照组用漱口液漱口。用激光多普勒血流仪测定二组治疗前后的GBF、BCV和BC。结果 :HBO能使牙周炎患者GBF增加 2 .1倍 ,BCV增加 6.7倍 ,BC降低为治疗前的 5 8.2 % ,与对照组比均有非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :HBO能使牙周炎患者GBF和BCV增加 ,BC减少 ,能改善牙龈微循环 ,对治疗牙周炎有积极意义     

131I和99mTc-MIBI全身显像联合血清Tg和CEA检测在分化型甲状腺癌131I治疗随访中的应用

目的:评价131I-WBS和99mTc-MIBI全身显像联合血清Tg和CEA检测在分化型甲状腺癌术后放射性131I治疗随访中的应用价值.方法:48例DTC患者均行手术治疗并经131I治疗后(3～6)个月随访复查131I-WBS和血清Tg和CEA测定,131I-WBS显像阴性者于治疗后1年行99mTc-MIBI全身显像....