^1H-MRS在脑胶质瘤致性与侵袭性研究中的应用

癫是脑胶质瘤病人常见的,甚至是唯一的症状,侵袭性生长是胶质瘤主要的生物学特点。目前人们对脑胶质瘤致性及侵袭性的研究主要集中在动物实验及基础研究阶段,随着MRS技术的不断发展,^1H-MRS将越来越多地应用于脑胶质瘤的研究中。就^1H-MRS的成像原理及其在脑胶质瘤致性与侵袭性研究中的应用予以综述。     

18F-FDG PET/CT脑显像与EEG用于颞叶癫(癎)灶术前定位

目的 对比研究18F-FDG PET/CT脑显像与EEG对颞叶癫(癎)灶术前定位的价值.方法 回顾性分析临床诊断为颞叶癫(癎)的患者152例,其中男108例,女44例,年龄范围3～59岁.所有患者行18F-FDG PET/CT脑显像和长程和(或)视频EEG检查,其中29例无法准确定位者行颅内电极EEG检查.所有患者行手术治疗,手术切除组织行病理检查,以术后病理为“金标准”,术后随访6个月以上.用x2检验对PET/CT脑显像及长程和(或)视频EEG的准确性进行统计学分析.结果 152例患者PET/CT脑显像定位致(癎)灶的准确性为80.92％ (123/152),长程和(或)视频EEG定位致(癎)灶准确性为43.42％ (66/152),2种检查方法定位致(癎)灶的准确性差异有统计学意义(x2=22.72,P＜0.01),29例术前无法准确定位的患者行颅内电极EEG定位致(癎)灶,其准确性为100％.结论 发作间期18F-FDG PET/CT脑显像定位癫(癎)灶价值优于长程和(或)视频EEG,与颅内电极EEG联合使用,可进一步提高对致(癎)灶定位的准确性.     

联合~1H-MRS及DTI在脑胶质瘤级别的应用

目的联合应用~1H-MRS及DTI在脑胶质瘤病理级别和侵袭性的研究。方法把55例术后病理证实的脑胶质瘤患者分为高低级别两组,并对肿瘤实质~1H-MRS比值及DTI各参数进行组间和组内差异性分析。结果高、低级别脑胶质瘤实质区Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA两者比值有显著差异及相关性(P0.01);FA及rFA值亦有显著差异及相关性(P0.01)。结论 Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA比值、FA及rFA值为术前脑胶质瘤分级提供重要参考价值。     

脑胶质瘤1H-MRS的应用与VEGF、MMP-9及uPA表达的相关性研究

目的 探讨脑胶质瘤氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)特征与肿瘤病理级别和侵袭性的关系及与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-9和尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂(uPA)表达的相关性.方法 55例术后病理证实的脑胶质瘤患者分为高、低级别2组,并对肿瘤实质1H-MRS比值进行组间和组内差异性分析.检测脑胶质瘤中的MMP-9、VEGF及uPA的表达情况,探讨三者与1H-MRS比值变化的相关性.结果 高、低级别脑胶质瘤实质区胆碱/肌酸(Cho/Cr)、胆碱/N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(Cho/NAA)两者比值有显著差异及相关性(P<0.01),VEGF、MMP-9肿瘤表达具有显著差异(P<0.01),与前者存在显著相关性(P<0.01),而NAA/Cr比值及uPA表达均无明显差异及相关性(P>0.05).结论 VEGF、MMP-9在脑胶质瘤发生发展中具有重要促进作用,Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA比值为术前脑胶质瘤分级提供重要参考价值,间接反映了VEGF、MMP-9的表达.     

颞叶癫(癎)的SPECT及质子MR波谱与术后病理对照研究

颞叶癫(癎)(temporal lobe epilepsy,TLE)占药物难治性癫(癎)的60％～70％,手术切除致(癎)灶是有效的治疗方法,而成功的关键在于术前致病灶的准确定位[1-2].本研究将SPECT和质子磁共振波谱(1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1HMRS)的定位表现与病理检查结果进行对比分析,探讨2种影像学技术在单侧TLE致(癎)灶定位中的临床价值,现报道如下. 一、资料与方法 1.临床资料.收集2006年至2009年于本院行致(癎)灶定位评估并通过手术治疗取得良好疗效的难治性TLE患者29例.     

线粒体脑肌病患者癫(癎)特点分析

 目的 探索线粒体脑肌病患者癫(癎)发作特点.方法 结合脑电图、头颅MRI检查结果,对9例明确诊断为线粒体脑肌病患者的癫(癎)发作特征、发作类型进行总结分析.结果 9例患者累计癫(癎)发作17次,其中70.6%(12/17)为频繁发作.(癎)性发作表现为多种形式,其中视觉症状多见,占29.4%(5/17).结合脑电图结果分析,局灶性癫(癎)发作78.6%(11/14),全面性癫(癎)发作14.3%(2/14),持续性癫(癎)发作占7.1%(1/14);枕叶癫(癎)占41.2%(12/17),颞叶癫(癎)占11.8%(2/17),额叶或顶叶癫(癎)17.6%(3/17),与MRI显示的颅内病灶相一致.结论 线粒体脑肌病患者的癫(癎)发作,较为频繁,以视觉症状为突出表现;以局灶性发作,枕叶癫(癎)多见,与头颅MRI结果相一致.     

Cho/Cr-n相对值测定在脑脓肿与坏死囊性变胶质瘤和脑转移瘤鉴别诊断中的价值

目的运用多体素2D1HMRS,探讨胆碱复合物/对侧相应正常脑白质区肌酸(Cho/Cr-n)相对值测定在脑脓肿与坏死囊性变胶质瘤和脑转移瘤鉴别诊断中的价值。资料与方法对经手术病理证实的12例脑脓肿与20例坏死囊性变胶质瘤和脑转移瘤患者,在术前行常规MRI检查及2D1HMRS,测量感兴趣区(ROI)的胆碱(Cho)和肌酸(Cr)相对值,并计算Cho/Cr-n相对值。结果脑脓肿的Cho/Cr-n相对值(1.12±0.25)明显低于坏死囊性变胶质瘤和脑转移瘤的上述指标(2.76±0.73和2.59±0.47)(P<0.01)。结论多体素2D1HMRS的Cho/Cr-n相对值测定在脑脓肿与坏死囊性变胶质瘤和脑转移瘤鉴别诊断中具有重要价值。     

颅骨钻孔硬脑膜下电极置入视频脑电监测在致癎灶定位中的应用

 目的 探讨颅骨钻孔硬脑膜下电极置入视频脑电图监测定位致癎灶的效果、并发症及其致癎灶切除手术的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2006-11至2013-10火箭军总医院65例颅骨钻孔硬脑膜下电极置入视频脑电图监测定位致癎灶的病例资料。结果 明确定位致癎灶65例(100%)。出现并发症1例(1.54%),为局部脑组织挫伤。死亡1例(1.54%)。65例全部施行了致癎灶切除性手术,或切除性手术+阻断癫癎放电传播性手术。术后平均随访期(24.8 ± 10.5)个月。根据Engel手术效果分级,Ⅰ级40例(61.54%),Ⅱ级9例(13.85%),Ⅲ级12例(18.46%),Ⅳ级4例(6.15%),发作控制良好(Ⅰ+Ⅱ级)的共49例(75.38%),手术疗效良好。结论 颅骨钻孔硬脑膜下电极置入视频脑电图监测致癎灶定位效果良好,安全性高,出现永久性神经功能障碍的可能小,病死率低,该方法定位致癎灶后,致癎灶切除手术效果良好。     

癫(癎)发作间期脑血流灌注功能与脑组织损伤程度相关性研究

目的 探讨癫(癎)患者抗癫(癎)药物治疗期间不同疗效状态下,发作间期致(癎)灶局部血流灌注和脑细胞功能低下与脑组织损伤程度的相关性.方法 按随机数字表法随机选择48例癫(癎)发作间期患者,采用双抗体夹心ELISA法测血清S-100β蛋白的水平,SPECT脑血流显像测定局部脑血流量,并与30例对照者进行比较.采用SPSS...     

DCE-MRI在高级别脑胶质瘤与脑转移瘤中的鉴别诊断

目的 探讨动态对比增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)在鉴别高级别脑胶质瘤与脑转移瘤中的价值.方法 收集青岛大学附属医院经手术病理证实的高级别脑胶质瘤27例、脑转移瘤46例,所有患者术前均行颅脑增强MRI和DCE-MRI检查.利用血流动力学双室模型对各组数据进行定量分析,获取肿瘤实性成分及瘤周水肿区(瘤周1 cm内)的血流动力学参数[转运系数(Ktrans)、血管外细胞外间隙容积分数(Ve)、血管空间容积分数(Vp)],经统计学分析,比较各参数是否存在统计学差异.结果 高级别脑胶质瘤肿瘤实性成分与脑转移瘤肿瘤实性成分的Ktrans值、Ve值、Vp值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).高级别脑胶质瘤瘤周水肿区Ktrans值、Ve值明显高于脑转移瘤瘤周水肿区,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),高级别脑胶质瘤瘤周水肿区Vp值略低于脑转移瘤水肿区,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 DCE-MRI通过定量分析瘤周水肿区渗透参数,可以鉴别高级别脑胶质瘤与脑转移瘤.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.