Current Facts About the Animal Food Products Safety Situation in Nigeria

The production, handling, sales, and consumption of poor quality animal food products are serious public health problems in Nigeria traceable to the underdeveloped status of livestock producers, marketers, meat processors, quality regulating agencies, and consumers. Operational research and published information about the quality status, consequence of contaminated animal food products on human health, the economics, and socio-cultural factors inhibiting change in the country are scanty and fragmented. The present report establishes some aspects of the quality status of animal food products as well as the need to investigate the socio-cultural facts and statistics about the status of animal food products production, handling, and consumption and their impact on human health in the country. It further highlights the major research issues that need to be addressed in order to generate relevant information for intervention and containment of the problem and its health risks.     

Knowledge About Food Safety and Handling Practices – Lessons from the Serbian Public Universities

IntroductionEducation about food safety is important for public health, and the best place to provide it is a university environment. The aim of the research was to assess food safety knowledge and self-reported food handling practices among students in Serbia.MethodsThe research was performed from October to December 2020, using an electronic survey among students at the University of Belgrade, University of Niš, and University of Novi Sad.ResultsThe average students’ age was 21 (SD=1.7), and genderwise the proportion was 54% women and 46% men. The average score for self-reported food handling practices was 45.7% (SD=15.7), and for food safety knowledge 57.9% (SD=15.7). The results showed that students whose field of study is health-related (e.g. nutrition, chemistry, biology, medicine and pharmacy) had the highest score for self-reported food handling practices (48.8%) and for food safety knowledge (57.7%). As for age, the senior students showed the highest score for food safety (57.2%), followed by third-year students (53.8%), second-year (51.9%), and first-year students (49.9%).ConclusionsThe first-year students and those whose field of the study was not health-related showed the lowest score in the answers to the questions about food handling practices and food safety knowledge. However, the longer students study, the more knowledge they have, which is not the case for those whose studies are non-health-related.     

Directions of Changes in the Health Values of Dairy Products in the Opinion of Consumers

The aim of our research was to assess whether and to what extent the perceived change in the content of selected ingredients in dairy products is important for Polish consumers in accepting the enhancement of the health benefits of dairy products, including yogurt. The data were collected using a CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) survey on a sample of 983 consumers. The logistic regression model was used to predict the behavior of consumers associated with their willingness to accept the health aspects of improving dairy products. The results indicated that changes in the level of selected ingredients enhanced the willingness to accept increasing the health value of the product. The socio-demographic characteristics of the participants were not associated with the degree of their willingness to accept the improvement of the perceived health attributes. Practitioners in the dairy industry and policy makers can benefit from these results. When designing food products, it is worth focusing on increasing the nutritional value and enhancing the health value of food that is perceived by consumers as generally possessing positive health benefits, rather than on food that is perceived by them as possessing negative qualities.     

我国食品安全监管格局的历史沿革与现状分析

日益严峻的食品安全现状引起了社会各界的广泛关注和公众对我国食品安全监管的质疑。我们利用政治科学中的历史制度主义研究方法,分析我国食品安全监管历程,为探讨我国现阶段的食品安全监管改革提供更为立体化的历史视界。在此基础上,分析我国食品安全监管体制运转现状和制约因素,进而提出完善我国食品安全监管体制的一些建议。     

Consumer Awareness of the Degree of Industrial Food Processing and the Association with Healthiness—A Pilot Study

Consumption of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) has been associated with lower diet quality, obesity, and adverse health effects. Not much is known about how consumers evaluate the degree of processing of a food product and how they relate this to healthiness. An online questionnaire was completed by a total of 277 Dutch, 204 Italian, and 181 Brazilian consumers. Consumers were aged 18–65 year, mean 38 ± 13 year, 31% were males, and 71% were highly educated. Pictures of several common food products were evaluated on the degree of industrial processing and healthiness. Thirteen food categories were included, each including one minimally processed food (MPF), one High NS_UPF (Nutri-Score A or B), and one Low NS_UPF (Nutri-Score D or E). Lastly, knowledge and attitude about UPFs were assessed. Ultraprocessing was perceived as unhealthy by the majority of consumers (Dutch, Italian: 55%; Brazilian: 75%) and contributed to weight gain according to: 38% Dutch, 51% Italian, and 70% Brazilian consumers. Low NS_UPFs were correctly rated toward “processed” and “not healthy” in all countries. High NS_UPF were rated as processed but showed large variations in healthiness scores. In conclusion, consumers rated UPFs relatively low in healthiness compared with MPFs with similar Nutri-Scores within the same food category. These preliminary findings suggest that consumers incorporate, to some extent, the degree of industrial processing while assessing the healthiness of food products.     

The Nutritional Profile and On-Pack Marketing of Toddler-Specific Food Products Launched in Australia between 1996 and 2020

With the food system evolving, it is not clear how the nutrition and on-pack claims of toddler foods have been impacted. Data on the trends in Australia are lacking, so we sought to determine the changes in the nutrition and on-pack claims of toddler-specific packaged foods over time. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the Mintel Global New Products Database. The number of toddler-specific foods increased from 1996 to 2020. Over time, a lower proportion of meals and snacks were classified as “ultra-processed”, but a higher proportion of snacks were classified as “discretionary”. Meals launched after 2014 had higher median values for energy, saturated fat, and sugar than those in earlier years. Toddler snacks launched after 2014 had lower median values for sodium, and higher median values for fat, saturated fat, and sugar than those in earlier years. The mean number of total claims per package increased over time for snacks, with an increase in unregulated claims for both meals and snacks. Public health action is needed to ensure that the retail food environment for young children is health-promoting, including stringent and clear regulations for on-pack claims, and compositional guidelines and guidance on how to reduce the number of ultra-processed foods for toddlers.     

公共管理视域下多元主体参与食品安全监管的路径研究

近年来,食品安全问题日益突出,造成很恶劣的社会影响,危害到广大社会公众的生命健康,导致政府公信力下降,甚至影响到社会经济的有序发展。本课题在公共管理视域下,分析了食品安全监管存在的问题,探讨政府、市场和社会公众三者参与食品安全监管的体系构建与监管机制的运行,提出新的监管路径。     

Current Food Classifications in Epidemiological Studies Do Not Enable Solid Nutritional Recommendations for Preventing Diet-Related Chronic Diseases: The Impact of Food Processing

To date, observational studies in nutrition have categorized foods into groups such as dairy, cereals, fruits, and vegetables. However, the strength of the association between food groups and chronic diseases is far from convincing. In most international expert surveys, risks are most commonly scored as probable, limited, or insufficient rather than convincing. In this position paper, we hypothesize that current food classifications based on botanical or animal origins can be improved to yield solid recommendations. We propose using a food classification that employs food processes to rank foods in epidemiological studies. Indeed, food health potential results from both nutrient density and food structure (i.e., the matrix effect), both of which can potentially be positively or negatively modified by processing. For example, cereal-based foods may be more or less refined, fractionated, and recombined with added salt, sugars, and fats, yielding a panoply of products with very different nutritional values. The same is true for other food groups. Finally, we propose that from a nutritional perspective, food processing will be an important issue to consider in the coming years, particularly in terms of strengthening the links between food and health and for proposing improved nutritional recommendations or actions.     

基于logistic模型对影响绝经期妇女骨质疏松症的动物性饮食因素研究

目的描述绝经期妇女动物性食品摄入情况,探讨摄入动物类食品对骨质疏松的影响。方法随机抽取哈尔滨市区281名年龄在50岁至65岁之间的绝经期妇女。采用CRF健康问卷表进行调查;并使用双能X线骨密度仪(NorlandXR-36型)测量腰椎骨的骨密度。利用SAS9.1统计软件对绝经期妇女动物性食品摄入情况进行描述;控制混杂因素后,使用logistic回归分析骨质疏松与摄入动物性食品之间的关系。结果绝经期妇女平均每日肉类摄入量为82.25g,海产品为44.51g,蛋类为56.70g,奶制品为205.59g;单因素分析显示:年龄、肥胖、学历、收入、生育个数、蔬菜类及牛肉类食物与骨质疏松的患病有关(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,动物性食物中的牛肉为骨质疏松发生的保护因素、蛋类为骨质疏松发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论绝经期妇女肉类、蛋类平均每日摄入量高于推荐摄入量,水产品、奶类平均每日摄入量低于推荐摄入量;食用动物性食品中的牛肉可能预防骨质疏松的发生,但过多的摄入蛋类可能增加骨质疏松的患病风险,未发现饮用牛奶与骨质疏松的患病存在关联。     

Managing waste from confined animal feeding operations in the United States: the need for sanitary reform

Confined food-animal operations in the United States produce more than 40 times the amount of waste than human biosolids generated from US wastewater treatment plants. Unlike biosolids, which must meet regulatory standards for pathogen levels, vector attraction reduction and metal content, no treatment is required of waste from animal agriculture. This omission is of concern based on dramatic changes in livestock production over the past 50 years, which have resulted in large increases in animal waste and a high degree of geographic concentration of waste associated with the regional growth of industrial food-animal production. Regulatory measures have not kept pace with these changes. The purpose of this paper is to: 1) review trends that affect food-animal waste production in the United States, 2) assess risks associated with food-animal wastes, 3) contrast food-animal waste management practices to management practices for biosolids and 4) make recommendations based on existing and potential policy options to improve management of food-animal waste.     

Stakeholders’ Perspectives on the Current Status of Partnerships between the Food Banking and Healthcare Systems to Address Food Insecurity in the U.S.

One in eight people in the U.S. experience food insecurity (FI). To date, the food banking sector has been at the forefront of efforts to address FI, but the healthcare sector is becoming increasingly involved in such efforts. The extent of collaboration between the two sectors remains unclear. We explored food banking stakeholders’ views on the current state of partnerships between the two sectors. We used purposive sampling to recruit ten key informants for semi-structured interviews. We also conducted a national online survey to gather data from food bank directors (n = 137). Thematic analysis generated two major themes: (1) Healthcare and food banking stakeholders are coordinating to achieve collective impact, and (2) Food banking-healthcare partnerships are leveraging various resources and vested interests within the medical community. We found evidence of ongoing partnerships between the two sectors and opportunities to strengthen these partnerships through the support of backbone organizations.     

蚌埠铁路分局辖区食品索证现状调查

目的　了解蚌埠铁路分局辖区食品生产经营单位的食品索证情况 ,探讨食品索证管理的策略。方法　随机抽取蚌埠铁路分局辖区的 4 5户食品生产经营单位进行索证情况调查。结果　食品平均索证合格率为 6 0 .72 % ;食品添加剂、罐头、饮料、酒类、糕点、乳及乳制品的索证合格率相对高于肉类及其制品、调味品、蜜饯、粮油及其制品 ;食品生产经营单位的性质不同 ,索证合格率有显著差别。结论　应将肉类及其制品、调味品、蜜饯、粮油及其制品和餐饮服务业作为食品索证监督检查重点。     

Assessment of Nutritional Quality of Products Sold in University Vending Machines According to the Front-of-Pack (FoP) Guide

The aim of this research was to assess the nutritional composition of 654 foods and beverages from vending machines on a University Campus. The guide called “Creating a front of pack nutrition label for pre-packed products sold through retail outlets” from the Department of Health (UK) was used to assess the nutritional composition and to compare values from food and beverage categories. A high proportion of food items had high–moderate content of nutrients related to chronic disease (93, 88, 74 and 49% had high–moderate content of fat, saturated fat, salt and sugar, respectively). On the other hand, a few beverages had high–moderate content of these nutrients, except for sugar (2% high to moderate in fat, 2% in saturated fat, 0% in salt and 39% in sugar). The most frequent food categories were chocolates and bars (10.6%) and breadsticks (8.4%), whereas the most available beverages were water (27.7%) and soft drinks (23.4%). There were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of categories between the health science and humanities faculties, except for energy drinks (p < 0.05) and soft drinks (p < 0.05). Vending machines contribute to an obesogenic environment and do not support healthy snacking. Recommendations in this article should be considered to develop official guidelines to ensure the wider availability of healthy dietary choices in vending machines in university settings.     

Food Standards Agency multidisciplinary workshop: children's food choice in the family setting

Summary   There has been relatively little research on public health nutrition interventions for families and children, compared with, for example, work in schools. In Spring 2007, the UK Food Standards Agency held a multidisciplinary workshop on food choice in families and children, bringing together researchers from psychology, social sciences, public health and nutrition. The objectives of the workshop were to form an up-to-date view of the influences on children's and young people's food choice within the family, and identify future research needs. The participants identified six key areas for future research: multidisciplinary collaboration; using mixed research methods; developing new research methods; identifying family-related diversity and tailoring interventions towards this; understanding the effects of different parenting styles and the relevance of these to implementing interventions; and developing a more sophisticated understanding of barriers and motivators to food-related change in families.     

Association between Conflict and Cholera in Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Cholera outbreaks contribute substantially to illness and death in low- and middle-income countries. Cholera outbreaks are associated with several social and environmental risk factors, and extreme conditions can act as catalysts. A social extreme known to be associated with infectious disease outbreaks is conflict, causing disruption to services, loss of income, and displacement. To determine the extent of this association, we used the self-controlled case-series method and found that conflict increased the risk for cholera in Nigeria by 3.6 times and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo by 2.6 times. We also found that 19.7% of cholera outbreaks in Nigeria and 12.3% of outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo were attributable to conflict. Our results highlight the value of providing rapid and sufficient assistance during conflict-associated cholera outbreaks and working toward conflict resolution and addressing preexisting vulnerabilities, such as poverty and access to healthcare.     

A Public Health Informatics Solution to Improving Food Safety in Restaurants: Putting the Missing Piece in the Puzzle

Foodborne illnesses remain an important public health challenge in the United States causing an estimated 48 million illnesses, 128,000 hospitalizations, and 3,000 deaths per year. Restaurants are frequent settings for foodborne illness transmission. Public health surveillance – the continual, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of reports of health data to prevent and control illness – is a prerequisite for an effective food control system. While restaurant inspection data are routinely collected, these data are not regularly aggregated like traditional surveillance data. However, there is evidence that these data are a valuable tool for understanding foodborne illness outbreaks and threats to food safety. This article discusses the challenges and opportunities for incorporating routine restaurant inspection data as a surveillance tool for monitoring and improving foodborne illness prevention activities. The three main challenges are: 1) lack of a national framework; 2) lack of data standards and interoperability; and 3) limited access to restaurant inspection data. Tapping into the power of public health informatics represents an opportunity to address these challenges. Advancing the food safety system by improving restaurant inspection information systems and making restaurant inspection data available to support decision-making represents an opportunity to practice smarter food safety.     

我国农村公共卫生资源配置现状与对策探讨

分析了我国大陆农村公共卫生资源配置存在的经费投入不足、机构设置未达到全覆盖、现有人力资源难以满足需要、资源配置结构性失调等问题,提出制定引导公共卫生资源向农村流动的相关政策、强化政府公共财政投入责任、加强农村公共卫生机构建设、提升公共卫生人力资源素质、调整农村公共卫生资源配置结构、推进乡村一体化管理等对策,为提高农村公共卫生服务水平、推动基本公共卫生服务城乡均等化进程提供参考。     

山东省农村卫生室现状抽样调查(三)--村卫生室参与预防保健服务提供及其制约因素分析

分析当前村卫生室参与预防保健服务情况。在调查的83个村卫生室中发现,有70.0%左右的村卫生室不参与提供预防保健和公共卫生服务项目。主要制约因素是:村卫生室没有预防保健服务固定资金投入;缺乏预防保健专业技术人员;因经济利益的驱使,村卫生室人员不愿意参与预防保健服务。     

动物源食品中四环素、土霉素、盐酸克伦特罗HPLC-PDA同时快速检测方法的研究

[目的]建立动物源性食品中抗生素、盐酸克伦特罗的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法。[方法]以Waters Nova-Pak C18 4μm柱为分析柱，NaHPO4:乙晴为75：25，Waters-2965二极管矩阵检测器（PDA）为检测器。[结果]线性回归方程和相关系数为：土霉素y＝0．55007x--0．004176，r＝0．99980；四环素y＝0．5945x 0．02764，r=0．9998；盐酸克伦特罗y＝0．01435x 0．026346，r＝0．9975。平均回收率为93．825％、93．760％和94．745％。[结论]HPLC—PDA法同时检测动物源性食品中的土霉素、四环索和盐酸克伦特罗，定性难确，定量更精确。     

Food Sources of Key Nutrients,Meal and Dietary Patterns among Children Aged 4–13 Years in Ibadan,Nigeria: Findings from the 2019 Kids Nutrition and Health Study

This study examined the contribution of food to nutrient intake, meal and dietary patterns among children aged 4–8 and 9–13 years in the city of Ibadan, Nigeria. Multi-pass 24-hour dietary recalls were used to assess intakes. Prudent and traditional Southwestern Nigerian dietary patterns were identified among children. The top foods and beverages were defined by frequency and amount consumed. Meal patterns were described by the eating occasions, while cluster analysis probed dietary patterns. About 88% of children had at least three meals including breakfast (95%), lunch (85%), dinner (92%) and midmorning meals (48%), while about 60% ate snacks at least once daily. Sources of energy and key nutrients were limited (yam, cassava, rice, maize, bread and beans/peas/legumes). The amount consumed per consumer of cassava products (192.2, 256.0 g), yam (169.7, 256.0 g), legumes (115.3, 150.7 g), corn/maize (160.4, 195.2), and rice (138.4, 182.3 g) were high, while beef (15.2, 17.9 g), eggs (50.6, 49.2 g), fish (27.5, 30.6 g), milk (24.2, 27.0 g) and nuts and seeds (18.2, 19.7 g) were low for children ages 4–8 and 9–13 years, respectively. In conclusion, while the frequency of meals suggests a healthy pattern, the top foods could not provide adequate nutrient (especially micronutrient) intake, which is key to the development of the target population.