富马酸替诺福韦酯的合成工艺改进（英文）

目的合成抗病毒药物富马酸替诺福韦酯并进行工艺改进。方法以亚磷酸二乙酯和多聚甲醛为原料,经缩合、酯化反应制得对甲苯磺酰氧甲基膦酸二乙酯(4);再以(S)-缩水甘油为起始物,经氢化还原、缩合反应制得(R)-碳酸丙烯酯(7),7与腺嘌呤反应合成(R)-9-(2-羟丙基)腺嘌呤(8),8经醚化、水解反应得到替诺福韦(10),再经氯甲基碳酸异丙酯酯化、与富马酸成盐得到目标化合物。结果与结论目标化合物的结构经MS、1H-NMR谱予以确证,该合成路线的总收率提高到30.4%(文献报道的最高收率为21%)。     

富马酸泰诺福韦酯的合成

腺嘌呤与(R)-环氧丙烷缩合得(R)-9-(2-羟基丙基)腺嘌呤,经醚化、水解得到泰诺福韦,再经氯甲基碳酸异丙酯酯化、成盐制得抗病毒药富马酸泰诺福韦酯,总收率约21%.     

富马酸丙酚替诺福韦的工艺改进

本研究改进了富马酸丙酚替诺福韦(1)的合成工艺,并实现了公斤级放大.将替诺福韦一水合物(2)与亚磷酸三苯酯在甲苯中回流反应后,加入丙酮并调至pH2～3,直接得(R)-9-(2-苯氧基膦酸甲氧基丙基)腺嘌呤(3)的无水结晶.3在混合溶剂中氯代后,与L-丙氨酸异丙酯盐酸盐反应,生成9-[(R)-2-[[(S)-[[(S)-...     

半富马酸喹硫平的合成研究

2-氨基二苯硫醚和三光气反应得到的2-异氰酸基二苯硫醚在多聚磷酸中闭环后,经氯代、与哌嗪缩合得到11-哌嗪-1-基二苯并[b,f][1,4]硫氮杂革,由2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙醇进行哌嗪N4-位烷基化反应后与富马酸成盐,制得抗精神病药半富马酸喹硫平,总收率63.4%(以2-氨基二苯硫醚计).     

富马酸依利色林的合成

N-(2-氯乙基)二甲胺盐酸盐和丙酮肟钠反应后水解制得O-(2-二甲胺基乙基)羟胺二盐酸盐(5);另用邻氟苯乙酮和对羟基苯甲醛经缩合得到(E)-1-(2-氟苯基)-3-(4-羟基苯基)-2-丙烯-1-酮(8).5和8缩合得到的依利色林与富马酸成盐,制得镇静催眠药富马酸依利色林,总收率约47%.     

富马酸泰诺福韦酯合成工艺改进

目的探寻简单易操作的富马酸泰诺福韦酯的合成工艺。方法以(R)-1,2-丙二醇为起始原料,经过酯化和氮烃化、氧烃化、水解、成酯和成盐5步合成富马酸泰诺福韦酯。将亚磷酸二乙酯与多聚甲醛反应,然后用对甲苯磺酰氯进行酰化,制备甲苯磺酰氧甲基膦酸二乙酯。结果改进后的合成路线更短,反应条件温和,总收率达到27.1%。结论改进后的工艺简单,易于操作。     

托曲珠利的合成

对硝基苯硫酚经甲基化、氯化、氟代、还原、重氮化及水解制得4-三氟甲硫基苯酚，与3-甲基4-氯硝基苯缩合、还原、异氰酸酯化后再与甲基脲反应、环合制得抗球虫药托曲珠利，总收率接近19％。     

阿德福韦酯的合成

用亚磷酸二乙酯和多聚甲醛经缩合、酯化得到对甲苯磺酸二乙氧基磷酰基甲酯(6)。另用腺嘌呤和碳酸亚乙酯反应得到9-(2-羟乙基)腺嘌呤,与6在NaH作用下缩合后,经水解、酰化等反应制得抗病毒药阿德福韦酯,总收率18%。     

依巴斯汀的合成工艺改进

用1-苄基-4-哌啶醇和二苯甲基溴经缩合、脱苄置换和水解反应制得4-二苯甲氧基哌啶,再与4-氯-1-(4-叔丁基苯基)-1-丁酮在碘化钾存在下缩合、成盐制得富马酸依巴斯汀,总收率36%.     

达塞曲匹的合成

环己甲酸(4)经甲酯化、与1-溴-2-乙基丁烷(3)缩合得1-(2-乙基丁基)环己甲酸甲酯(6),再经水解及酰氯化反应制得1-(2-乙基丁基)环己甲酰氯(8);另用2-氨基苯硫醇(9)氧化得双(2-氨基苯基)二硫物(10)。10与8缩合,断二硫键后与异丁酰氯(13)缩合得达塞曲匹,总收率约24%(以4计)。     

Absolute configuration of glycerol derivatives. 4. Synthesis and pharmacological activity of chiral 2-alkylaminomethylbenzodioxans, competitive alpha-adrenergic antagonists.

The optical isomers of alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists prosympal (2), piperoxan (3), and dibozane (4) were prepared by methods establishing the absolute configuration of each. (2S)-3(2'-Hydroxyphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol ditosylate (10) was prepared from (2R)-3-tosyloxy-1,2-propanediol acetonide (6). Intramolecular displacement afforded (2S)-tosyloxymethylbenzodioxan [(2R)-11]. Reaction of (2R)-11 with the appropriate amine (diethylamine, piperidine, or piperazine) afforded the 2S isomers of 2, 3, and 12, respectively. Reaction of (2S)-12 with (2R)-11 afforded the SS isomer of 4. Reaction of (2S)-3-benzyloxy-1,2-propanediol ditosylate (14) with catechol (NaOMe) afforded (2R)-benzyloxymethylbenzodioxan (15). Subjecting 15 to hydrogenolysis, tosylation, and displacement with the appropriate amine afforded 2R isomers of 2, 3, and 12. Reaction of (2R)-12 with (2S)-11 afforded (RR)-4. Reaction of (2R)-12 with (2R)-11 afforded meso-4. The S isomers were more effective antagonists to the alpha-adrenergic response of methoxamine-induced contraction of rabbit aortic strips by twofold in 2 and 18-19-fold in 3 and 4. meso-4 was as effective as the SS isomer of 4. The results are interpreted in terms of a similar conformational distribution of aminoalkyl, oxygen, and aromatic functional groups of the (S)-benzodioxans and (R)-epinephrine.     

Adenosine deaminase inhibitors. Synthesis and biological evaluation of C1' and nor-C1' derivatives of (+)-erythro-9-(2(S)-hydroxy-3(R)-nonyl)adenine.

The synthesis of various chiral derivatives of (+)-erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine, (+)-EHNA, from (2S,3R)-3-amino-1,2-O-isopropylidene-1,2-nonanediol by condensation with 5-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine is described. The compounds synthesized were C1'- and nor-C1'-(+)-EHNA derivatives. When tested with calf spleen ADA, C1'-OH- and nor-C1'-(+)-EHNA had comparable inhibitory activity that was 1 order of magnitude lower than that of (+)-EHNA. Potency was reduced further in nor-C1' derivatives.     

Synthesis and pharmacological investigation of ether derivatives of 3-amino-1,2,-propanediol, I.]

Synthesis and Pharmacological Investigation of Ether Derivatives of 3-Amino-1,2-propanediol, I. By reaction of 1-substituted 2,3-epoxypropanes with primary amines the derivatives 1–15 of 1-cyclopentyloxy-, 1-cyclohexyloxy- and 1-benzyloxy-2-hydroxy-3-aminopropanes were synthesized. The epoxypropanes were obtained by condensation of the corresponding alcohols with 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane. Some of the compounds were found to have moderate β-adrenoblocking activity, and one compound was found to have considerable antiarrhythmic activity.     

阿德福韦酯的合成

目的:合成抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)药阿德福韦酯.方法:以腺嘌呤和三氯化磷为起始原料,分别合成9-(2-羟乙基)腺嘌呤(4)和对甲苯磺酸二乙氧基磷酰基甲酯(6),4与6在NaH作用下缩合后,经水解、酰化等反应制得阿德福韦酯.结果:文献报道的相应各步反应条件得以优化,总收率约17.5%,各中间体及产物经红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱确证.结论:本方法简化了操作步骤,优化了反应条件,降低了成本,提高了收率.     

Synthesis and beta-adrenergic antagonist activity of stereoisomeric practolol and propranolol derivatives

A series of stereoisomeric practolol and propranolol derivatives has been synthesized in which the N-isopropyl group of the drug was replaced by an asymmetric heptanoic acid terminated by a substituted p-toluidide or p-(trifluoromethyl)anilide. The asymmetric epoxide, 3-(p-acetamidophenoxy)-1,2-epoxypropane, was allowed to react with a preformed enantiomeric 6-aminoheptanoic acid amide to yield the stereoisomeric practolol congener derivatives. An asymmetric drug precursor epoxide was prepared from p-acetamidophenol and enantiomeric 3-(tosyloxy)-1,2-epoxypropane 6-aminoheptanoic acid amides were allowed to react with one of the enantiomers of 3-(1-naphthyloxy)-1,2-epoxypropane. This drug precursor epoxide was prepared either by combining 1-naphthol with enantiomeric 3-(tosyloxy)-1,2-epoxypropane (the Sharpless epoxide) or by combining 1-naphthol with enantiomeric 3-(tosyloxy)-1,2-propanediol followed by epoxidation. Pharmacological studies carried out for the practolol derivatives demonstrated a significant dependence of enhanced potency and tissue/subreceptor specificity on both the configuration of the drug asymmetric carbon and the configuration of the spacer asymmetric carbon. The compounds containing the S configuration at the drug asymmetric center and the R configuration at the spacer asymmetric carbon exhibited an increase in potency over the other stereoisomeric congener derivatives and the progenitor drug. For the propranolol congener derivatives, a large decrease in potency was observed for all of the stereoisomers over the progenitor drug. The propranolol stereoisomers containing the S configuration at the drug asymmetric center were more active than those containing the R configuration at that center.     

比阿培南的合成

水合肼经缩合、烯丙基化、脱保护后甲酰化、溴加成、环合、取代、醇解、氧化、去甲酰化、环合、还原得到6，7-二氢-6-巯基-5H-吡唑并[1，2-a][1,2，4]三唑鎓氯化物（12），收率12％。12与（4R，5S，6S）-3-二苯氧磷酰氧基-6-[（1R）-1-羟乙基]-4-甲基-7-氧代-1-氮杂二环[3．2．0]庚-2-烯-2-羧酸对硝基苄酯（13）经缩合、脱保护得到比阿培南，收率67．5％（以13计）。     

Synthesis and anti-HIV and anti-HBV activities of 2'-fluoro-2', 3'-unsaturated L-nucleosides

The synthesis of L-nucleoside analogues containing 2'-vinylic fluoride was accomplished by direct condensation method, and their anti-HIV and anti-HBV activities were evaluated in vitro. The key intermediate 8, the sugar moiety of our target compounds, was prepared from 1,2-O-isopropylidene-L-glyceraldehyde via (R)-2-fluorobutenolide intermediate 5 in five steps. Coupling of the acetate 8 with the appropriate heterocycles (silylated uracil, thymine, N4-benzoylcytosine, N4-benzoyl-5-fluorocytosine, 6-chloropurine, and 6-chloro-2-fluoropurine) in the presence of Lewis acid afforded a series of 2'-fluorinated L-nucleoside analogues (15-18, 23-26, 36-45). The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antiviral activities against HIV-1 in human peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells and HBV in 2.2.15 cells. Cytosine 23, 5-fluorocytosine 25, and adenine 36 derivatives exhibited moderate to potent anti-HIV (EC50 0.51, 0.17, and 1.5 microM, respectively) and anti-HBV (EC50 0.18, 0.225, and 1.7 microM, respectively) activities without significant cytotoxicity up to 100 microM in human PBM, Vero, CEM, and HepG2 cells.     

吡贝地尔的合成

哌嗪经2-氯嘧啶进行单烃化得到2-(1-哌嗪基)嘧啶(3).另用1,2-亚甲二氧基苯经Blanc氯甲基化反应得到胡椒基氯(2).2与3进行烃化反应制得帕金森病治疗药吡贝地尔,总收率约64%(以2-氯嘧啶计).