亨廷顿病大鼠行为学改变及中药962胶囊干预

目的观察中药复方962胶囊对线粒体呼吸链复合体II抑制剂3-硝基丙酸致亨廷顿病大鼠模型运动功能及学习记忆能力的改善作用.方法 SD大鼠隔天腹腔注射3-硝基丙酸10mg*kg-1*d-1,共造模20天.造模前一周开始962胶囊每日灌胃给药一次,共灌胃6周,分为962小剂量组(0.45g/ kg),中剂量组(0.9g/ kg)和大剂量组(1.8g/ kg).阳性对照药为氟哌啶醇.应用Morris水迷宫、避暗实验检测动物学习记忆能力,旷场分析检测运动功能,攀网实验检测肌力.结果腹腔注射3-硝基丙酸导致模型大鼠水迷宫游出时间及距离延长,避暗潜伏期缩短、错误次数增加,旷场分析中跨格次数,站立次数和理毛次数减少,攀网实验显示模型动物肌力明显减低.中药复方962胶囊给药组各项异常指标均有所改善.结论腹腔注射3-硝基丙酸大鼠可导致动物出现与亨廷顿病表现相类似的运动障碍和学习记忆能力下降,可作为一种较好的神经退行性动物模型;中药复方962胶囊明显改善模型动物的运动及学习记忆障碍,对神经退行性疾病的治疗具有良好前景.     

微泵恒速灌注叠氮钠对大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的　利用线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶抑制剂叠氮钠,观察其对模型大鼠学习记忆能力的影响。方法　SD大鼠皮下埋植Alzet微泵,连续恒速给予叠氮钠共30天,给药1mg.kg-1.h-1 和2mg.kg-1.h-1两个剂量组。Morris水迷宫、避暗实验检测动物学习记忆能力,旷场分析检测空间探索能力及兴奋性,攀网实验检测肌力。结果　微泵恒速灌注叠氮钠导致模型大鼠水迷宫游出时间及距离延长、错误次数增加,避暗潜伏期缩短、错误次数增加,旷场分析中对外界的空间探索能力、适应性及兴奋性均降低,但肌力无明显异常。结论　线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶活性下降可以导致动物学习记忆能力下降,微泵恒速灌注叠氮钠大鼠可作为一种拟痴呆模型,应用于发病机理及药理学等方面的研究。     

参乌胶囊对拟亨廷顿病大鼠行为及脑内神经营养因子的影响

目的　观察拟亨廷顿病模型大鼠学习记忆改变情况 ,脑黑质、海马部位脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)和胶质细胞源性神经营养因子 (GDNF)的改变情况及参乌胶囊对其的干预作用。方法　用线粒体呼吸链复合体Ⅱ /Ⅲ抑制剂——— 3-硝基丙酸 (3 nitropropionicacid ,3 NPA) 2 0mg/kg对SD大鼠隔日腹腔注射连续造模 2 0d ,建立HD大鼠模型。造模的同时 ,用药组大鼠给予参乌胶囊连续灌胃 2 5d。阳性对照药组自造模当日起给予氟哌啶醇。应用Morris水迷宫及避暗实验检测大鼠学习记忆能力。应用免疫组织化学染色法检测大鼠海马CA1及CA4区BDNF、GDNF的细胞数量及细胞面积。结果　Morris水迷宫实验中 ,模型大鼠的游出时间及游出距离较对照组明显延长 ,参乌胶囊用药组可以显著缩短大鼠的游出时间及距离。避暗实验中 ,参乌胶囊用药组大鼠较模型大鼠进入暗箱的潜伏期分别显著性延长 5 6 6 9s和 5 4 2 4s。在海马CA1及CA4区 ,模型组动物BDNF、GDNF阳性细胞的表达明显较正常对照组细胞数减少 ,阳性细胞总面积减少。而 96 2中剂量组对于此区BDNF、GDNF阳性细胞的表达明显具增强作用 (P <0 0 1)。结论　参乌胶囊可以明显增强动物学习记忆能力 ,增强 3 NPA模型大鼠海马处BDNF及GDNF的表达。     

双侧颈总动脉结扎大鼠行为学观察

目的 本研究观察了大鼠双侧颈总动脉结扎后一个月及四个月的学习记忆、旷场行为以及肢体运动功能的改变。方法 模型组大鼠结扎双侧颈总动脉后一个月及四个月进行大鼠通道式水迷宫、旷场分析和攀绳肌力实验。结果 在水迷宫实验中,模型组大鼠在术后1个月及4个月与对照组相比,学习记忆功能显著下降。旷场分析空间认知能力下降,兴奋性增高。术后4月大鼠攀绳能力与对照组无显著性差异。结论 双侧颈总动脉结扎对大鼠学习记忆功能具有永久性的损伤作用,同时动物兴奋性增高,而运动功能无显著性降低。     

补肾壮阳胶囊对精神分裂症模型大鼠认知行为的影响

目的:探讨补肾壮阳胶囊(WSKY)对MK801所致精神分裂症模型大鼠的认知行为影响。方法:将32只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:对照组(生理盐水灌胃+生理盐水腹腔注射),模型组(生理盐水灌胃+MK801腹腔注射),低剂量组[0.655g/(kg·d)WSKY灌胃+MK801腹腔注射],高剂量组[3.275g/(kg·d)WSKY灌胃+MK801腹腔注射]。WSKY预处理2周后腹腔注射MK801构建精神分裂症模型,建立模型后立即进行Morris水迷宫及旷场实验。结果:旷场实验:各组大鼠自发活动总路程无明显差异;Morris水迷宫:与对照组相比,模型组逃避潜伏时间显著延长(P<0.05),原平台象限停留时间及穿越次数显著减少(P<0.05);经WSKY干预2周的高剂量组逃避潜伏时间、原平台象限停留时间及穿越次数,与对照组比较无显著差异,与模型组及低剂量组相比均有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:补肾壮阳胶囊能改善MK801所致谷氨酸能低下精神分裂症模型大鼠的认知行为。     

安神定志灵对注意力缺陷多动障碍模型大鼠自发活动、焦虑及空间学习能力的影响

目的 探讨中药复方安神定志灵对注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）模型大鼠自主活动、焦虑及空间学习能力的影响.方法 将SHR大鼠随机分为模型组、阳性对照托莫西汀组、安神定志灵低中高剂量组,每组8只,另将8只WKY大鼠设为正常组,灌胃4周.分别在给药前,给药3周后行旷场实验、高架十字迷宫及水迷宫.结果 旷场试验中安神定志灵低剂量组（P＜0.05）及托莫西汀组（P＜0.01）可减少大鼠总活动路程,Morris水迷宫实验中均可增加穿越平台次数（P＜0.01）,同时安神定志灵组可减少大鼠进入开臂次数及停留时间（P＜0.01）.结论 安神定志灵可减少大鼠自发活动,缓解焦虑行为,改善大鼠空间记忆学习能力.     

养血祛风方对抽动障碍大鼠行为及空间认知能力的影响

目的探讨养血祛风方对抽动障碍大鼠抗抽动及空间认知能力改善作用。方法 IPDN腹腔注射建立大鼠拟TD模型,将TD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、西药组及中药低、中、高剂量组,造模后第1、4、8周对各组大鼠进行刻板运动、旷场分析及水迷宫测试,评价大鼠学习和记忆能力。结果中药中、高剂量组及西药组跨格次数减少,中央停格时间延长,与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且中药低、高剂量组跨格次数比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);第4、8周中药高剂量组大鼠半数能完成水迷宫测试,与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论养血祛风方能改善抽动障碍大鼠空间学习记忆能力,并具有量效关系。     

D-半乳糖致衰老模型大鼠的学习记忆和行为学观察及中药干预作用

目的观察D-半乳糖致衰老模型大鼠学习记忆能力和行为学情况,并探讨中药的干预作用。方法大鼠每日一次颈背部皮下注射5%D-半乳糖100 mg/kg。诱导大鼠衰老模型,连续7周,观察衰老模型大鼠的自主活动次数、空间记忆能力、主动回避遭受电击能力、探究活动等行为学表现和学习记忆能力,并用抗衰老片与首乌延寿片进行干预,观察中药的干预作用。结果皮下注射D-半乳糖造模后,衰老模型大鼠自主活动次数显著减少(P0.05,P0.01),水迷宫试验探索路径长度和搜台潜伏期显著延长(P0.05,P0.01),旷场试验移动路程长度和直立次数显著减少(P0.01),穿梭回避试验平均潜伏期、进入错误区时间显著增加(P0.05,P0.01)。给予抗衰老片与首乌延寿片干预后,衰老大鼠的自主活动次数显著增加(P0.01),水迷宫试验探索路径长度和搜台潜伏期显著缩短(P0.01),旷场试验移动路程长度和直立次数显著增加(P0.01),穿梭回避试验平均潜伏期、进入错误区时间显著减少(P0.05,P0.01)。结论D-半乳糖致衰老模型大鼠的自主活动次数减少,对新环境探索能力下降,学习记忆力下降;抗衰老片与首乌延寿片等中药可有效增强衰老模型大鼠的行为活动,提高衰老模型大鼠的学习记忆能力。     

醒脑胶囊治疗血管性痴呆的实验研究

在ＭＩＤ动物模型上，以西药喜得宵宫和避暗试验观察了醒脑胶囊对痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力的影响。同时应用化学荧光法测定痴呆大鼠海马中去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）、多巴胺（ＤＡ）含量的变化。结果：用药各组大鼠游迷宫所需时间和进入盲端的错误次数显著少地模型 ，避暗试验中潜伏期和５ｍｉｎ内错误次数又显著优于模型组，且中药大剂量组学习记忆成绩显著优于中、小剂量组和西药组。中药大、中剂量组大鼠海马中ＮＥ含量显著高于小剂量组     

中药复方962胶囊对血管性痴呆模型大鼠的作用

目的 用永久性结扎双侧颈总动脉的大鼠模型检测中药复方962胶囊防治血管性痴呆的疗效。方法 永久性结扎大鼠双侧颈总动脉,采用水迷宫和组织学的方法。结果 中药复方962胶囊能降低永久性结扎双侧颈总动脉后24小时内大鼠的死亡率,有降低大鼠水迷宫游出时间和错误次数的趋势,其中在60d的时间点,给药组与对照组相比,水迷宫的错误次数显降低（P＜0.05）;能防止海马锥体细胞死亡;提高大鼠双侧颈动脉永久性结扎后,海马SS阳性神经元数目。结论 为中药复方962胶囊治疗血管性痴呆提供理论根据。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.