苏州市幼儿体格发育比较研究

目的：了解苏州市幼儿生长发育和肥胖状况。方法：对苏州市4所幼儿园的幼儿生长发育状况进行调查，并与5年前资料比较。结果：幼儿身高增和0.1cm，体重增长0.8kg，肥胖率上升1.8％，体胖儿童的身高显著低于体瘦者。结论：肥胖可能影响幼儿身高增长。     

2008名幼儿园儿童生长发育状况调查研究

目的:了解幼儿园儿童目前的生长发育状况以及近20年的变迁。方法:2005年6月采取整群抽样的方法,对公安县城区8所幼儿园的2008名正常儿童进行体重、身高、胸围、头围4项指标的测量,并将结果与本县1985年7岁以下儿童生长发育调查资料和1995年全国9市城郊7岁以下儿童体格发育调查资料比较。结果:本组儿童的生长发育4项指标均高于1985年调查结果,以身高和体重的增长最为明显,男女童体重增长范围在0.98~2.06kg和1.30~1.80kg之间,男女童身高增长范围在4.2~6.9cm和3.8~5.5cm,有随年龄的增长而增大的趋势。本组资料高于1995年全国9市郊区儿童的测查结果。结论:20年间我县儿童的体重、身高值明显增长,而胸围、头围的增长不明显。本县幼儿园儿童生长发育状况优于1995年全国市郊儿童。     

2000和2014年柯尔克孜族儿童青少年生长发育状况分析

目的 了解新疆7～18岁柯尔克孜族儿童青少年2000 - 2014年的生长发育状况,为增强他们的体质健康水平提供依据。方法 利用2000和2014年2次新疆学生体质与健康调研数据,对4 109名柯尔克孜族7～18岁儿童青少年身体形态指标进行比较分析。结果 与2000年比较,2014年柯尔克孜族儿童青少年男、女生身高分别平均增长1.7和1.9 cm,体重分别平均增长0.8和0.6 kg,胸围男生平均下降为0.5 cm、女生增长0.8 cm;体重指数男、女生分别平均下降为0.5 kg/cm2和 0.6 kg/cm2,肥胖阳性率男、女生分别为4.9 % 和 3.1 %。结论 2014年柯尔克孜族儿童青少年生长发育水平均保持增长,但与全国平均水平比较存在较大的差异,应高度重视,采取有效措施,进一步促进体质健康水平。     

徐州市学生48年来生长发育动态分析

目的：了解徐州市儿童少年生长发育长期变化趋势，为开展学校卫生保健工作提供资料。方法：对1956～2004年48年来徐州市7～17岁学生体质调研资料及发育状况专题调查资料中的身高、体重指标进行动态分析。结果：48年来我市学生生长发育水平在不断提高。男女学生身高分别平均增长了15．48cm和12．87cm，体重分别平均增长了14．81cm和10．17kg。学生身高、体重发育呈现出长期增长趋势，且依然处在快速稳定增长期。48年间学生身体充实程度得到改善，女生改善的程度不如男生。结论：随着社会经济的发展，生活水平的提高，48年来徐州市城区7～17岁学生生长发育出现长期加速现象，目前仍处于快速稳定增长期。     

不同时期东风汽车公司中小学生生长发育状况

目的了解东风汽车公司中小学学生生长发育现状和变化特点,为制订学校卫生保健计划和策略提供科学依据。方法对2005年东风汽车公司7~17岁中小学生形态发育调研资料进行了分析,并与1989年的形态发育调研资料进行比较。结果2005年男生平均身高、体质量、胸围分别增长了5.41 cm,9.57 kg,4.24cm,女生分别增长了3.94 cm,5.88 kg,4.11 cm,高于1989年男女生生长发育水平。结论东风汽车公司中小学生形态发育存在长期增长趋势。     

临沂市小学生窝沟封闭防龋效果观察

龋齿是小学生的常见病,会危及儿童的生长发育.我们于1994年11月至1997年11月在临沂市实验一小进行了窝沟封闭防龋效果3年观察,结果报告如下:     

连续两年补充复合微量营养素对农村学龄儿童生长发育、营养状况和智力的影响

目的分析连续两年补充复合微量营养素后对6～12岁学龄儿童的生长发育、智力和营养状况影响。方法以农村小学的社会背景、经济状况、教育条件及升学水平基本相似为前提,在湖北省浠水县6个乡镇分别抽取6所农村小学分为实验组和对照组。在实验组补充微量营养素的前(2004年)、中(2005年)和后期(2006年)对实验组和对照组学龄儿童的生长发育、营养状况及智力发育的状况和变化进行分析比较。结果实验组儿童的身高和体重的增长幅度大于对照组。两年后实验组儿童身高均值增长了12.9cm,对照组增长了11.5cm;实验组体重均值增长了6.6kg,对照组仅增长了5.2kg;实验组女童骨密度由2004年0.236g/cm2增加到2006年的0.280g/cm2。实验组四个年龄段儿童的血红蛋白平均值在补充后都明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。且贫血患病率两年下降了25.8%,对照组下降了7.2%。另外结果显示,补充微量营养素对改善实验组智力发育也有一定的效果。结论连续两年补充复合微量营养素可以促进农村学龄儿童的生长发育、骨骼及智力发育。     

宜川县学龄前儿童生长发育及营养状况13年趋势分析

目的 :了解落后贫困地区学龄前儿童生长发育状况及营养状况的趋势。方法 :选择宜川县 1986～ 1998年城关幼儿园学龄前儿童的健康体检资料 ,统计分析 4项身体形态指标的变化趋势。用 WHO推荐的年龄体重衡量表评价营养状况。结果 :宜川县学龄前儿童生长发育处于增长期 ,身高增长明显 ,12年中男女每年龄段平均增长分别为 3 .0 cm和 3 .2 cm,而胸围呈现负增长 ,因而学龄前儿童体型趋于细长型。结论 :宜川县学龄前儿童的各项形态指标与全国存在差距 ,儿童营养较差。应改善落后地区经济状况 ,提高人民生活水平 ,从而改善学龄前儿童的生长发育状况。     

宜川县学龄前儿童生长发育及营养状况13年趋势分析

目的了解落后贫困地区学龄前儿童生长发育状况及营养状况的趋势.方法选择宜川县1986～1998年城关幼儿园学龄前儿童的健康体检资料,统计分析4项身体形态指标的变化趋势.用WHO推荐的年龄体重衡量表评价营养状况.结果宜川县学龄前儿童生长发育处于增长期,身高增长明显,12年中男女每年龄段平均增长分别为3.0 cm和3.2 cm,而胸围呈现负增长,因而学龄前儿童体型趋于细长型.结论宜川县学龄前儿童的各项形态指标与全国存在差距,儿童营养较差.应改善落后地区经济状况,提高人民生活水平,从而改善学龄前儿童的生长发育状况.     

龙岩市城区中小学生形态发育状况的动态分析

目的　了解龙岩市城区中小学生生长发育现状及变化趋势。　方法　于 1983～ 2 0 0 1年 3次对 4所学校的 2 0 2 0 0名学生形态发育水平进行调查分析。　结果　 18年间 ,龙岩市中小学生生长发育水平明显提高 ,男生身高、体重、胸围平均增长 9.2cm、9.5kg、5 .3cm ,女生平均增长 7.7cm、6 .8kg、4 .9cm ,10年平均增长值均高于全国水平 ;各形态指标发育曲线交叉年龄和发育高峰年龄提高 1～ 2年 ;身高发育水平高于日本儿童 ,低于全国儿童 ,体重发育水平在突增后期低于日本和全国儿童。　结论　龙岩市城区中小学生青春期有前移倾向 ,其生长发育水平呈长期加速趋势。     

土家族和苗族儿童青少年生长长期变化趋势分析

目的探讨土家族、苗族儿童青少年1985-2010年生长长期变化特点、规律和趋势, 为改善和提高连片特困地区少数民族儿童青少年的生长发育水平提供依据。方法选取中国学生体质与健康调研中的土家族、苗族7～18岁中、小学生, 分析其身高、体重、体质指数(BMI)、身高最大增长年龄(MIA-H)、体重最大增长年龄(MIA-W)的增幅和不同阶段增速, 并以18岁年龄组为个案计算成年身高的持续增长和性别差异。结果1985-2010年, 7～18岁土家族男、女身高平均增幅分别为3.38、3.22 cm, 苗族男、女分别为3.88、3.60 cm;土家族男、女体重平均增幅分别为4.12、2.52 kg, 苗族男、女分别为3.17、2.62 kg;土家族男、女BMI平均增幅分别为1.22、0.55 kg/m², 苗族男、女分别为0.71、0.61kg/m²;生长速度土家族呈现“前慢后快”特点, 体格向“粗壮型”发展, 苗族呈现“前快后慢”特点, 体格向“细长型”发展, 10~13岁儿童是超重、肥胖重点监测对象;MIA-H、MIA-W除苗男外提前0.40～3.98岁;18岁成年身高出现增长, 但幅度大多数不大, “性差”不足13 cm。结论土家族、苗族儿童青少年生长长期趋势潜力比较大, 土家族已步入快速阶段, 呈加速趋势, 苗族处于初期阶段, 增长趋势有所减缓, 生长长期趋势存在民族、性别差异。     

1985-2000年山东省儿童少年体质特征及变化趋势研究

目的分析1985—2000年山东省儿童少年体格发育增长的情况，为制定促进青少年健康成长规划提供依据。方法将1985、1995和2000年山东省城乡7～18岁儿童少年身高、体重、胸围、肺活量、50m跑、立定跳远、斜身引体/引体向上（男）、1min仰卧起坐（女）、耐力跑、立位体前屈与全国同期的均值比较，计算增减量。结果形态指标明显增长，城市男生、城市女生、乡村男生、乡村女生身高平均增长4．70cm、3．29cm、5．48cm和4．48cm，体重分别平均增长8．66kg、5．32kg、5．55kg和3．22kg，但运动素质明显下降，形态和素质发育出现背离现象。结论儿童少年体质下降应引起有关部门的高度重视，采取有效的干预措施，增强体育锻炼，减轻学生的学习负担。     

Sexually transmitted infection among adolescents receiving special education services

Background: To estimate the relative risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among children identified as having learning disabilities through the special education system. Methods: This cross‐sectional study used special education data and Medicaid data from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for calendar year 2002. The sample comprised 51,234 Medicaid‐eligible children, aged 12‐17 years, 8015 of whom were receiving special education services. Claims associated with diagnoses of STIs were abstracted, and logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of STI among children in different special education categories. Results: There were 3% of males and 5% of females who were treated for an STI through the Medicaid system in 2002. Among females, those in the mental retardation (MR) category were at greatest risk (6.9%) and those in the emotionally disturbed or “no special education” category at lowest risk (4.9% each). Among males, STIs were most prevalent among those classified as mentally gifted (6.7%) and lowest among those in the MR category (3.0%). In adjusted analyses, males with specific learning disabilities and females with MR or who were academically gifted were at excess risk for STIs. Conclusions: The finding that children with learning disabilities are at similar or greater risk for contracting STIs as other youth suggests the need to further understand their risk behaviors and the potential need to develop prevention programs specific to their learning needs.     

1975-2005年中国7岁以下儿童体格发育变化趋势

目的 了解1975-2005年间我国儿童体格发育变化趋势和特点.方法 资料来源于1975、1985、1995及2005年中国9个城市7岁以下儿童体格发育调查.调查点为北京、哈尔滨、西安、上海、南京、武汉、福州、广州及昆明市的城区及郊区县.采取随机整群抽样的方法,抽取刚初生至差1 d不满7岁的健康儿童,分22个年龄组,每市、每个年龄组、城乡男女儿童各150～200名.1975年样本量为158 400名,1985年样本量为152 874名,1995年样本量为157 362名,2005年样本量为138 775名.分析7岁以下儿童身高、体重、头围、胸围的变化.结果 30年间,无论城、乡、男、女,多数年龄组儿童的平均体重、身高均有明显增长.其中12～15个月组体重增长0.76～1.14 kg,6～7岁组增长2.58～3.26 ks;12～15个月组身高增长2.7～3.8 cm,6～7岁组增长5.0～7.6 cm.胸围4个月前几乎无增长,4个月后略有增长;头围增长幅度最小,增幅在0.1～1.0 cm之间.1975-1985年、1985-1995年、1995-2005年身高、体重每10年的增幅逐渐变大,其中5～6岁城市男童体重分别增长0.58、1.02、1.67 kg,身高分别增长1.5、2.0和2.6 cm.身高的城乡差距逐渐缩小,其中6～7岁组男童的城乡差别由1975年的4.9 cm降至2005年的2.6 cm;体重城乡差距的变化则为3岁前略有缩小,3岁后却逐渐增大,其中6～7岁组男童体重的城乡差异由1975年的1.14 kg增大至2005年的1.72 kg.身高、体重的地区差别也有逐渐缩小的趋势.结论9个城市儿童生长发育水平明显提高,呈快速增长趋势;身高、体重的城乡差别、地区差别有逐渐缩小趋势.     

Assessment of the nutritional status of children with special needs in Alexandria. Part II: Anthropometric measures

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the nutritional status of children with special needs in Alexandria city, on the basis of anthropometric measures. The following variables were determined in a sample of 278 disabled children (171 males, 107 females) aged 6 to 24 years, recruited from five specialized day care centers for retarded children in Alexandria: birth order, type of disability, socioeconomic status, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and hemoglobin level. Mentally retarded children represent the highest proportion of subjects followed by Down's syndrome and autism. There is an increase in the mean body weight of males with the increase in age among the three type of disability except at age from 14 to 18 years, while there is a fluctuation in the mean body weight between ages and disability among females. Down syndrome groups at all ages are shorter than the other groups, while disabled males are taller than females at all ages. Based on BMI for age, the incidence of obesity was higher among Down's syndrome and mentally retarded females and among autistic males (19.8%, 16.1% of males versus 15.8%, 6.7% of females with mental retardation and autism were underweight). Majority of subjects have mild degree anemia. Hemoglobin levels below the cut-off levels issued by WHO were found higher among autistic and mentally retarded females. The levels were comparable among males with autism and mental retardation and among Down's syndrome males and females. The results also revealed that underweight, overweight and obesity were more common in subjects who showed an evidence of anemia.     

皖南地区某高校新生身高体质量和肥胖状况调查

目的了解某高校新入学大学生身高、体质量、肥胖状况,为预防保健工作提供依据。方法对某大学2007—2009年新入学的7 895名本科大学生,进行医学体格检查。结果某大学2007—2009年男、女新生平均体质量分别为(61.26±9.51)kg、(51.69±6.26)kg,平均身高分别为(172.35±5.97)cm、(161.53±5.47)cm,平均人体质量指数(BMI)分别为(20.47±2.80)和(19.80±2.10)kg/m2,三项指标男生均高于女生。以国际推荐亚洲成人肥胖诊断标准,新生体质量超标检出率为6.9%,肥胖检出率为4.0%,合计10.9%,男女体质量超标率和肥胖率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。以国内肥胖组推荐标准,新生体质量超标检出率为5.6%,肥胖检出率为1.2%,合计为6.8%,其中男生为10.6%,女生为3.8%,男女体质量超标率和肥胖率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论肥胖已成为影响大学生身心全面发展的重要因素之一,应加强健康教育,促进体育锻炼,增强自我保健意识。     

2006-2015年芜湖市学龄前儿童生长发育水平及影响因素分析

目的了解芜湖市学龄前儿童生长发育水平,探讨其影响因素。方法搜集2006年、2012年及2015年市属托幼机构学龄前儿童体检资料,将身高体重均值与WHO标准和九市标准进行比较;2015年采用自制儿童一般情况调查表,对21所托幼机构在园儿童进行集体问卷调查以分析生长发育的影响因素。结果 2006-2015年芜湖市男童体重增长0.45~1.21 kg,身高增长2.14~2.79 cm;女童体重增长0.28~1.45 kg,身高增长1.41~3.06 cm,身高体重均值高于WHO标准和中国九市标准;低体重、贫血检出率下降,消瘦检出率上升,生长发育迟缓和肥胖检出率无明显变化;营养不良患病率随年龄的增长而增长,女童患病率高于男童,同时孕期产检次数多、愉快吃饭、保证荤菜摄入是学龄前儿童营养不良的保护因素。结论芜湖市学龄前儿童生长发育水平提高显著,但消瘦和肥胖问题并存。     

The secular trends in height and weight of Turkish school children during 1993-2003

BACKGROUND: Secular changes in growth and development can be considered as the changing pattern of somatic development of children in a particular population from one generation to another. Developing countries, which have many changes in socio-economical conditions, reveal various trends in growth. The aims of this study were to analyse growth trends in weight and height of Turkish children from a school in Ankara over the period 1993-2003 with 10-year time interval, and to determine the relation between secular trends. METHODS: Anthropometric measurements of 1214 children and adolescents (611 boys and 603 girls) aged between 7 and 15 years from Ankara, Turkey, obtained cross sectionally in 2003 were compared with measurements of 867 school children (451 boys and 416 girls) from a previous study which had been obtained in the same primary school in 1993. For 7-15 years of age the increments of weight and height were determined, and analysed statistically. RESULTS: In 2003 survey boys and girls were taller and heavier than their peers from previous study in all age groups. For all cohorts in boys from 7 to 15 years, weight increments between 2.7 and 6.3 kg/decade and height increments between 1.7 and 5.5 cm/decade were demonstrated. For girls in the same cohorts, weight increments between 2.8 and 6.5 kg/decade and height increments between 1.8 and 5.7 cm/decade were indicated. Both weight and height increments suggest an upward displacement of growth curves in this interval of 10 years. CONCLUSION: A significant secular increase in weight and height measurements were found in 7-15-year-old boys and girls in Ankara. These secular increases can be explained with improvements in social and health indicators that reflect the overall health status of the population. The secular increases in growth of Turkish school children may reveal updates of growth standards.     

Non-biochemical risk factors for cardiovascular disease in general clinic-based rural population of Bangladesh

BACKGROUND: Strategies for preventing premature cardiovascular disease include measures to control its risk factors. To plan such activities, prevalence of these factors must be known. Data regarding risk factor prevalence is limited in Bangladesh and measurement of biochemical factors is not always feasible. The aim of our study is to describe the non-biochemical risk factors in a clinic-based rural population of Bangladesh that would reflect at least a part of the problem in the rural area. METHODS: A cross sectional study was done in a clinic based patient population aged 20 years and older (471 males and 800 females) in a rural community of Bangladesh. A questionnaire on lifestyle including dietary and smoking habit was administered and physical examinations including height, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure were measured in standardized way. RESULTS: Mean body mass index was 18.5 kg/m2 (standard deviation [SD]: 2.9 kg/m2) in males and 18.7 kg/m2 (SD: 3.3 kg/m2) in females. Mean systolic blood pressure was 120.0 mmHg (SD: 18.5 mmHg) and mean diastolic blood pressure 77.2 mmHg (SD: 9.9 mmHg) in all subjects. The prevalence of hypertension (140+/90+ mmHg and/or on treatment) was 17.8%. Prevalence of tobacco consumption (smoking and chewing) was 43.8% in males and 27.1 in females. Prevalence of abdominal obesity (waist circumference >94 cm in males, >80 cm in females) was 1.6 % and 11.4 % for males and females respectively. Proportion of overweight (BMI 25.0+) was 3.6%. CONCLUSION: Prevention programs and measures should be emphasized for the control of tobacco and hypertension in general, and central obesity in females, as far as rural population of Bangladesh is concerned.