中学生饮酒行为与危害健康行为相互影响的研究

为探讨中学生饮酒行为与其他危害健康行为以及情绪问题的相互关系 ,作者对1 358名中学男生和 1 1 0 9名女生饮酒行为、焦虑和抑郁症状、其他危害健康行为进行无记名问卷调查。结果显示 ,男生饮酒率显著高于女生 ,非条件Logistic回归分析表明 ,吸烟、不健康的减肥行为、焦虑、经常骑车带人、打架、年级高为男生饮酒显著性影响因素 ;不良的减肥行为、打架、焦虑和自杀念头与女生饮酒关联。提示中学男、女生饮酒行为与情绪问题以及其他危害健康行为可能相互影响     

中小学生吸烟状况及行为干预措施研究

我县以９所小学高年级和３所中学学生为研究对象，开展了中小学生吸烟状况调查及行为干预研究。干预前调查５１６７名学生的结果表明：总吸烟率为４８．００％，其中男生吸烟率６８．２５％，女生吸烟率４．１２％。在调查的基础上，将上述学校分成干预组与对照组，在干预组学校开展了１年时间多种形式的吸烟行为干预研究，其结果显示：干预组学生的吸烟率由４９．７１％降至３８．２２％，且年龄越小其吸烟率下降速度越大，说明吸烟行为干预应从尽早年龄开始的观点。同时，学生吸烟与健康知识应答正确率、态度正确率及良好行为率均有显著性提高，说明了学校全面开展吸烟行为健康教育是很有必要的。     

五城市大学生吸烟状况调查与分析

为了解目前我国大学生吸烟状况，并为控制吸烟立法提供科学依据，我们对五城市3340名大学生吸烟状况以及大学生对吸烟行为的认识和态度进行了调查．结果表明；男生吸烟率为29.4％，偶尔吸烟率45．0％，女生吸烟率为1.8％，偶尔吸烟率9．9％．近90％大学生不同程度地了解吸烟的危害；大学男生吸烟者与不吸烟者对控制吸烟措施的反映基本一致．     

安徽师范大学学生的吸烟行为及认知调查

目的了解安徽师范大学学生吸烟现状及烟草相关知识和态度,为今后健康教育和控烟措施提供科学理论依据。方法整群抽取该师范大学1—3年级在校学生1100名,调查学生的一般特征和吸烟相关的知识、信念、行为。结果1100名调查对象中总吸烟率为11．4％,其中男生吸烟率为21．8％,女生吸烟率为2．2％,男生吸烟率高于女生（P〈0．01）。吸烟者与不吸烟者在年级和专业上差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。学生吸烟的主要原因依次是好奇、社交需要、周围朋友影响等。结论师范生虽然对吸烟危害健康的认识程度较高,但吸烟现象不容忽视,社会和学校必须采取积极有效的综合干预策略,以控制师范生的吸烟行为。     

长沙市医学专业与非医学专业大学生吸烟行为及影响因素研究

目的：了解长沙市在校大学生的吸烟行为发生状况、烟草危害知识知晓程度和对吸烟行为的态度,探讨大学生吸烟行为的主要影响因素。方法在长沙市某综合性高校中,以分层随机整群抽样方法获取2092名大学生样本,采用自填式结构问卷了解大学生吸烟行为状况、烟草危害知识知晓程度以及对吸烟行为的态度。结果在2061名有效调查样本中,尝试吸烟率为16．5％（男39．4％,女6．1％）,偶尔吸烟率为14．8％（男33．8％,女6．0％）,每日吸烟率为1．8％（男5．6％,女0．1％）,其中男生的各项吸烟率均高于女生（P＜0．01）;医学生与非医学生各类吸烟行为发生率的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,但医学生烟草危害知识知晓程度和拒绝吸烟的意愿均高于非医学生（P＜0．01）;男性、对吸烟的态度和室友吸烟是影响大学生发生尝试吸烟行为的重要因素。结论大学生吸烟行为与是否为医学专业无显著性关联,但与性别、拒绝烟草的态度、室友的吸烟行为有显著性关联;应制定有效措施对大学生群体的吸烟行为进行预防与干预。     

新疆汉族初中学生吸烟状况分析

目的 了解新疆汉族初中学生的吸烟状况。方法 对乌鲁木齐及阜康4所城市和县镇中学2061名初中学生吸烟状况进行产问卷调查。结果 尝试吸烟率24．8％（男生39．2％,女生12．8％）,吸烟率9．2％（男生16．1％,女生2．4％）,县镇高于城市,随年级增高呈上升趋势,尝试吸烟的主要原因是好奇,模仿及伙伴效应。81．1％的学生首次吸烟年龄低于12岁,男生,高级年,学习成绩差,零用钱较多的学生,尝试吸烟率及吸烟率明显较高。学生有关吸烟危害的知识主要来自大众媒体,缺乏系统性和针对性。结论 新疆汉族初中生的吸烟率较高。     

干预前后中,小学生吸烟行为的变化

本文对沈阳市５７１５名中小学生进行了吸烟率，吸烟知识行为干预措施效果研究。结果表明：干预前吸烟率为６．７％。男生为１２．４％，女生为０．７％；吸烟动机中好奇心为首位占３３．８％；家长、教师吸烟对学生有不良影响。施加干预措施后，城市吸烟率下降２．４％，农村吸烟率下降１．０％；而对照组城市吸烟率上升３．２％，农村吸烟率上升２．２％，干预组学生对吸烟危害认识提高，行为向健康化发展。     

天津市和平区中小学生吸烟情况调查分析

本文对部分中小学生吸烟现状调查结果表明,中学生吸烟率为6.88％,其中男生吸烟率为12.73％,女生吸烟率为0.66％。小学生吸烟率为3.46％,其中男生吸烟率为6.08％,女生吸烟率为3.46％。父母吸烟与学生吸烟呈正相关。重点中学与非重点中学吸烟率差异显著。81.62％中小学生知晓吸烟危害健康。     

2006年龙岩市部分高中学生吸烟情况调查

[目的]了解龙岩市高中学生吸烟情况以及对控制吸烟的态度，为今后教育和干预措施提供科学理论依据。[方法]采取整群随机抽样方法，通过现场问卷的方式对两所中学4个高中班的221名学生进行调查。[结果]男生吸烟率14．1％，女生吸烟率3．7％。男生吸烟率高于女生（P〈0．05）。尝试吸第一口烟者占调查者总数的27．8％，半数以上小于10岁，尝试吸烟者成为当前吸烟者的比率为31．0％。说明尝试吸烟者近I／3成为当前吸烟者。[结论]个人认识与社会、家庭、学校影响成为影响青少年吸烟的主要因素，影响着青少年对控制吸烟的态度。应采取教育与行政干预相结合的办法，才能有效地改变学生的不健康行为，控制吸烟。     

1103名高中学生吸烟行为及心理调查分析

为了有的放矢的对学生进行吸烟行为及心理矫正，本文采用问卷方法对赣榆县中学１１０３名高中学生进行了调查。结果表明：高中学生吸烟率为７．１６％，男生吸烟率为９．４０％，女性吸烟率为１．８４％。吸烟始动原因是多方面的，有社会的、家庭的、学校的及心理因素。     

13岁前吸烟饮酒与中学生多种危害健康行为的关系

目的探讨13岁前吸烟、饮酒行为与中学时期多种危害健康行为的关系,以便为制定青少年危害健康行为的早期干预措施提供参考依据.方法采用修订的美国疾病控制中心(CDC)青少年危险行为监测问卷(YBBS)对3 127名合肥市城乡中学生进行无记名调查,问卷包括34项危害健康行为和9项社会人口统计学变量.结果中学生13岁以前吸烟率为9.7%,13岁以前的饮酒率为45.7%.13岁前吸烟的中学生,打架、自杀意念、每天吸烟、1 a内喝过酒、大量饮酒、上网时间过长、见过毒品、曾有性行为8项危害健康行为报告率高于对照组,差异有显著意义;13岁前饮酒中学生的打架、自杀意念、每天吸烟、1 a内喝过酒、大量饮酒、少食蔬菜、上网时间过长、见过毒品、曾有性行为等9项危害健康行为报告率高于对照组,差异有显著性.结论 13岁之前有吸烟或饮酒行为的中学生同时存在其他多种危害健康行为,避免儿童青少年早期接触烟酒对预防青少年时期多种危害健康行为有积极意义.     

幼师女生危害健康行为及其相关因素分析

目的：描述幼师学生危害健康行为的流行特征。方法：采用现况调查方法，整群抽取某幼儿师范学校的919名学生进行最近1年内危害健康行为及其相关因素的问卷调查。结果：幼师学生中危害健康行为普遍存在。伤害行为中，以骑车带人（40．8％）和认真考虑过自杀（18．6％）行为的发生率较高；不良生活方式中，曾经吸烟率和饮酒率分别高达32．1％和80．4％；幼师学生体育锻炼状况较好；不同年级间体重控制行为差异均存在显著意义（P＜0．05）。有抑郁性或焦虑性情绪的幼师学生各种危害健康行为的发生率显著高于无抑郁或无焦虑情绪者（P＜0．05）。逐步回归分析结果表明，幼师学生危害健康行为的发生与抑郁情绪和人格特性有关。结论：应联合学校、家庭、社会，尽早加强健康教育，帮助和指导幼师学生建立良好的行为和生活方式，提高健康水平。     

Modifying effect of suicidal ideation on the relationship between asthma and cigarette use behaviors among Korean adolescents

Objectives

Although cigarette smoking is known to be related to the exacerbation of asthma symptoms, several studies have indicated that the prevalence of cigarette smoking among asthmatic adolescents is similar to or even higher than that among non-asthmatic adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between asthma and cigarette use behaviors and whether or not the presence of suicidal ideation modifies this relationship among Korean adolescents.

Methods

We analyzed data from the 2008 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, which included a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students. Multiple logistic regression models were used to calculate odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals of cigarette use behaviors among current asthmatics, former asthmatics, and non-asthmatics, after adjusting for gender, grade, school records, socioeconomic status, current alcohol use, and suicidal ideation.

Results

Of 75 238 study participants, 3.5% were current asthmatics and 4.5% were former asthmatics. Compared with non-asthmatics, asthmatics were more likely to report current cigarette use, frequent and heavy cigarette use, and cigarette use before 13 years of age. There were statistically significant interactions between asthma and suicidal ideation in cigarette use behaviors.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that asthmatic adolescents are more likely than non-asthmatic adolescents to engage in cigarette use behaviors and the presence of suicidal ideation is an effect modifier of the relationship between asthma and cigarette use behaviors. Particular attention should be paid to the awareness of health risks of cigarette smoking and mental health problems among asthmatic adolescents.     

合肥地区中学生吸烟行为与主观生活质量评价

目的探讨中学生不同吸烟行为与主观生活质量的关系并分析吸烟行为的影响因素.方法1998年、2003年分别对合肥市城乡6所中学初一至高三年级学生曾经吸烟、13岁前吸烟、最近吸烟、规律吸烟、吸烟成瘾、尝试戒烟等6种吸烟行为进行监测,选用情绪症状、学校生活满意度、总体生活满意度等指标对主观生活质量进行评定,分析中学生吸烟行为的5年变化以及主观生活质量与吸烟行为的相关性.结果中学生13岁前吸烟、最近吸烟、规律吸烟和吸烟成瘾的发生率2003年（分别为8.8%、12.0%、5.6%和1.7%）比1998年（分别为3.1%、3.0%、1.7%和0.6%）增高,差异具有统计学意义.曾经吸烟、13岁前吸烟、最近吸烟、规律吸烟、未尝试戒烟和吸烟成瘾者抑郁、焦虑情绪症状检出率高,学校生活满意度低,对生活或自己的总体评价低.学校生活满意度高（OR=0.657）、对生活的总体评价高（OR=0.766）是近期吸烟的保护因素,抑郁合并焦虑是危险因素（OR=2.181）;学校生活满意度高是吸烟成瘾的保护因素（OR=0.388）,抑郁症状是吸烟成瘾（OR=2.753）和规律吸烟的危险因素（OR=1.676）.结论中学生吸烟行为非常普遍,并受到多种与认知、情绪相关的主观生活质量指标的影响.     

Relationship between physical disabilities or long-term health problems and health risk behaviors or conditions among US high school students

BACKGROUND: This study explores the relationship between self-reported physical disabilities or long-term health problems and health risk behaviors or adverse health conditions (self-reported engagement in violent behaviors, attempted suicide, cigarette smoking, alcohol and other drug use, sexual activity, physical activity, dietary behaviors, self-reported overweight [based on height and weight], physical health, and mental health) among US high school students. METHODS: Data were from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2005 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a cross-sectional paper-and-pencil survey collected from a representative sample of public and private high school students (grades 9 through 12) in the United States. RESULTS: Significantly more students with physical disabilities or long-term health problems than without described their health as fair or poor and reported being in a physical fight, being forced to have sexual intercourse, feeling sad or hopeless, seriously considering and attempting suicide, cigarette smoking, using alcohol and marijuana, engaging in sexual activity, using computers 3 or more hours per day, and being overweight (for all, p < or = .05). For none of the health risk behaviors analyzed were the rates significantly lower among students with physical disabilities or long-term health problems than among other students. CONCLUSIONS: Young people who live with physical disabilities or long-term health problems may be at greater risk for poor health outcomes. Public health and school health programs, with guidance from health care providers, need to work with these adolescents and their families to develop and implement appropriate interventions, with particular emphasis on promoting mental health.     

Do Schools Influence Student Risk-taking Behaviors and Emotional Health Symptoms?

PurposeMany schools engage in health promotion, health interventions, and services aimed at improving the health and well-being outcomes for students. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of schools on student health risk-taking behaviors and depressive symptoms.MethodA nationally representative sample (n = 9,056) of students from 96 secondary schools completed a health and well-being survey using Internet Tablets that included questions on school climate, health risk-taking behaviors, and mental health. Teachers (n = 2,901) and school administrators (n = 91) completed questionnaires on aspects of the school climate which included teacher well-being and burnout, the staff work environment, health and welfare services for students, and school organizational support for student health and well-being. Multilevel models were used to estimate school effects on the health risk-taking behaviors and depression symptoms among students.ResultsSchools where students reported a more positive school climate had fewer students with alcohol use problems, and fewer students engaging in violence and risky motor vehicle behaviors. Schools where teachers reported better health and welfare services for students had fewer students engaging in unsafe sexual health behaviors. Schools where teachers reported higher levels of well-being had fewer students reporting significant levels of depressive symptoms.ConclusionsMore positive school climates and better school health and welfare services are associated with fewer health risk-taking behaviors among students. However, the overall school effects were modest, especially for cigarette use and suicidal behaviors.     

咸宁市高中生吸烟状况及相关因素分析

目的了解高中生吸烟状况及其相关因素,为有效预防和控制青少年吸烟提供可靠依据。方法采用分层抽样方法,抽取咸宁市9所高中1 126名学生进行问卷调查。对单因素分析有统计学意义的因素采用多元Logistic回归分析。结果高中生尝试吸烟率为30.02%,其中男生为38.91%,女生为20.37%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。吸烟动机主要是不想拒绝别人递烟、摆脱烦恼、解乏提神、显示自主性。男生尝试吸烟行为的影响因素有与家里人吵架、在家独处时间、最要好的朋友劝吸、好友吸烟人数、过去30 d饮酒天数、拒绝别人递烟是否礼貌、敌意情绪,焦虑情绪;而父母是否允许与他们不认识的朋友外出、最要好的朋友劝吸、好友吸烟人数、拒绝别人递烟是否礼貌、焦虑情绪、抑郁情绪等是女生尝试吸烟的影响因素。结论高中生吸烟行为与多种因素相关,应采取综合干预措施预防和控制高中生吸烟。     

Patterns of health-risk behavior among Japanese high school students

This study explored patterns of health-risk behaviors among Japanese high school students and examined if a cluster and an accumulation of health-risk behaviors existed. Self-administered questionnaires were employed in 1999 using a sample of 1,466 students (male 50.5%, female 49.5%) in grades 10 through 12 at seven public senior high schools in Okinawa, Japan. Health-risk behaviors studied included cigarette smoking, alcohol use, thinner use, nonuse of seat belts, suicide ideation, sexual intercourse, weight loss practices, and physical inactivity. Among male and female students, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and sexual intercourse clustered. Accumulation of these risk behaviors also occurred because the observed proportion was greater than the expected proportion assuming independent occurrence. Vocational high school students and upper graders were strongly associated with accumulation of health risk behaviors. These findings identify a high-risk target group among Japanese adolescents and suggest that preventive intervention strategies should take into consideration the cluster and accumulation of health-risk behaviors.     

南京中学生健康危险行为与抑郁症状关系

目的 了解江苏省南京市中学生健康危险行为和抑郁症状分布情况,并探讨两者之间的关联。方法 采用青少年心理健康状况调查表,于2010年9-10月随机抽取南京市5所学校2 118名中学生进行问卷调查。结果 调查的2 118名中学生中,具有1、2、3项及以上健康危险行为的中学生分别为21.6%、6.0%、4.4%;抑郁症状检出率为46.0%,其中轻度、中度、重度抑郁症状检出率分别为29.4%、13.4%、3.3%;高中生、有健康危险行为的学生抑郁症状检出率均高于初中生、无健康危险行为的学生,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析显示,随着健康危险行为项数的增加,抑郁症状检出率呈上升趋势(χ_趋势²=58.9,P<0.05),调整人群归因危险度百分比(PARc%)为14.8%。结论 健康危险行为是罹患抑郁症状的危险因素,应引起学校、家庭和社会的重视。     

护校女生危害健康行为的流行病学研究

目的：了解中专女生危害健康行为的流行病学特征。方法：在某护士学校以无记名方式对448名1－3年级中专女生进行了最近一年内危害健康行为的问卷调查。结果：吸烟率1．12％,饮酒率29．69％,4．69％的学生考虑过自杀,0．67％的学生有过性行为,62．72％的学生缺少体育锻炼,48．66％的学生有过通宵达旦娱乐行为,4．69％的学生参与过赌博。结论：应加强健康教育,关注护校女生危害健康行为。