湿润烧伤膏与手术联合治疗褥疮的护理

目的 :减少溃疡期褥疮的术前准备时间 ,缩短褥疮的总病程。方法 :将 1996年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 5月收住院的 4 2例溃疡期褥疮病人按随机原则分为 2组 ,2 1例术前用湿润烧伤膏纱换药处理 ,为A组 (试验组 ) ;2 1例用庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药处理 ,为B组 (对照组 )。 2组病例的年龄、性别、发病原因、病灶部位、病灶范围等经统计学处理 ,无显著性差别 ,有可比性。两组病人均换药至创面新鲜行皮瓣转移手术 ;比较两组平均术前换药时间 ,及换药 +手术的总住院日。术前术后两组患者均运用护理程序施行整体护理。结果 :A组术前平均换药时间为 8 4 9± 2 2 3天 ,B组为 15 6 0± 6 70天 ;A组平均治愈时间为 2 0 5 0± 4 81天 ,B组为 35 31± 7 70天。结论 :湿润烧伤膏换药与庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药比较 ,前者可明显缩短褥疮手术的术前准备时间及病人的总住院天数。     

多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡81例临床观察

1995年 1月～ 1 998年 2月 ,我们采用多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡 (ＰＵ) ,并与雷尼替丁为对照组进行治疗观察 ,疗效满意 ,现总结报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 81例ＰＵ均因上腹痛、返酸、腹胀及食欲不振等症状 ,经胃镜诊断为溃疡活动期患者。病程 2个月～ 5ａ,平均 1 7ａ。伴有焦虑、抑郁及夜眠欠佳等症者59例。随机分为 2组 :治疗组 4 1例 ,男 3 8例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 8～ 3 6岁 ,平均 2 4岁。其中胃溃疡 1 1例 ,十二指肠球部溃疡 3 0例。对照组 4 0例 ,男 3 7例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 9～ 3 5岁 ,平均 2 4 5岁 ;胃溃疡 1 2…     

Long-term follow-up of patients with primary amyloidosis with MRI

The effect of chemotherapy on subjects with primary amyloidosis (AL-amyloidosis) were studied with MRI in five patients. The MRI was performed every 3–5 months for 23–60 months, and the T1 and T2 relaxation times were determined in liver and subcutaneous fat. In the patients as a whole T1 was significantly prolonged (P < 0.05), whereas T2 was within normal range. On follow-up with repeated MRI increasing T1 values could be measured in progressive disease (one patient) whereas decreasing T1 values seemed to parallel clinical improvements in four patients. The effect of different treatment schedules in AL-amyloidosis may be evaluated with MRI and the amount of amyloid deposits may be quantified. Correspondence to: K.-Å. Thuomas     

小腿穿支血管筋膜蒂皮瓣修复胫骨外露创面

目的 探讨小腿不同部化胫骨外露创面的修复方式。方法 应用小腿内、外、后侧穿支血管的筋膜蒂皮瓣邻近转位，对胫骨外露创面进行修复共32例。结果 术后1例皮瓣远端表皮坏死结痂，其余皮瓣均完全成活；1例皮瓣下肌肉坏死感染，伤口经换药延迟愈合，其余伤口均愈合良好。无一例骨髓炎发生。结论 小腿穿支血管筋膜蒂皮瓣切取方法简便、血供可靠，是胫骨外露中小型创面修复的较好方法之一。     

Treatment with 177Lu-DOTATOC of patients with relapse of neuroendocrine tumors after treatment with 90Y-DOTATOC.

Therapy with [(90)Y-DOTA(0), Tyr(3)]-octreotide (DOTATOC, where DOTA = tetraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid and TOC = D-Phe-c(Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys)-Thr(ol)) is established for the treatment of metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. Nevertheless, many patients experience disease relapse, and further treatment may cause renal failure. Trials with (177)Lu-labeled somatostatin analogs showed less nephrotoxicity. We initiated a prospective study with (177)Lu-DOTATOC in patients with relapsed neuroendocrine tumors after (90)Y-DOTATOC treatment. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients, pretreated with (90)Y-DOTATOC, were included. The mean time between the last treatment with (90)Y-DOTATOC and (177)Lu-DOTATOC was 15.4 +/- 7.8 mo (SD). All patients were injected with 7,400 MBq of (177)Lu-DOTATOC. Restaging was performed after 8-12 wk. Hematotoxicity or renal toxicity of World Health Organization grade 1 or 2 was not an exclusion criterion. RESULTS: Creatinine levels increased significantly, from 66 +/- 14 micromol/L to 100 +/- 44 micromol/L (P < 0.0001), after (90)Y-DOTATOC therapy. The mean hemoglobin level dropped from 131 +/- 14 to 117 +/- 13 g/L (P < 0.0001) after (90)Y-DOTATOC therapy. (177)Lu-DOTATOC therapy was well tolerated. No serious adverse events occurred. The mean absorbed doses were 413 +/- 159 mGy for the whole body, 3.1 +/- 1.5 Gy for the kidneys, and 61 +/- 5 mGy for the red marrow. After restaging, we found a partial remission in 2 patients, a minor response in 5 patients, stable disease in 12 patients, and progressive disease in 8 patients. Mean hemoglobin and creatinine levels did not change significantly. CONCLUSION: (177)Lu-DOTATOC therapy in patients with relapse after (90)Y-DOTATOC treatment is feasible, safe, and efficacious. No serious adverse events occurred.     

TACE联合阿帕替尼治疗中晚期肝细胞癌无进展生存时间的影响因素分析

目的探讨可能影响肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合阿帕替尼治疗中晚期肝细胞癌(HCC)患者无进展生存时间(PFS)的因素。方法回顾性分析2016年1至3月收治的32例用TACE联合阿帕替尼治疗的中晚期HCC患者。记录每例患者的疾病无进展生存期(PFS),并对所有可能影响患者PFS的因素进行分析。使用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行统计分析,以P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。结果本研究患者的中位PFS(mPFS)是14个月;BCLC B期患者mPFS为18个月,而BCLC C期患者为8个月;治疗前AFP<400 ng/mL患者mPFS为16个月,而治疗前AFP≥400 ng/mL患者为11个月;高血压患者m PFS为18个月,无高血压患者为10个月;蛋白尿患者m PFS为19个月,而无蛋白尿患者为12个月;伴手足综合征患者m PFS为16个月,而无手足综合征患者为9个月,以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论BCLC分期、治疗前AFP水平以及高血压、蛋白尿、手足综合征的发生情况是TACE联合阿帕替尼治疗中晚期HCC患者PFS的影响因素,且BCLC分期和高血压的发生情况是影响患者PFS的独立预后因素。     

乙胺碘呋酮治疗急性心肌梗死合并快速性心律失常疗效观察

目的：研究静脉应用乙胺碘呋酮治疗急性心肌梗死合并快速性心律失常疗效及安全性。方法：对35例急性心肌梗死并发的快速性心房纤颤、室性心动过速和（或）心室颤动,首剂给予乙胺碘呋酮150mg,15min内缓慢注入,若心律失常控制不满意,间隔15min静脉追加150mg,随后以（0.5～1.0）mg/min静脉滴注维持,依病情逐渐减量,静脉应用同时加用口服乙胺碘呋酮200mg,3次/d,1w后改为200mg,2次/d,1w后减少为200mg,1次/d,维持至总疗程8w。结果：总有效率80%,静脉应用早期对PR、QRS、QTc间期均无影响。不良反应12.5%,用药期间无因乙胺碘呋酮导致或加重的心功能不全。结论：静脉应用乙胺碘呋酮治疗急性心肌梗死合并快速性心律失常安全有效。     

Quantitative evaluation of muscle perfusion with CEUS and with MR

Functional imaging might increase the role of imaging in muscular diseases, since alterations of muscle morphology alone are not specific for a particular disease. Perfusion, i.e., the blood flow per tissue and time unit including capillary flow, is an important functional parameter. Pathological changes of skeletal muscle perfusion can be found in various clinical conditions, such as degenerative or inflammatory myopathies or peripheral arterial occlusive disease. This article reviews the theoretical basics of functional radiological techniques for assessing skeletal muscle perfusion and focuses on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Also, the applications of microvascular imaging, such as in detection of myositis and for discriminating myositis from other myopathies or evaluating peripheral arterial occlusive disease, are presented, and possible clinical indications are discussed. In conclusion, dedicated MR and CEUS methods are now available that visualize and quantify (patho-)physiologic information about microcirculation within skeletal muscles in vivo and hence establish a useful diagnostic tool for muscular diseases. Invited review article to European Radiology.     

尼膜同治疗老年血管性痴呆合并高血压的临床研究

目的探讨口服尼膜同治疗老年血管性痴呆合并原发性高血压的临床疗效。方法选取老年血管性痴呆合并高血压门诊患者,采用自身治疗前后对照设计,比较口服尼膜同前后收缩压、舒张压变化;采用MMSE、ADL量表,评价治疗前后患者智力水平和日常生活能力情况。结果不同级别原发性高血压老年患者治疗后收缩压、舒张压低于治疗前（P〈0.05）;服用尼膜同4 w后,患者MMSE、ADL量表得分高于治疗前（P〈0.05）;观察期内只有1例患者出现一过性头晕。结论尼膜同对老年血管性痴呆合并高血压具有较好的治疗效果,可明显改善患者认知功能和日常生活能力,同时具有降低血压的效果,且不良反应发生率低。     

Possibilities of diagnosing lymphoma with MR-tomography--comparison with other imaging technics

A retrospective study of 57 patients was made to assess the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for demonstrating malignant lymph node disease in comparison with other imaging modalities. All patients were suspected of having lymphadenopathy in cervical, mediastinal or abdominal lymph nodes. MRI was superior in differentiating tumor involved lymph nodes from surrounding structures. On the other hand this advantage was curtailed by the spatial resolution, poorer than CT. In comparison with ultrasound MRI is the better reproducible modality and is independent of patients' constitution. Additionally MRI gives a completer overview, including retrocrural and pelvic lymph nodes. In conclusion the useful routine of ultrasonography first, completed by CT will not be changed by MRI. MRI as an additional modality is only indicated to differentiate enlarged lymph nodes from vascular structures or muscles.     

银屑病患者伴发代谢综合征的临床特点

目的 调查银屑病伴发代谢综合征患者的临床特点.方法 对202例银屑病患者进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查,指标包括身高、体重、腰围、空腹血糖、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和血压.代谢综合征诊断标准采用2005年国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)制定的标准.比较伴发代谢综合征的银屑病患者(MS组)与不伴发代谢综合征的银屑病患者(非MS组)的性别、年龄、发病年龄、病程、病情严重程度、文化程度、家族遗传史、生化指标及生活方式.结果 202例银屑病患者伴发代谢综合征者45例,占22.27%;MS组患者腰围、空腹血糖、甘油三酯、血压均较非MS组高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇较非MS组患者低,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01);MS组患者较非MS组患者年龄大,发病年龄晚,病程长,病情重,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);生活方式调查显示MS组吸烟、饮酒患者明显多于非MS组(P<0.05).结论 银屑病患者代谢综合征的发生率较高,可能与吸烟、饮酒等不良生活方式有关.     

Management of patients with stunned myocardium associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage

Cardiac complications are well known after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Electrocardiographic changes occur in 50% to 100% of such cases. Arrhythmias, left ventricular dysfunction, and frank myocardial infarction are infrequently observed. Myocardial infarction must be differentiated from neurogenic stunned myocardium, which is a reversible condition. From 1996 to 2001, 105 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage underwent endovascular treatment at the University of Michigan. Of these, four patients with no history of cardiac disease experienced cardiac failure related to neurogenic stunned myocardium. All had signs of left ventricular dysfunction, electrocardiographic changes, and elevated cardiac enzymes. Three had pulmonary edema at presentation. All were diagnosed with myocardial infarction. One underwent coronary angiography, which was normal. All were considered poor surgical candidates and underwent endovascular treatment of the aneurysms. Three of four patients developed symptomatic vasospasm, and two required balloon angioplasty. Three patients achieved good outcomes. The eldest died from severe vasospasm that was unresponsive to angioplasty. Reversible cardiac failure associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage may be due the neurogenic stunned myocardium. Frequent symptomatic vasospasm occurs, possibly related to poor cardiac output and the inability to optimize hyperdynamic hypervolemic therapy, particularly with compromised volume status. These patients can be treated with endovascular therapy of the aneurysms and balloon angioplasty as needed. With aggressive management, patients can recover from these reversible cardiac complications.     

Five-year survival of patients with larynx carcinoma treated with irradiation

182 cases of laryngeal carcinoma treated with irradiation alone or combined surgery and radiotherapy are presented. The five-year survival of the whole series was 56%. 109 (60%) of the cases had a glottic, and 73 (40%) a supraglottic tumour. Of the patients with glottic tumour 58% and of those with supraglottic tumour 53% survived five years. There was no significant difference between cases treated with conventional X-rays and cobalt therapy except in T1 cases which were treated with radiotherapy alone: of the 21 cases treated with X-rays eleven (52%), and of 29 treated with cobalt 24 (83%) survived five years.     

小儿中毒性表皮松解坏死症3例

中毒性表皮松解坏死症(TEN)又名Lyell病,1956年由Lyell首次报告。由于该病比较罕见,临床表现复杂多样,早期确诊困难,易被误诊。我们将收治的3例TEN小儿患者的治疗作一报告。     

中药内服联合窄谱中波紫外线治疗白癜风疗效观察

目的观察中药内服配合窄谱中波紫外线（NB-UVB）治疗泛发性白癜风的疗效,并对其作用机理进行初步探讨。方法将76例病例随机分为治疗组与对照组,对照组30例进行NB-UVB照射,治疗组46例在对照组治疗基础上加服中药,疗程均为5周。结果治疗组痊愈率为21.74%,总有效率为86.96%,对照组痊愈率为13.33%,总有效率为60%。治疗组痊愈率与有效率均高于对照组,两组疗法的痊愈率比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）,有效率比较差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论中药内服配合NB-UVB治疗白癜风疗效显著。     

卤米松乳膏联合甘草锌颗粒治疗湿疹疗效观察

2008—03至2009—09笔者采用0．05％卤米松乳膏（商品名澳能,香港澳美制药厂）联合甘草锌颗粒（江苏瑞年前进制药有限公司）治疗慢性或亚急性湿疹,取得较满意的疗效。