Anterior capsular contraction after cataract surgery in eyes of diabetic patients

AIM—To investigate change in the area of anterior capsular opening (ACO) after cataract surgery and its relation to the degree of postoperative anterior inflammation in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).
METHODS—31 eyes of 31 patients with DM and 30 eyes of 30 normal controls scheduled to undergo cataract surgery were examined prospectively. The area of ACO was measured with an anterior eye segment analysis system (EAS-1000) on the day following surgery and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Comparative analyses were made on the area of ACO relative to the presence of DM and diabetic retinopathy (DR). The percentage reduction of area of ACO was calculated from values 1 day and 12 months after surgery, and multiple regression analysis was performed on the presence of DM, patient age, ACO area on the first postoperative day, and aqueous flare intensity 1 day and 12 months after surgery.
RESULTS—The area was significantly smaller in the DM group at 3 (p=0.015, Student's t test), 6 (p=0.011), and 12 (p=0.010) months postoperatively. Patients having DR showed significantly smaller ACO area than the non-DR group 3 (p=0.039), 6 (p=0.033), and 12 (p=0.028) months after surgery. Multiple regression analysis revealed that presence of DM (p=0.003) and aqueous flare intensity 12 months after surgery (p=0.039) significantly correlated with the percentage reduction of area of ACO. Age, ACO area at 1 day postoperatively, and aqueous flare intensity immediately after surgery were not relevant to ACO contraction.
CONCLUSIONS—Anterior capsular contraction after cataract surgery was greater in eyes of DM patients, especially in those with DR and increased permeability of the blood-aqueous barrier.

     

Results of cataract surgery in previously vitrectomized eyes

PURPOSE: To evaluate the difficulties and results of manual extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and phacoemulsification cataract surgery performed in previously vitrectomized eyes. SETTING: Pécs University of Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Pécs, Hungary. METHODS: This retrospective case-control study comprised a series of 84 cataract extractions with or without intraocular lens implantation. Forty-three patients had manual ECCE and 41, phacoemulsification. The intraoperative and postoperative complications and visual outcomes in the 2 groups were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: Cataract extractions were performed a mean of 15.8 months (range 1 to 86 months) after the pars plana vitrectomy. The indications for vitrectomy were diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, giant retinal tear, macular hole, eye trauma, vitreous hemorrhage after central retinal vein occlusion, and uveitis. Primary posterior capsule fibrosis was the most common intraoperative complication, occurring in 24% of eyes. Posterior capsule rupture occurred in 5 eyes in the ECCE group and 3 in the phacoemulsification group. Zonulysis occurred in 2 and 1 eyes, respectively. A dropped nucleus occurred in 3 cases in the phacoemulsification group. Posterior capsule opacification and secondary glaucoma were the most common postoperative complications, occurring in 5 and 3 cases in the ECCE group, respectively, and in 3 and 4 cases in the phacoemulsification group. Visual acuity 6 weeks postoperatively improved or remained within 2 Snellen lines in 95% of eyes, which is comparable to data in the recent literature. CONCLUSIONS: Phacoemulsification gave better results than manual ECCE in previously vitrectomized eyes. Underlying retinal disease limited the final visual acuity.     

Anterior capsule contraction syndrome after cataract phacoemulsification surgery

Cataract facoemulsification with continuous anterior capsulorhexis and foldable intraocular lens implantation into the capsular bag has become basic, standard method in cataract surgery and curvilinear capsulorhexis s the most common technique for opening the anterior lens capsule. The opening, made during the operation, within several months of postoperative evolution gradually constricts and in extreme cases it may even close completely. That course of healing is not desirable because of evoking a noted impairment of vision. Decreasing in the anterior capsule opening is observed mostly in eyes with weakened lens zonules. It happens in high myopia, retinitis pigmentosa, diabetes mellitus, retinopathia diabetica, pseudoexfoliation syndrome, uveitis and people of well advanced age. Inspired by observation of a particular, quite drastic case of capsule contraction syndrome, we attempted to analyze the causes, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical course, prevention and treatment of options for that syndrome.     

Anterior chamber configuration changes after cataract surgery in eyes with glaucoma

Purpose

To evaluate changes in anterior chamber depth (ACD) and angle width induced by phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in eyes with glaucoma, using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Methods

Eleven eyes of 11 patients with angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) and 12 eyes of 12 patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) underwent phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. Using AS-OCT, ACD and angle parameters were measured before and 2 days after surgery. Change in intraocular pressure (IOP) and number of ocular hypotensive drugs were evaluated.

Results

After surgery, central ACD and angle parameters increased significantly in eyes with glaucoma (p < 0.05). Prior to surgery, mean central ACD in the ACG group was approximately 1.0 mm smaller than that in the OAG group (p < 0.001). Post surgery, mean ACD of the ACG group was still significantly smaller than that of the OAG group. No significant differences were found in angle parameters between the ACG and OAG groups. In the ACG group, postoperative IOP at the final visit was significantly lower than preoperative IOP (p = 0.018) and there was no significant change in the number of ocular hypotensive medications used, although clinically, patients required fewer medications. In the OAG group, the IOP and number of ocular hypotensive drugs were almost unchanged after surgery.

Conclusions

The ACD and angle width in eyes with glaucoma increased significantly after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. Postoperative ACD significantly differed between the ACG and OAG groups, whereas angle parameters did not differ.     

Stabilization of anterior chamber depth during phacoemulsification cataract surgery in vitrectomized eyes

Abnormal fluctuations in anterior chamber (AC) depth including deepening and mydriasis with paradoxical shallowing and miosis have been described during phacoemulsification cataract surgery in previously vitrectomized eyes. Contributory factors include zonular laxity and reduction of vitreous volume. This report describes a technique to stabilize AC depth and allow safer sculpting and removal of lens matter.     

Anterior capsular phimosis in eyes with a capsular tension ring.

A 64-year-old woman with zonular weakness in the left eye and a 79-year-old man with bilateral pseudoexfoliation and intraoperative zonular dehiscence had phacoemulsification with in-the-bag implantation of a single-piece poly(methyl methacrylate) intraocular lens (IOL) and a capsular tension ring. Ten to 12 weeks postoperatively, all 3 eyes developed significant visual loss secondary to capsule shrinkage and occlusion of the capsulorhexis opening. All eyes had a neodymium:YAG laser radial anterior capsulotomy, anterior capsulectomy, or both. Visual acuity was restored in all eyes despite slight IOL decentration.     

Microincision cataract surgery in a vitrectomized eye

Phacoemulsification after vitrectomy is associated with several intraoperative problems. We describe the use of bimanual microincision cataract surgery using an 18-gauge needle as the irrigating chopper combined with silicone oil removal in a vitrectomized eye. This technique may offer a safe alternative to standard phacoemulsification in such cases.     

Comparative study of femtosecond laser‐assisted cataract surgery and conventional phacoemulsification in vitrectomized eyes

Importance

To compare the safety and outcomes of femtosecond laser‐assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and conventional phacoemulsification in post‐vitrectomy eyes.

Background

To compare visual outcomes and adverse outcomes of FLACS and conventional phacoemulsification in vitrectomized eyes.

Design

Single surgeon, retrospective study set in a private clinic in Auckland, New Zealand. Patients selected in a chronological manner, without masking or randomization.

Participants

Only patients undergoing cataract extraction following vitrectomy were included.

Methods

The last 25 surgeries performed prior to acquisition of the femtosecond laser and the first 25 surgeries performed following acquisition of the femtosecond laser were included. Patient demographic data, preoperative and postoperative visual acuities were collected. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were compared. Follow‐up ranged from 1 to 74 months.

Main Outcome Measures

The main outcome measures are postoperative visual outcomes and intra‐ and postoperative complications for both groups.

Results

Results of FLACS compared to conventional phacoemulsification are as follows: preoperative logMAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (0.63 vs. 0.69), postoperative logMAR BCVA (0.17 vs. 0.19), posterior capsule complications (0% vs. 12%, P = 0.235), cystoid macular oedema (CMO) (12% vs. 20%, P = 0.705) and postoperative neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy (16% vs. 48%, P = 0.032).

Conclusions and Relevance

FLACS demonstrates comparable visual outcomes to conventional phacoemulsification. Whilst outcomes measured were not statistically significant, except postoperative YAG capsulotomy, FLACS showed a trend towards a better intraoperative and postoperative safety profile. Femtosecond laser offers a theoretical advantage in reducing complication rates in post‐vitrectomy eyes, further larger studies are needed.     

Early age-related maculopathy in eyes after cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To assess age-related maculopathy (ARM) in eyes of patients who had undergone cataract surgery for at least a year. METHODS: Consecutive patients aged 60+ years who had undergone cataract surgery at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia, during 2001-2003 were examined in 2004. Interview using standardized questionnaires and stereo retinal photography was performed. Retinal photographs were graded using the Wisconsin ARM grading system. The proportions with ARM were compared between surgical and nonsurgical eyes, and between this surgical cohort and the Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES) population. RESULTS: Of the 622 eligible patients, 454 (73%) were re-examined, with a mean follow-period of 2.8 years. Surgical eyes had a higher proportion of early ARM compared to nonsurgical eyes (15.2 vs10.3%, P=0.07) and to the early ARM prevalence found in BMES participants of similar age (14.5 vs6.9%, P<0.01), which persisted after age standardization to the BMES population (9.7 vs6.9%, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We found an increased prevalence of early ARM in surgical eyes of patients 1-3 years after cataract surgery. Whether this increased early ARM prevalence leads to an increased prevalence of late ARM in the long-term warrants further investigation.     

白内障手术后后囊膜混浊的量化比较

Objective To evaluate posterior capsular opacification(PCO)with hydrophnbie and use a software program developed to provide an objective assessment of the amount of PCO in digital images of the posterior capsule to quantify PCO.Methods Ninety-eight eyes underwent standardized phacoemulasification and "in the bag" IOL placement.They were randomized to receive a three piece lens of hydrophobic or silicone,but lens materials is different in one case.On years 1 and 2 digitized retroillumination images were taken of the posterior capsule.Images were analyzed by POCO software program,removing the Purkinje light reflexes,contrast enhancement,filtering to enhance low-density PCO.Results Percentage PCO were in 0.32±0.13 ofhydrophobic acrylic IOLs at year 1,compared with 0.39±0.17 of silicone(P=0.37).At year 2,percentage PCO were in 0.42+0.20 with hydrophobic acrylic IOLs,0.344±0.18 with silicone IOLs(P=0.50).Of those patients with PCO at year 1 and year 2,the severity grades were 0.50±0.30 and 0.82±0.58 of hydrophobic acrylic cases,compared with 0.63±0.35 and 0.55±0.35 of patients with silicone IOLs(P=0.52,P=0.69).Conclusions The POCO system is capable of producing an objective and repeatable measurement of PCO that is relevant to assessing techniques of PCO prevention.     

后发性白内障的预防

后发性白内障（PCO）是白内障术后最常见的并发症。多年来,从人工晶状体（IOL）材料选择、IOL设计,或手术方式选择如前囊膜抛光、后囊膜切开联合前段玻璃体切除术、植入囊袋张力环（CTR）、植入囊膜接触抑制环（CAPR）等方面预防PCO研究报道较多。但多数预防方法临床效果存在争议,其作用机制尚未明确,长期效果尚不确定。 （眼科, 2014, 23： 76-79）     

白内障手术后后囊膜混浊的量化比较

目的 评估白内障术后疏水件丙烯酸人工晶状体SensarAR40e和硅胶人工晶状体的后囊膜混浊(PCO),并用能客观评估PCO的软件量化分析.方法 共选择98只眼行标准的超声乳化白内障吸除术,人工晶状体囊袋内固定.所有眼随机植入Sensar AR40e或硅胶人工晶状体,但同一患者植入的人工晶状体必须不同.在第1年和第2年时后照法拍摄后囊膜图像,通过去除浦肯野反光、增强对比度、过滤后增强低密度的PCO等方法处理后用POCO软件分析对比.结果 术后1年疏水性丙烯酸人工晶状体PCO为(0.32±0.13)%硅胶人工晶状体为(0.39±0.17)%(P=0.37).2年时疏水性丙烯酸人工晶状体PCO为(0.42±0.20)%,硅胶品状体为(0.34±0.18)%(P=0.50).患者术后1年,2年时疏水性丙烯酸人工品状体PCO的严重级别分别是(0.50±0.30)和(0.82±0.58),‘亏硅胶人工晶状体的(0.63±0.35)和(0.55±0.35)相比,无统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 PCO后囊膜混浊量化分析系统提供了客观而且可重复性强的量化PCO的方法,也是研究预防PCO技术的有力工具.     

白内障术后后囊膜混浊的量化分析(英文)

目的:评估白内障术后疏水性丙烯酸人工晶状体Sensar AR40e和硅胶人工晶状体的后囊膜混浊(PCO),并用能客观评估PCO的软件量化分析。方法:共选择98眼行标准的超声乳化白内障吸除术,人工晶状体囊袋内固定。所有眼随机植入Sensar AR40e或硅胶人工晶状体,但同一患者植入的人工晶状体必须不同。在第1～2a时后照法拍摄后囊膜图像,通过去除浦肯野反光、增强对比度、过滤后增强低密度的PCO等方法处理后用POCO软件分析对比。结果:术后1a疏水性丙烯酸人工晶状体PCO百分比为0.32±0.13,硅胶人工晶状体为0.39±0.17(P=0.37)。2a时疏水性丙烯酸人工晶状体PCO百分比为0.42±0.20,硅胶晶状体为0.34±0.18(P=0.50)。患者术后1,2a时疏水性丙烯酸人工晶状体PCO的严重级别分别是0.50±0.30和0.82±0.58,与硅胶人工晶状体的0.63±0.35和0.55±0.35相比,无统计学意义(P=0.52,P=0.69)。结论:POCO后囊膜混浊量化分析系统提供了客观而且可重复性强的量化PCO的方法,也是研究预防PCO技术的有力工具。     

Suprachoroidal hemorrhage during cataract surgery in a vitrectomized eye

We report a case of surprachoroidal hemorrhage (SCH) that occurred during cataract surgery in a previously vitrectomized eye. The only sign of SCH was a progressive shadow obscuring the red reflex. There was no increase in intraocular pressure (IOP), shallowing of the anterior chamber, or iris prolapse. Postoperatively, the SCH gradually resolved without complications, leaving a series of subretinal pigmentary lines. Surgeons should be aware that the signs normally expected in SCH may not develop in vitrectomized eyes. Obscuration of the red reflex may be the only sign of the hemorrhage, and when this happens, it may be prudent to keep the IOP elevated and suture the incision at the end of the procedure.