使用婴儿培养箱患儿的医院感染相关因素分析及对策

目的 分析使用婴儿培养箱患儿医院感染相关因素,提出对策.方法 对医院儿科2005年1月-2008年9月使用婴儿培养箱发生的医院感染病例进行回顾性分析.结果 205例使用婴儿培养箱的患儿共发生感染14例,医院感染率为6.82%;抵抗力差、卫生观念淡薄、不严格执行清洁消毒制度和手卫牛规范、基础护理不到位、培养箱湿度高均是发生医院感染的危险因素.结论 严格清洁消毒制度和手卫生规范,合理使用抗菌药物,加强基础护理和护理管理等可以降低医院感染发生率.     

婴儿培养箱备用及使用时间的内环境污染相关性调查

婴儿培养箱主要用于早产儿、病弱婴儿,在抢救治疗中起着非常重要的作用,然而,婴儿培养箱备用和使用时间没有明确规定,使用中存在随意性.为了解不同环境下、不同时间段培养箱内环境污染状况,我们对婴儿培养箱备用及使用时间的内环境污染相关性进行调查,为规范管理提供数据支持.     

宁波戴维TI-2000运输用培养箱定期保养与故障分析

婴儿运输用培养箱是专为早产儿或发育不良的新生儿开发研制的一种恒温设备，它必须是一个既能为婴儿提供空气清洁、温度稳定、湿度适宜、环境安静的治疗环境，同时又便于医护人员的观察、护理和治疗的装置。婴儿培养箱目前已普遍应用于综合性医院、妇幼保健院、儿童医院等，运输用培养箱适用于短距离内对早产儿的转运，     

基于T/CAME37-2021团体标准的婴儿培养箱运行性能参数实时监测

目的:依据国家卫生部关于《婴儿培养箱温度和湿度实时监测系统技术要求》(T/CAME37-2021)团体标准,研制婴儿培养箱温度和相对湿度实时监测系统,对婴儿培养箱运行性能参数实时监测与分析,提升婴儿培养箱使用的安全管理.方法:软件设计从采集→显示→传输→展示及分析整个过程的功能出发,将感知层、传输层和应用层3层功能串联...     

婴儿培养箱基本性能研究与改进

根据对婴儿培养箱多年的临床使用与维修体会,阐述了婴儿培养箱基本性能要求,并指出现行的此类设备存在的问题,及具体改进方法。     

婴儿培养箱监控系统综述

婴儿培养箱监控系统的作用为收集和分析培养箱中的被测参数,监控、评估其性能及早产儿的健康状态.一个高效的监控系统对确保培养箱的安全运行及监控早产儿的健康状态至关重要.该文介绍了婴儿培养箱监控系统的组成、各组成部分的研究现状和发展趋势,为研发出更加高效好用又符合性能需求的婴儿培养箱监控系统提供了参考.     

婴儿培育箱的质量控制管理及预防性维护

婴儿培育箱在新生儿及早产儿的治疗与护理中起着重要作用,被广泛用于各级医院的产科、新生儿科等科室。婴儿培育箱可为新生儿及早产儿提供适宜的温度、湿度环境,有效促进其生长发育和康复。婴儿培育箱的使用对象多为自身调节能力很弱的低体重儿、早产儿、高危病弱产儿等,因此婴儿培养箱的使用安全及质量控制直接影响使用者的生命安全。该研究介绍了婴儿培育箱的结构原理,以及临床管理中婴儿培育箱安全质量管理及预防性维护工作内容,为婴儿培养箱的安全使用提供参考。     

外置注入式婴儿培养箱消毒装置的实现原理及设计

该研究首先阐述了婴儿培养箱消毒的重要性,然后从臭氧的消毒机理展开讨论,根据婴儿培养箱的结构特点和臭氧消毒的优势,结合临床应用得到臭氧消毒的实现原理,提出一种外置注入式婴儿培养箱消毒装置的设计方法。该设计通过在婴儿培养箱箱体外安装一套消毒装置,利用该装置中的电子臭氧发生器现场制取臭氧消毒气体,经输气管将臭氧消毒气体注入婴儿培养箱箱体内,在一定浓度和时间的作用下达到消毒的目的,为婴儿培养箱消毒提供了一套安全有效、简单实用的臭氧消毒方法,且该消毒装置具有设计合理、创意新颖、制作简单、操作方便,以及消毒无死角、无二次残留污染等优点。     

婴儿培养箱温度报警控制器的设计

为避免婴儿培养箱加热温度过高对婴儿产生危险，该研究设计一款婴儿培养箱专用的温度报警控制器，以单片机为控制核心，通过霍尔传感器检测电流、温度传感器监测温度，使用数码管显示监测到的温度，使用继电器作为断电控制器，使用蜂鸣器作为报警器，从而保证临床使用婴儿培养箱时的医疗安全。     

婴儿培养箱低温报警和双加热电路

为了抢救和治疗患病的新生儿、早产儿,针对早产儿和发育不良新生儿的特点,临床上使用婴儿培养箱作为对婴儿进行护理与治疗的特殊场所。为了克服现有婴儿培养箱存在的不足,在现有的婴儿培养箱的基础上,增设低温报警电路和一组加热器作为副加热器,作为备用加热器。当箱内出现低温时,低温继电器工作,副加热器和低温报警器得电工作,产生加热和报警。     

Risk factors of sudden infant death syndrome and risk factors for sleep disturbances

Relationship between major risk factors of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and sleep disorders in the infants is the subject of review and discussion. Improper micro‐environmental characteristics (especially poor environmental organisation and lack of developmental stimulation), pre‐term delivery and/or infant low birth weight, prone sleep position, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and infant–parent(s) bed‐sharing are among well‐established risk factors of SIDS. These factors may also be associated with sleep disorders in infants, principally with bedtime problems, abnormal night awakenings, and arrhythmic sleep. As an attempt to fix sleep problems, some inexperienced parents may try infant‐rearing practices that may only aggravate sleep troubles and lead to further increased risk of SIDS, thus giving start to a vicious circle. Health care providers need to be aware of such situations as an opportunity to provide parents with guidance with respect for individual infant and family characteristics.     

静吸复合麻醉在婴幼儿先天性胆总管囊肿手术中的应用

目的探讨婴幼儿先天性胆总管囊肿手术的麻醉方法。方法总结分析50例先天性胆总管囊肿手术的麻醉资料．病例分成两组,A组采取气管内插管静吸复合麻醉,B组采取基础＋硬膜外麻醉。结果A组麻醉效果优良百分率为92％．明显高于B组64％（P〈0．01）,循环较B组平稳（P〈0．01）,术中镇痛优于B组（P〈0．01）。结论静吸复合麻醉用于婴幼儿先天性胆总管囊肿手术,麻醉效果好,术中呼吸循环稳定,是一种安全有效的麻醉方法。     

婴儿肠绞痛研究进展

婴儿肠绞痛是近年来儿科保健领域研究热点,病因发病机制尚未确定,且目前尚缺乏统一的诊断标准和干预措施,本文着重阐述了婴儿肠绞痛的诊断、发病机制及临床干预,以期为临床实践和进一步的研究提供参考。     

A survey of feeding practices in infants with phenylketonuria

Background: Although the management of phenylketonuria (PKU) in infancy and early childhood is a critical part of the overall care of the disorder, there are few guidelines on infant feeding in this condition. This survey was undertaken to establish the practices of dietitians from major PKU centres in Australia and the UK. Methods: A postal questionnaire examining infant feeding practices was sent to dietitians at nine major PKU centres in the UK and four in Australia, with each dietitian describing the infant feeding process in their last five infants. A total of 63 infants were investigated. Results: A lower than expected incidence of infants with PKU were breast fed at the time of diagnosis: 28% of infants in the UK and 41% from Australia. Amino acid intake varied between 2.0 g kg^?1 day^?1 to 3.5 g kg^?1 day^?1 with 86% of dietitians calculating total amino acid intake derived from both protein substitute intake and normal infant formula. Amino acid intake was not calculated in breast-fed infants. In breast-fed infants, phenylalanine-free protein substitute was always given before breast feeds. In bottle-fed infants, normal infant formula was given before phenylalanine-free protein substitute in 75% of infants. Solids were usually introduced between 3 and 6 months and phenylalanine-free solids were given initially to the majority of infants. Most problems were seen when introducing a more concentrated phenylalanine-free protein substitute to maintain the required amino acid intake in older infants. Age of introduction varied between 4 and 12 months and type of approach included concentrating infant protein substitutes, use of L -amino acid protein substitutes only, or L -amino acid protein substitutes with added carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals. Conclusions: There appeared to be no uniform policy of infant feeding in PKU and more work is needed correlating practices to develop national and even international protocols for management.     

深圳市婴儿睡眠现状流行病学研究

【目的】 通过对深圳市婴儿睡眠现状的调查研究,了解婴儿睡眠存在的问题,分析可能影响婴儿睡眠问题的危险因素,为儿科和儿童保健工作者解决婴儿睡眠问题提供科学依据。 【方法】 采用分层随机整群抽样的方法抽取全市5家社区健康服务中心共904名婴儿父母进行问卷调查及气质测试。 【结果】 深圳市婴儿睡眠问题发生率为43.0%; 2) 婴儿睡眠姿势6月龄前以仰卧为主,6月龄后侧卧、不固定姿势均随着月龄增长逐渐增多, 婴儿自行入睡及需外界帮助入睡方式均与月龄无关;3)影响婴儿睡眠问题的主要因素有父母缺乏睡眠知识,婴儿难养型气质、夜间睡眠开灯等。 【结论】 婴儿睡眠问题已引起父母广泛关注,父母缺乏睡眠知识而又过多干预婴儿睡眠,是婴儿建立正常的睡眠模式主要相关危险因素。     

Parental Reports on Early Autism Behaviors in Their Children with Fragile X Syndrome as a Function of Infant Feeding

This study evaluates the prevalence of autistic behaviors in fragile X syndrome as a function of infant diet. Retrospective survey data from the Fragile X Syndrome Nutrition Study, which included data on infant feeding and caregiver-reported developmental milestones for 190 children with fragile X syndrome enrolled in the Fragile X Online Registry with Accessible Database (FORWARD), were analyzed. Exploratory, sex-specific associations were found linking the use of soy-based infant formula with worse autistic behaviors related to language in females and self-injurious behavior in males. These findings prompt prospective evaluation of the effects of soy-based infant formula on disease comorbidities in fragile X syndrome, a rare disorder for which newborn screening could be implemented if there was an intervention. Gastrointestinal problems were the most common reason cited for switching to soy-based infant formula. Thus, these findings also support the study of early gastrointestinal problems in fragile X syndrome, which may underly the development and severity of disease comorbidities. In conjunction with comorbidity data from the previous analyses of the Fragile X Syndrome Nutrition Study, the findings indicate that premutation fragile X mothers should be encouraged to breastfeed.     

妇婴诊断相关组进展及分组研究探讨

摘要:目的　本文研究应用较广的10个诊断相关组（Diagnosis-Related Groups,DRGs）妇婴分组,以探讨建立适合我国国情的妇婴DRGs体系,以及建模中可汲取的经验和需注意的问题。方法　采用文献研究和专家评议的方法。资料来源于Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews、MEDLINE、Web of Science、Internet及中国知网全文数据库。结果　各国妇婴DRGs分组逻辑和并发症与合并症再分组方法及分组结果差异较大,女性生殖系统疾病或紊乱组（MDC13）Nord-DRGs的DRGs分组最少（17个）,GHM的分组最多（94个）。妊娠、分娩和产褥期（MDC14）组DRGs分组最少为MS-DRGs（15个）,最多为CMG+（88个）。新生儿（MDC15）组Adjacent DRGs（ADRGs）和DRGs最少的都为MS-DRGs（6个ADRGs,7个DRGs）,最多也为CMG+（分别为29组和116组）。结论　我国的妇婴DRGs研究与应用应借鉴国际经验,重点关注妇幼专科特色、分组数据标准和质量、模型预测效率、分组的保健与临床意义、综合DRGs研究与管理团队等。     

母婴同室医院感染的控制与管理

目的为了使每位在母婴同室工作的人员加深对医院感染的理解和认识,预防和杜绝母婴同室交叉感染的发生. 方法通过制定预防母婴同室交叉感染的防治措施,并严格执行实施. 结果通过制定预防母婴同室交叉感染的防治措施及医护人员积极配合,使我院建立爱婴医院以来,无1例因母婴同室造成交叉感染的事件发生. 结论只有普及医院感染控制与管理的知识和经验,才能健全和完善预防母婴同室交叉感染的管理制度;是提高母婴同室医院感染管理水平的重要保证.     

婴儿啼哭声音的生理和病理因素分析

婴儿啼哭具有重要的意义。除了传递生理及病理信息外,还可以提高抚育者的关注度改善抚育行为。对于早期建立与抚育者的关系、参与婴儿护理及早期的语言学习等具有不可或缺的作用。自上世纪中叶开始,不断有研究者试图将婴儿啼哭的分析应用于临床,在婴儿啼哭中寻找病理相关信息并取得了可喜的成绩,自闭症、婴儿猝死综合征和声带运动受损患儿的哭声分析有望成为早期简便筛查工具之一。而婴儿哭声在肠绞痛、疼痛评价等方面已应用于临床。本文总结了婴儿啼哭声音的影响因素及在相关疾病中的表现特点,以期为其临床应用提供参考。     

Temperament and sensorimotor intelligence

In recent years, infant temperament, or behavioral style, has been related to stranger sociability, parental attachment, and a variety of behavioral problems. Similarly, infant cognition has been related to numerous developmental constructs. While a few studies have examined the relationship between infant temperament and sensorimotor intelligence, the results of such efforts have been inconsistent. The present investigation was designed to replicate research that has established negative correlations between cognitive development and infant difficultness, and to test the correspondence between three alternate approaches to assessing temperament in the sensorimotor period within a sample of 30 one-year-olds.