使用人工耳蜗和助听器的语前聋儿童言语识别能力的研究

目的 通过对使用人工耳蜗和助听器的语前聋儿童的言语识别能力的比较研究,为人工耳蜗植入适应证提供参考.方法实验对象包括18例人工耳蜗植入和40例配戴助听器的先天性语前聋儿童,先在自由声场测试双耳裸耳听阈,根据装置使用时间和平均裸耳听阈值分组,测试并比较使用人工耳蜗和助听器的语前聋儿童封闭项的声母、韵母、单音节词识别率.结果人工耳蜗植入时间≥2年组儿童的韵母、声母和单音节词识别率明显高于＜2年组患者.助听器使用时间≥2年组的各测试项识别率与＜2年组差异无统计学意义.装置使用时间＜2年的语前聋儿童,人工耳蜗植入者的各测试项识别率均明显高于平均裸耳听阈＞100 dB HL的助听器使用者,与平均裸耳听阈≤100 dB HL的助听器使用者的各测试项识别率差异均无统计学意义.装置使用时间≥2年的语前聋儿童,人工耳蜗植入者的各测试项识别率均明显高于平均裸耳听阈＞90 dB HL的助听器使用者,但与平均裸耳听阈＞70 dB HL但≤90 dB HL的助听器使用者差异无统计学意义.结论极重度语前聋儿童人工耳蜗植入后能获得比助听器使用者更好的言语识别能力.     

语前聋患儿一侧人工耳蜗对侧助听器效果分析

目的:通过对人工耳蜗植入对侧耳不同听力损失的患儿联合使用助听器与人工耳蜗语前聋患儿的听觉、语言及学习能力进行评估和比较,探索对患儿更为有效的助听方法,帮助患儿获得最大限度的言语交流。方法:将30例3～6岁语前聋患儿按照植入人工耳蜗对侧耳听力损失程度及是否佩戴助听器,分为一侧人工耳蜗+对侧重度听力损失助听器组(CI+SHA组)、一侧人工耳蜗+对侧极重度听力损失助听器组(CI+PHA组)、单耳人工耳蜗组(CI组)。评估各组在康复3、6、9、12、15、18个月时听觉、语言及学习能力,并记录结果。结果:随着术后康复时间的延长,聋儿听觉、语言及学习能力逐渐提高(P<0.05),CI+SHA组听觉能力优于CI+PHA组及CI组(均P<0.05),语言能力及学习能力无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:语前聋患儿单耳人工耳蜗植入后,若对侧耳尚有残余听力,佩戴助听器后听觉能力效果显著,长期佩戴有助于患儿的康复。     

术前助听器佩戴史对婴幼儿人工耳蜗植入者术后开放式言语识别的影响

目的初步探讨术前助听器佩戴史对婴幼儿人工耳蜗植入(cochlear implant,CI)者早期开放式言语识别的影响。方法植入年龄0.9~3.0岁的CI儿童306例,按照术前是否佩带助听器分为助听器(hearing aid,HA)组94例,非助听器(non-hearing aid,NHA)组212例,用普通话词汇相邻性测试(Mandarin lexical neighborhood test,M-LNT)分别对两组受试儿童进行开放式言语识别能力评估,比较两组儿童M-LNT正确识别率。结果年龄相同或人工耳蜗使用时长相同的助听器组与非助听器组间M-LNT正确识别率的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术前佩戴助听器不同时长者与非助听器组之间M-LNT识别率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对于0.9~3.0岁行人工耳蜗植入术的重度和极重度听力损失儿童,术前有无助听器佩戴史对其术后开放式言语识别能力无显著影响。     

先天性聋儿人工耳蜗植入后的汉语普通话声调辨别

目的考察先天性聋儿人工耳蜗植入后的汉语普通话声调辨别,探索其特点及影响因素。方法编制含单字词及双字词共64个的《声调测试词表》,标准普通话口语给声,用听说复述法对28名植入人工耳蜗的先天性聋儿及20名同龄正常儿童的声调辨别率进行开放项测试,由听力师、聋儿亲属及语训老师共同判断儿童的辨别结果。分析植入年龄、耳蜗使用时间及实际年龄对声调辨别率的影响,比较人工耳蜗组和正常对照组的声调辨别率,并比较耳蜗组以植入年龄3岁为界分组后的辨别率。结果植入年龄与声调辨别率呈负相关,耳蜗使用时间与辨别率呈正相关。耳蜗组儿童的辨别率显示出很大的个体差异性,平均水平显著低于正常对照组。结论植入年龄、耳蜗使用时间是影响人工耳蜗术后聋儿汉语普通话声调辨别的重要因素,3岁前植入人工耳蜗较3岁后植入可获得更好的声调辨别。     

低年龄段语前聋儿童人工耳蜗植入后汉语声调识别变化的分析

目的:探讨低年龄段经人工耳蜗植入的语前聋儿童经过开机一段时间后声调识别的变化特点。方法:选择29例已经接受人工耳蜗植入的低年龄语前聋儿童,按植入时年龄分为2组,即A组:3.0~4.5岁,B组:5.0~6.5岁,植入后平均开机时间为1.5~2.0年。采用聋康系统的《聋儿听觉言语康复评估词表》中主要反映声调识别的相应评估内容进行封闭项测试。结果:A组:同音单音节声调识别率为(63.00±16.75)%,双音节声调识别率为(75.60±11.18)%,单音节词识别率为(72.38±11.39)%。B组:同音单音节声调识别率为(49.46±13.91)%,双音节声调识别为(64.71±9.64)%,单音节词识别率为(55.71±8.59)%。所有正确识别率结果均大于机会水平。人工耳蜗植入后不同年龄组患儿有关声调识别的三项测试内容,低年龄组患儿均好于高年龄组,结果均差异有统计学意义。结论:对于语前聋行人工耳蜗植入的低年龄儿童,植入时年龄仍是影响植入后声调识别的重要因素之一,而在更能反映汉语声、韵、调特点的单音节词中差异更为明显,因此植入年龄是术后汉语学习的重要影响因素之一。     

人工耳蜗与助听器对儿童听觉言语能力提升的对比研究

目的：探讨植入人工耳蜗儿童和配戴助听器儿童在语音识别、声调识别及语音清晰度上是否存在差异,以期为助听器及人工耳蜗术后康复提供参考依据。方法选取55名听障儿童,其中助听器组25名,人工耳蜗组30名;采用听觉语言能力评估词表进行评估;利用SPSS 16.0对评估结果进行统计分析。结果听障儿童的韵母识别率显著高于声母识别率(t=3.505,P=0.001);助听器组韵母识别率显著高于声母识别率（t=3.672,P=0.001）;人工耳蜗组韵母识别率与声母识别率无显著性差异（t=1.517,P=0.135）;人工耳蜗组的声母识别显著高于助听器组（t=3.508,P=0.01）;两组儿童的韵母识别、双音节词声调识别及语音清晰度之间无显著差异(均P>0.05);人工耳蜗组和助听器组的语音清晰度变异系数均大于20%,离散程度较大。结论听障儿童的康复教学应重视声母识别训练,同时关注个体之间的差异。     

影响人工耳蜗植入者声调识别的因素

多导人工耳蜗的问世为全球重度到极重度听力损失者带来了福音,随着相关技术的发展,耳蜗植入者的言语识别能力得到了显著提高,然而目前人工耳蜗植入者在声调识别方面仍存在一定困难.本文总结影响人工耳蜗植入者汉语声调识别的因素,为优化人工耳蜗的言语处理方案提供参考.     

语前聋患者人工耳蜗植入术后听觉能力评估

目的通过对129例极重度语前聋患者人工耳蜗植入术后声母、韵母、单音节及双音节词识别能力的评估,研究人工耳蜗植入术后患者的听觉康复效果及相关影响因素。方法选用《听力障碍儿童听觉、语言能力评估标准及方法》作为测试材料,分别测试患者的声母、韵母、单音节词、双音节词识别率,用各分项评估结果的均值代表总体听觉能力,进而研究康复时间、植入年龄、术前配戴助听器经验及性别对听觉能力的影响。结果随着康复时间的延长,听觉能力各分项得分逐渐提高（P〈0．05）。术前、术后6个月及术后1年低龄组与大龄组间总体听觉能力差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,术后3个月两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。人工耳蜗植入术前、术后3个月、6个月及1年,男、女组之间总体听觉能力差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,配戴助听器组与未配戴助听器组间总体听觉能力差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论人工耳蜗植入能提高语前聋患者的听觉能力。植入时间越长,听觉康复效果越好。植入时年龄越小,术后听觉能力进步越快。大龄语前聋患者植入人工耳蜗后听觉能力仍能获得一定的改善。术前短时间配戴助听器对于极重度语前聋患者术后听觉能力康复无明显帮助。     

双耳双模式助听儿童情感语调感知特征

目的探讨单侧人工耳蜗植入儿童对侧配戴助听器能否提升其情感语调识别能力,不同的情绪语调识别是否存在难度差异。方法选取35例(男15例,女20例)双耳双模式助听的重度、极重度感音神经性听力损失儿童,组内比较单侧人工耳蜗助听状态和双模式助听两种状态下儿童的情感语调识别特征。结果双耳双模式助听状态下听障儿童的语调得分极显著高于单侧人工耳蜗助听状态(P<0.01),识别率总体提升了16.65%。开心语调提升了20.59%,生气语调提升了19.21%,难过语调提升了13.23%。个体数据分析发现,有82.85%的儿童体现出双耳双模式优势。两种助听状态下,生气语调识别得分显著高于开心和难过(P<0.05),双耳双模式助听状态下,23.53%的儿童会将开心感知为难过语调,22.79%的儿童会将难过感知为开心语调。结论相比于单侧人工耳蜗植入,儿童通过双模式助听可以获得情感语调感知优势;两种助听模式下,生气语调的识别均比开心和难过容易,开心和难过语调容易混淆。频率变化可能是儿童感知情感语调的重要线索,提示在康复训练中应予以重视。     

老年及老年前期人工耳蜗植入的临床初步研究

目的 探索人工耳蜗在双耳重度或极重度聋和全聋的老年患者中的临床应用安全性和效果.方法 2008年11月至2009年11月解放军总医院先后对8例50岁以上患者行人工耳蜗植入术,其中男5例,女3例;年龄52～76岁,中位数58岁.所有患者术前均为双侧极重度感音神经性听力损失,佩戴助听器无效或效果不佳.观察患者手术耐受及并发症情况.开机后3个月进行助听听阈评估和言语评估.结果 8例患者手术顺利,术中神经反应遥测均引出反应.术后康复顺利,无任何并发症.开机3个月后声场内言语频率平均助听听阈啭音(听力级)为35～50 dB,但言语测听结果个体差异较大.部分患者单音节、双音节、安静及噪声环境下的句子可实现较好识别率.结论 老年前期及老年患者可耐受全身麻醉状态下的人工耳蜗植入,只要术前准备充分则为安全的手术,但部分病例为中耳炎(胆脂瘤)或颞骨外伤等因素导致,需要特别注意中耳情况.老年重度以上听力损失患者人工耳蜗植入可明显改善言语识别能力.     

人工耳蜗与助听器对听障儿童嗓音音质的影响研究

目的：探讨人工耳蜗与助听器对聋儿嗓音音质的影响机制。方法：随机选择昕障儿童组成健听组、助听器组、人工耳蜗组以及裸耳听障组,其中健听组与裸耳听障组作为对照控制组。采用“嗓音疾病评估仪”（TigerDRS）进行嗓音音质评估,要求儿童发／越／音,持续3s。测试的声学参数为：F0、SDF0、Jitter、Shimmer、NNE、HNR、SNR。结果：人工耳蜗组的嗓音F0显著小于其他各组（均P〈0．05）,助听器组、健听组、裸耳听障组之间的嗓音F0无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;人工耳蜗组与助听器组的SDF0显著大于健听组和裸耳听障组（P〈0．05）,助听器及人工耳蜗对听障女性患儿嗓音SDFo的影响大于昕障男性患儿,其交互作用达显著临界水平（P〉0．05）;各组之间的嗓音音质参数（Jitter、Shimmer、NNE、HNR、SNR）差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：人工耳蜗与助听器主要影响的是嗓音F0及SDF0,而对其他音质参数影响不大。     

植入人工耳蜗与配戴助听器儿童背景噪声下的声调识别

目的 探讨植入人工耳蜗与配戴助听器儿童在声调识别方面是否存在差异,分析背景噪声对听障儿童声调识别的影响.了解在噪声环境中听障儿童声调识别的特点.方法 采用2X4两因素混合实验设计,比较植入人工耳蜗与配戴助听器儿童在不同信噪比条件下(SNR=+12,+6,0 dB)的声调识别能力;采用单因素方差分析,比较不同声调组合识别对听障儿童的难易程度.结果 ①在重建或补偿听阈相似时,植入人工耳蜗与配戴助听器儿童声调识别能力的差异不显著;②在不同信噪比条件下,两组儿童声调识别能力的差异极其显著;③两组儿童均最易分辨一声与四声的差异,最难分辨二声与三声的差异.结论 只要重建或补偿听阈在最适范围,听障儿童便具有一定的声调识别能力,但噪声会对其产生极大的影响.     

Bilateral cochlear implants in children: localization acuity measured with minimum audible angle

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sound localization acuity in a group of children who received bilateral (BI) cochlear implants in sequential procedures and to determine the extent to which BI auditory experience affects sound localization acuity. In addition, to investigate the extent to which a hearing aid in the nonimplanted ear can also provide benefits on this task. DESIGN: Two groups of children participated, 13 with BI cochlear implants (cochlear implant + cochlear implant), ranging in age from 3 to 16 yrs, and six with a hearing aid in the nonimplanted ear (cochlear implant + hearing aid), ages 4 to 14 yrs. Testing was conducted in large sound-treated booths with loudspeakers positioned on a horizontal arc with a radius of 1.5 m. Stimuli were spondaic words recorded with a male voice. Stimulus levels typically averaged 60 dB SPL and were randomly roved between 56 and 64 dB SPL (+/-4 dB rove); in a few instances, levels were held fixed (60 dB SPL). Testing was conducted by using a "listening game" platform via computerized interactive software, and the ability of each child to discriminate sounds presented to the right or left was measured for loudspeakers subtending various angular separations. Minimum audible angle thresholds were measured in the BI (cochlear implant + cochlear implant or cochlear implant + hearing aid) listening mode and under monaural conditions. RESULTS: Approximately 70% (9/13) of children in the cochlear implant + cochlear implant group discriminated left/right for source separations of 相似文献   

Speech perception and language criteria for paediatric cochlear implant candidature

Existing criteria for cochlear implantation of children with impaired hearing aim to select children who will eventually achieve better speech perception scores with an implant than with a hearing aid. It is difficult to predict the eventual outcomes with hearing aid and implant because speech perception scores typically increase with age, and because the distribution of scores for implant and hearing aid users overlap considerably at all ages. This paper shows how speech perception scores can be combined with spoken language measures to arrive at an objective criterion for implant selection. The method also allows estimation of the likely increase in speech perception score within a few months of implantation and estimation of the probability that the child will perform better with the implant than the hearing aid. The criteria were based on data from 135 evaluations of 50 children using cochlear implants with monosyllabic words, open-set sentences, the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Data from 114 evaluations of 43 children using hearing aids were used to illustrate the sensitivity of the criteria.     

Monosyllable speech perception of Japanese hearing aid users with prelingual hearing loss: implications for surgical indication of cochlear implant

OBJECTIVE: The monosyllable speech perception ability after years of educational intervention was compared between prelingually deafened pediatric hearing aid users and their cochlear implant counterparts. DESIGN: An open-set monosyllabic speech perception test was conducted on all subjects. The test required subjects to indicate a corresponding Japanese character to that spoken by the examiner. Fifty-two subjects with prelingual hearing impairment (47 hearing aid users and 5 cochlear implant users) were examined. RESULTS: Hearing aid users with average pure-tone thresholds less than 90 dB HL demonstrated generally better monosyllable perception than 70%, which was equivalent or better performance than that of the cochlear implant group. Widely dispersed speech perception was observed within the 90-99 dB HL hearing-aid user group with most subjects demonstrating less than 50% speech perception. In the cluster of >100 dB HL, few cases demonstrated more than 50% in speech perception. The perception ability of the vowel part of each mora within the cochlear implant group was 100% and corresponding to that of hearing aid users with moderate and severe hearing loss. CONCLUSION: Hearing ability among cochlear implant users can be comparable with that of hearing aid users with average unaided pure-tone thresholds of 90 dB HL, after monosyllabic speech perception testing was performed.     

听障儿童电声双模式助听的应用效果

目的 研究调查听障儿童一侧耳植入人工耳蜗后对侧耳配戴助听器,这种电声双模式同时刺激的应用效果.方法 随机测试78名儿童人工耳蜗植入者在使用人工耳蜗和助听器(CI+HA)及单独使用人工耳蜗(CI)时听觉事件相关电位MMN和P300潜伏期及波幅的变化,比较同一患者在三种环境下(安静、S/N-0dB,S/N-15dB)的听觉言语识别率,并进行家长问卷调查.结果 患者使用CI+HA与CI的MMN 引出率分别是 80%和75%,P300引出率分别是93.1%和89%;CI+HA组与CI组MMN和P300潜伏期以及CI+HA组与正常组P300波幅的比较有显著差异(P<0,05);在S/N-0dB时CI+HA组单音节、双音节和声调的识别率均高于CI组(P<0.05),而安静环境下和S/N-15dB时组内比较无统计学意义;开放式问卷调查结果 显示60.26%的患者认为使用CI+HA模式能获得更多不同的听觉帮助.闭合式问卷结果 显示使用CI+HA和单用CI的聆听效果有差别.结论 本文大多数听障儿童使用电声同时刺激的助听模式.大脑中枢处理系统并不拮抗,能发挥协同作用,尤其在改善噪声环境下的言语识别和声调感知.以及声源定位和声信息的利用等方面具有优势.     

Phonological abilities of hearing-impaired Cantonese-speaking children with cochlear implants or hearing AIDS.

PURPOSE: This article examined the phonological skills of 2 groups of Cantonese-speaking children with prelingual, profound bilateral hearing loss. The phonological abilities of 7 children fitted with hearing aids were compared with the abilities of 7 children who wore cochlear implants. METHOD: Participants in each group ranged in age from 5;1 to 6;4 years. The participants were asked to name 57 pictures and retell 2 stories. Phonological abilities were described in terms of the participants' phonological units and the phonological processes used. The participants' perception of single words was assessed using a Cantonese phonology test that includes tonal, segmental, and semantic distracters. RESULTS: All except 1 participant had incomplete phonetic repertories. All participants showed complete vowel and tone inventories. The study group used both developmental rules and nondevelopmental phonological rules. For perception of single words, participants chose the target word most often. The cochlear implant users had a significantly higher percentage correct score for consonant production than hearing aid users. CONCLUSIONS: The prediction that Cantonese children wearing cochlear implants would have better phonological skills than children having hearing aids with a similar degree of hearing loss was confirmed. Cochlear implant usage appeared to promote consonant feature production development to a greater degree than did the use of a hearing aid.     

Communication abilities of children with aided residual hearing: comparison with cochlear implant users

OBJECTIVE: To compare the communication outcomes between children with aided residual hearing and children with cochlear implants. DESIGN: Measures of speech recognition and language were administered to pediatric hearing aid users and cochlear implant users followed up longitudinally as part of an ongoing investigation on cochlear implant outcomes. The speech recognition measures included the Lexical Neighborhood Test, Phonetically Balanced-Kindergarten Word Lists, and the Hearing in Noise Test for Children presented in quiet and noise (+5 dB signal-to-noise ratio). Language measures included the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test: Third Edition (PPVT-III), the Reynell Developmental Language Scales, and the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Revised.Subjects The experimental group was composed of 39 pediatric hearing aid users with a mean unaided pure-tone average threshold of 78.2 dB HL (hearing level). The comparison group was composed of 117 pediatric cochlear implant users with a mean unaided pure-tone average threshold of 110.2 dB HL. On average, both groups lost their hearing at younger than 1 year and were fitted with their respective sensory aids at 2 to 2.6 years of age. Not every child was administered every test for a variety of reasons. RESULTS: Between-group performance was equivalent on most speech recognition and language measures. The primary difference found between groups was on the PPVT-III, in which the hearing aid group had a significantly higher receptive vocabulary language quotient than the cochlear implant group. Notably, the cochlear implant group was substantially younger than the hearing aid group and had less experience with their sensory devices on this measure. CONCLUSION: Data obtained from children with aided residual hearing can be useful in determining cochlear implant candidacy.     

Cantonese tone perception ability of cochlear implant children in comparison with normal-hearing children

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cantonese is a tone language. A change in the fundamental frequency pattern within the same phonemic segment causes a change in the lexical meaning. The present study examined the Cantonese tone perception ability of cochlear implant children in comparison with normal-hearing children. It was hypothesized that cochlear implant children follow a similar pattern of tone perception development, as do normal children. METHOD: 225 normal-hearing and 15 hearing-impaired children with cochlear implants were recruited. The high level (tone 1), high rising (tone 2) and low falling (tone 4) were the target tones examined. The three tones were arranged into tone pairs for identification. Each pair shared exactly the same segmental information but differed only in tones (e.g. /sy/ in tones 1 and 2 meaning 'book' and 'mouse', respectively). Subjects were required to point to the corresponding pictures after the live voice presentations. RESULTS: for each tone pair, each subject was awarded a score representing the proportion of stimuli pairs that were correctly discriminated by the subject. The average scores in the normal-hearing and hearing-impaired groups were 0.92 and 0.64, respectively. The normal group had the lowest average score in tone 2/tone 4 (0.87) while the hearing-impaired group performed the worst in tone 1/tone 2 (0.53) perception between the three tone contrasts. CONCLUSIONS: the normal-hearing group performed significantly better than the hearing-impaired group in basic Cantonese tone perception. The pattern of tone perception development of cochlear implant children did not seem to follow that of normal children. Contributing factors on the tone perception performance of the cochlear implant children were subject's age, duration of special training, and durations of wearing the hearing aid and the cochlear implant.     

Speech perception in children with auditory neuropathy/dyssynchrony managed with either hearing AIDS or cochlear implants

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate speech perception skills in children with auditory neuropathy (AN)/auditory dyssynchrony (AD)-type hearing loss managed with either hearing aids or cochlear implants. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective data collection in 3 subject groups: AN/AD children fitted with bilateral amplification, AN/AD children fitted with cochlear implant (in 1 or both ears), and a matched control group of implanted children with sensorineural hearing loss. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Open-set monosyllabic words (consonant-nucleus-consonant). RESULTS: Of the 10 implanted AN/AD children, 9 demonstrated significant speech discrimination (consonant-nucleus-consonant phoneme score > or =55%). Similar results were obtained for the aided AN/AD group. Findings for both AN/AD subject groups were poorer than those of the implanted sensorineural cohort. CONCLUSION: Cochlear implantation can offer useful hearing in subjects with AN/AD-type hearing loss. However, expectations for this group may need to be lower than for patients with peripheral (cochlear) loss.