老年与老年前期消化性溃疡临床对比分析

目的研究老年人消化性溃疡的临床特点。方法回顾性分析我院１９９１年至１９９５年收治的２４６例老年人消化性溃疡，与同期住院的２８７例老年前期患者作对比。结果老年胃溃疡占同期胃溃疡住院人数的构成比已由１９９１年的２６．１％上升至１９９５年的３５．６％。老年组无规律性上腹痛，恶心呕吐，腹胀，体重减轻，黑便分别为４８．０％，５６．９％，４７．２％，３３．３％，４１．１％，高于对照组（分别为２５．８％，３３．５％，２５．１％，１７．１％，２８．９％）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。老年组并发大出血２１．６％，急性穿孔２１．３％，幽门梗阻９．８％；对照组分别为１０．１％，１３．９％，１７．４％。２组相比有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１或Ｐ＜０．０５）。老年组溃疡大于２．５ｃｍ者占２３．２％，多于对照组（１２．５％）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论老年人胃溃疡发病率逐年上升，症状体征不典型，并发出血及穿孔多且严重，巨大溃疡较多     

天祝藏族自治县包虫病流行病学调查报告

１９９０年１０月～１１月，在天祝藏族自治县的三个乡进行了包虫病的血清流行病学调查，共查１９３７人，阳性者６１人，感染率为３．１５％，带包囊者３５人，患病率为１．８１％。土族感染率最高，为５．６％。１０岁以下儿童感染率为０．９５％，随年龄增长，感染率逐渐升高，４１～５０岁最高，达１０．７９％，患病率为７．１９％。调查中发现２例病人，三项化检验查均为阴性，占５．７１％。     

江苏省老年高血压流行病学调查资料分析

本文对１９９１年１０月江苏省高血压流行病学抽样调查中６０岁以上老年人群资料进行了分析。结果显示：①城市老年人确诊高血压患病率为２９．０％，农村为１５．１％，城市非常显著高于农村（Ｐ＜０．０１）；②随着年龄的增加，老年人收缩压继续增加，而舒张压则略有下降；③老年人高血压的显著特点是以纯收缩期高血压为主，城市占６２．２％，农村占６４．４％，女性纯收缩期高血压的比例显著高于男性；④城市老年人在７０岁以前高血压患病率男性高于女性，７０岁以后女性高于男性，而农村老年人在各年龄组女性均非常显著高于男性。     

广东省支气管哮喘流行病学调查分析

目的调查１９９９年广东省人群哮喘病现患率，探讨哮喘病的危险因素，为哮喘人群防治提供依据。方法以随机、分层、不等比、整群抽样方法，在广州市、北部丘陵地区韶关、东部沿海地区汕头、西部农村地区湛江、南部特区城市深圳和中部珠江三角洲中小城市佛山共抽样调查７１ ８６７名。结果全省总人口患病率为０．９４％，男女比为１．３８：１；儿童为０．７３％，成人为０．９９％，其中三个高发年龄段为学龄前儿童、青年和老年；城市人口患病率高于农村；广州老城区高于新城区；危险因素调查发现，４６％的患者家庭饲养宠物（猫、狗、家禽、鸟类），其中养猫（４３．１％）和兼养猫狗（１８．６％）者高达６１．７％；经常被动吸烟者达５４．７％；合并过敏性鼻炎者达３８．２％，因变天或吸入冷空气发病者达４１．６％。结论本次调查基本代表了广东省哮喘病的流行情况，以此估算全省患者约６７万人；有关资料为今后群防群治和相关研究提供了依据。     

老年人胆囊疾病若干问题探讨

目的 为了更好地诊治老年人的胆囊疾病。方法 对７３１例体检发现的老年期和老年前期胆囊疾病患者进行了为期６年的随访,观察其症状、并发症及手术情况。结果 老年期胆囊结石的患病率明显高于老年前期,在６０～６９岁组为２０．２％,７０～７９岁组为３２．９％,８０岁及以上组为４８．０％;而在老年前期为９．５％。胆囊息肉则与年龄关系不如胆囊结石明显,７０．０％的胆囊疾病患者无症状,典型发作随增龄而减少;胆囊疾病     

云南省老年人纯收缩期高血压的患病状况

目的调查云南省老年人纯收缩期高血压（ＩＳＨ）的患病状况。方法按１９９１年全国高血压抽样调查方案，采用多阶段不等比例整群抽样方法，在全省城乡各５个抽样点调查了１５岁以上３９２８３人。结果ＩＳＨ患者中８５．５９％为老年人，其患病率为４．９５％，明显高于６０岁以下组（０．１５％）。老年女性患病率为男性的２倍，城市为乡村的１．５３倍。结论ＩＳＨ是常见于老年人的一种高血压类型。患病率女性高于男性，城市高于乡村。其发病与大动脉粥样硬化导致的血管壁僵硬度增加和顺应性下降有关。     

北京市部分地区城乡老年人便秘的现况调查

目的 探讨老年人便秘的易患因素。方法 采取随机整群抽取法,共调查１４３４例。便秘的定义严格控制在：老年人常出现大便干结,排便困难,每周大便不足３次者,除外明确疾病及药所致便秘。结果 老年人便秘的总患病率为２０．３％,城市１８．２％,农村２３．０％,城乡患病率差异有显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论 老年人便秘患病率农村明显高于城市,易患因素与年龄,性别及日常生活不能自理或部分自理者相关。     

部队干休所老年人睡眠障碍疾患的调查

目的了解干休所离退休老年人睡眠障碍疾患的类型、患病率和严重程度。方法对石家庄市28个部队干休所1964例65岁及以上的离退休老年人进行人户调查，筛选出有睡眠障碍症状者，由专科医生复查并作出诊断。结果（1）1964例老年人中，有各种睡眠障碍症状者1488例，患病率为75．8％；（2）有失眠症状者911例，符合失眠症诊断标准者212例，患病率为10．8％；（3）睡眠打鼾者1216例，其中习惯性打鼾312例，睡眠呼吸暂停52例，患病率分别为15．9％和2．6％；（4）不宁腿和夜间肌阵挛的患病率分别为12．9％和12．3％。结论睡眠障碍是老年人群中带有普遍性的健康问题，睡眠障碍调查应采用统一的方法和标准。     

长寿老人与其他年龄组垂体催乳素和促性腺激素及性甾体激素水平的观察

对３０例９０岁以上长寿老人及２５４例健康青、老年前期及老年人分别测定垂体催乳素（ＰＲＬ）、促卵泡素（ＦＳＨ）、黄体生成素（ＬＨ）、雌二醇（Ｅ２）及睾酮（Ｔ）５种生殖激素。比较结果表明，男性青壮年组及长寿组Ｔ分别为２４．５±１．６及１３．３±０．７（ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ），女性青壮年组及长寿组Ｔ分别为１．３５±０．１及０．９９８±０．１１，差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．００１），女性青壮年组及长寿组Ｅ２分别为４７０．１±３６．４及１２８．６±４６．３（ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ），差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．００１）；ＦＳＨ及ＬＨ长寿组显著高于青壮年组５～１０倍。     

老年人癫痫23例临床分析

目的了解老年人癫痫的患病状况、病因、治疗状况及死亡原因。方法对我院２３例老年癫痫患者进行了全面检查、抗癫痫药物监测及对部分患者测定血清白蛋白值。结果２３例癫痫患者占同期１２８１例老年患者的１．８％，该门诊平均年新发例病率为０．１６％；均为６０岁及以上始发的症状性癫痫，７０岁以上发病者占８２．６％，强直－阵挛型发作占６５．２％。单用苯妥英钠的１８例中，３３．３％的患者每日用２００～２５０ｍｇ，临床控制较好，维持苯妥英钠血药浓度于７．７～１６．２ｍｇ／Ｌ。癫痫发作病因确诊为脑血管病（未包括癫痫发作时无脑血管病症状的腔隙梗塞）９例，占３９．１％。死亡１６例，死因与肺部感染有关者１０例。结论脑血管病是老年人癫痫的主要原因；对单用苯妥英钠者首用剂量以２００ｍｇ／ｄ为佳；肺部感染是本组癫痫患者死亡的主要原因     

Annual risk of tuberculous infection in the western zone of India.

SETTING: Rural and urban areas of six selected districts in the western zone of India. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the annual risk of tuberculous infection (ARI). DESIGN: A community-based, cross-sectional tuberculin survey was conducted among children aged 1-9 years residing in a sample of rural and urban areas of six districts in the western zone of India. Stratified two-stage cluster sampling was adopted for selection of rural and urban clusters. A total of 48473 children in 600 clusters underwent tuberculin testing with 1TU PPD RT23 with Tween 80; the induration was measured about 72 h after the test. RESULTS: The BCG scar was observed in 52% of the test-read children. Estimation of the prevalence of infection was based on the frequency distribution of tuberculin reaction size among 22259 children without BCG scar. Reactions > or = 15 mm were considered attributable to infection with tubercle bacilli. The prevalence of infection was estimated to be 9.3%, and the ARI computed from the estimated prevalence was 1.8%. The proportion of infected children was found to be significantly higher in urban than in rural areas. CONCLUSION: The high rate of ARI in the western zone of India calls for further intensification of tuberculosis control efforts.     

The annual risk of tuberculous infection in Orissa State, India.

SETTING: Rural and urban areas of eight selected districts of Orissa State, India. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the average annual risk of tuberculous infection (ARTI) in the state. DESIGN: A community-based, cross-sectional tuberculin survey was conducted among children aged 1-9 years residing in a sample of rural and urban areas of eight districts of Orissa State. A stratified sampling was adopted for selection of clusters. Highly trained designated tuberculin testers administered 0.1 ml (1 TU) of PPD RT 23 with Tween 80 by the Mantoux method to 10 626 children. Transverse tuberculin reaction sizes were measured about 72 h later by trained designated tuberculin readers. The number of children satisfactorily test-read was 10 191. RESULTS: Based on the frequency distribution of tuberculin reaction sizes, the average ARTI in the state was estimated at 1.7-1.8%. The children residing in urban areas were observed to be at a significantly higher risk of infection than those in rural areas. CONCLUSION: The study in Orissa State suggests high rates of transmission of tuberculous infection and calls to attention the need for intensification of concerted and sustained tuberculosis control efforts.     

彝族和汉族老年人代谢综合征患病率和相关危险因素的对比性分析

目的比较性分析四川地区彝族和汉族老年人群代谢综合征（MetS）的患病率和危险因素。方法2007年7月至8月在四川地区采用整群随机抽样的方法对20岁以上的成年人开展横断面调查,本研究选择60岁以上的彝族和汉族老年人群进行分析。诊断标准采用2006年国际糖尿病联盟（IDF）标准。结果彝族和汉族老年人群的MetS的患病率分别为23．6％和29．0％,两民族老年人群中女性MetS患病率均明显高于男性,彝族老年男性MetS患病率明显低于汉族老年男性。彝族农村老年人MetS的患病率明显低于城市,彝族农村老年人MetS的患病率明显低于汉族农村老年人。多因素logstic回归分析显示女性、年龄和城市居住是彝族老年人MetS的独立危险因素;而汉族老年人MetS的患病率仅与女性呈独立正相关。结论四川彝族和汉族老年人群MetS患病率均以女性较高,彝族城市老年人MetS患病率较高,与汉族城乡老年人患病率相当,但彝族农村老年人患病率较低,因此在彝族和汉族老年人群中应广泛且有重点的开展MetS防治策略。     

Health status and medical consumption of the elderly in urban and rural areas in The Netherlands; a secondary analysis of CBS-data

Data of the life situation survey of the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) of 1982 have been analysed. This secondary analysis has been carried out to study differences in health and medical consumption between urban and rural elderly. Two contrasting groups of elderly have been used: urban and rural elderly. It has been found that there are no differences in the prevalence of chronic disorders. More mental complaints have been found among male urban elderly compared to male rural elderly. The same relationship, although not significant, exists for women. For women it has been found that urban elderly feel less healthy than rural elderly. Male urban elderly aged 55-74 year pay more visits to the general practitioner than rural elderly of the same age. The same holds for women aged 75 year and over who also pay more visits to the physician.     

The annual risk of tuberculous infection in the eastern zone of India.

SETTING: Rural and urban areas of eight selected districts in the eastern zone of India. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the annual risk of tuberculous infection (ARTI). STUDY DESIGN: A community-based, cross-sectional tuberculin survey was conducted among children aged 1-9 years residing in a sample of rural and urban areas. Stratified two-stage cluster sampling was adopted for selection of rural and urban clusters. A total of 40964 children in 515 clusters underwent tuberculin testing and reading with 1TU PPD RT23 with Tween 80; the maximum transverse diameter of induration was measured about 72 h after the test. RESULTS: A bacille Calmette-Gúerin (BCG) scar was observed in 51.5% of the test-read children. The frequency distribution of tuberculin reaction size among 19332 children without BCG scar was found to be bimodal, with the mode of reactions attributable to infection with tubercle bacilli at 20 mm. The prevalence of infection was estimated as 6.9%. The ARTI computed from the estimated prevalence was 1.3%. Children residing in the urban areas were found to be at a significantly higher risk of infection than those residing in rural areas. CONCLUSION: The high rate of ARTI in the eastern zone of India suggests a need for committed, sustained action in provision of quality tuberculosis control services.     

Changing 14‐year trends in the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in rural and urban Central–Eastern European areas

In Poland, the prevalence of HBV infection constitutes an emerging public health concern. The aim of the study was to analyse changes in hepatitis B incidence rate by age, gender and place of residence in Poland between 1999 and 2012. The data were obtained from Polish state statistics institutions such as the National Institute of Public Health and State Sanitary Inspection. Relationships of hepatitis B incidence with age, gender and rural/urban areas were investigated using χ² and tests for two proportions with Bonferroni adjustment. The incidence of hepatitis B in rural and urban populations was compared using Wilcoxon's signed‐rank tests. Joinpoint regression was used to analyse trends in hepatitis B incidence rate. In Poland, a total of 26 660 cases of hepatitis B were reported in the studied period and 31.6% of these cases occurred in rural areas. There was significantly declining tendency in the hepatitis B incidence rate in the initial period of the study. However, there were periods of significant increase of HBV incidence rate in women from rural areas aged 15–24 years (9.4%/year) and in women from urban areas aged 15–24 years (10.9%/year) and 25–64 years (3.8%/year) in the final years of the observation. Despite the success in controlling this infection, a significant increase in the incidence of hepatitis B among young women living in rural and urban areas, as well as in adult women in urban areas, has been noted.     

Prevalence of dyslipidemia in the elderly in rural areas of Thailand

Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent in the urban areas of Thailand but information in the rural area, particularly in the elderly, is limited. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia in the elderly who live in the rural areas of Thailand. Random sampling of the volunteers aged > or = 60 years in 3 districts of Samut Songkhram and Ratchaburi provinces was done. After 12-hour fast, the blood sampling was drawn for the analysis of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Eighty men and 123 women, aged 60-87 years old, were included in the study. Mean serum lipid levels of cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were 261.74+/-47.58, 180.35+/-45.06, 43.72+/-12.06, and 188.38+/-103.84 mg/dl respectively. Women had significantly higher body mass index, cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels than men. Seventy percent of them had cholesterol > or = 240 mg/dl and LDL cholesterol > or = 160 mg/dl. Twenty-five percent had HDL cholesterol < or = 35 mg/dl. However, LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio > 5 which indicated high risk for coronary heart disease were found in only 34%. In conclusion, prevalence of dyslipidemia was very high in Thai rural elderly. Further surveillance in this population is essential in verifying the impact of dyslipidemia as a risk of cardiovascular disease in Thai elderly people.     

Sleeping sickness in the region of the town of Kinshasa: a retrospective analysis during the surveillance period 1996-2000

In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the re-emergence of sleeping sickness is no longer limited to rural areas. Over the course of the past decade, more and more cases have been reported from urban centres such as Kinshasa, Mbuji-mayi, Matadi and Boma. This paper presents a retrospective analysis on the region of Kinshasa over the period 1996-2000, using epidemiological surveillance, individual case files and available entomological data. There are 22 health districts in total; they were classified as urban when the population exceeded 5000 per square kilometre. The Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) control programme reported 2451 parasitologically confirmed new cases between 1996 and 2000, in the entire region of Kinshasa. Affected people (66%) were aged 15-49 years. Cases occurred in every health district, and 956 (39%) occurred in urban residents. Glossina captures in 1999 established the presence of Trypanosoma spp. Local HAT transmission is plausible but not proven. The high number of urban cases necessitates development of control strategies adapted to cities.     

1997年中国六城市老年人群六种疾病横断面调查

目的 了解影响老年人生活质量的５种徉病的现状与分布特点。方法 通过随机、整群抽样,对北京、上海、广州、成都、西安、沈阳６大城市城乡的８２５２名老年人的６种疾病进行横断血调查。结果 期前列腺增生、老年聋、老年性白内障、老年期骨关节病、骨折及老年性便秘患病率分别为４３．７％、３３．７％、４６．８％、３８．７％、１３．３％、１０．５％,其患病率均存在明显的地区差异（均为Ｐ〈０．０１）。无论哪个地区,老年