支气管镜检查对老年COPD合并肺结核患者的诊断价值

目的观察支气管镜检查在老年COPD合并肺结核患者诊断中的应用价值。方法分析142例老年COPD合并肺结核患者的临床资料,收集患者的痰涂片查抗酸杆菌结果,以及经支气管镜取支气管分泌物刷检涂片、支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）查抗酸杆菌、活检病理等检查结果,观察支气管镜检查对此类患者的诊断价值。结果老年COPD合并肺结核患者经支气管镜取支气管分泌物刷检涂片、BALF涂片、活检病理阳性率分别为44．4％,51．4％和60．6％,三种方法联合阳性率为100％,均显著高于痰涂片的阳性率21．8％（P〈0．05）。结论经支气管镜刷检、BALF涂片联合活检可提高老年COPD合并肺结核患者的阳性诊断率。     

经支气管镜刷检“激惹”后支气管肺泡灌洗液检查对支气管结核的诊断意义

目的探讨经支气管镜刷检“激惹”后支气管肺泡灌洗液检查对支气管结核的诊断意义及护理配合的作用。方法选取确诊支气管结核病例42例,比较支气管镜下刷检前后支气管肺泡灌洗液抗酸杆菌阳性率。结果刷检前支气管肺泡灌洗液中抗酸杆菌阳性率为38．1％,刷检后支气管肺泡灌洗液中阳性率增高至64．3％,两者比较其差异有统计学意义。结论经支气管镜刷检“激惹”后支气管肺泡灌洗液检查是一种安全的检查方法,可以提高支气管结核的诊断率。     

支气管肺泡灌洗液检查对痰涂阴肺结核的诊断价值

本文报告对痰涂阴肺结核患者纤维支气管镜刷检、活检、支气管肺泡灌洗液细菌学检查和术后痰涂片镜检结果。ＢＡＬＦ涂片辅以术后痰涂片检出率达３２．７％，简单、快速。根据镜下所见采用不同的取材方法可望提高诊断率。指出常规痰涂片抗酸杆菌阴性的肺结核病人并非均为不排菌者，部份病人仍需积极治疗。     

支气管肺泡灌洗液检查对痰涂阴肺结核的诊断价值

本文报告对痰涂阴肺结核纤维支气管镜刷检，活检，支气管肺泡罐洗液细菌不检查和术后痰涂片镜检结果。ＢＡＬＦ涂片辅以术后痰涂片检出率３２．７％，简单，快速。根据镜下所见采用不同的取材方法可望提高诊断率。指出常规痰涂片抗酸杆菌阴性的肺结核病人并非均匀为不排菌者，部份病人仍需积极治疗。     

支气管肺泡灌洗液细胞DNA含量分析在周围型肺癌中的诊断价值

目的探讨支气管肺泡灌洗液细胞DNA含量分析对周围型肺癌的诊断价值。方法采用全自动细胞DNA定量分析系统,对31例周围型肺癌及20例肺良性病变患者的支气管肺泡灌洗液细胞作DNA含量分析,并与纤维支气管镜活检和刷检比较。结果灌洗液细胞DNA含量分析诊断周围型肺癌的敏感性为67．7％,特异性为95．0％,显著高于活检（29．0％）和刷检（32．3％）的阳性率（P均〈0.01）。结论支气管肺泡灌洗液细胞DNA含量分析是诊断周围型肺癌有效的辅助方法。     

荧光定量PCR测定支气管肺泡灌洗液中TbDNA诊断肺结核的临床价值

目的探讨纤支镜肺泡灌洗液中结核分枝杆菌DNA在肺结核诊断中的价值。方法对187例初治肺结核患者及41例肺炎患者分别应用荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)技术检测结核分枝杆菌DNA、肺泡灌洗液结核菌培养、纤维支气管镜刷片抗酸染色。结果肺结核患者肺泡灌洗液结核分枝杆菌DNA阳性率为:78.6%、肺泡灌洗液结核菌培养阳性率为28.8%、刷片抗酸染色阳性率为21.9%。肺炎患者肺泡灌洗液结核分枝杆菌DNA、肺泡灌洗液结核菌培养、刷片抗酸染色均阴性。结论荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测肺泡灌洗液结核分枝杆菌DNA,特异性高,用于肺结核诊断可提高肺结核诊断的敏感性和准确性,明显优于纤维支气管镜刷片抗酸染色,亦较肺泡灌洗液结核菌培养诊断灵敏、快速,可作为肺结核诊断较可靠指标。     

纤维支气管镜检查对无痰或痰菌阴性不典型肺结核的诊断价值

目的 探讨纤维支气管镜（简称“纤支镜”）检查对无痰或痰菌阴性不典型肺结核的诊断价值。 方法 选无痰或痰菌阴性的不典型肺结核患者201例,用纤支镜在病变部位进行活检、刷检、支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）进行BBLMGIT(Mycobacteria Growth Indicate Tube)分枝杆菌快速培养查结核杆菌。术后进行痰涂片查抗酸杆菌、痰结核分枝杆菌快速培养。 结果201例刷检、BALF快速培养结核分枝杆菌阳性率分别是67.2%、83.6%,61例活检阳性率63.9%,201例术后痰涂片、术后痰快速培养结核分枝杆菌阳性率分别是28.9%、57.2%。 结论 纤支镜检查是确诊无痰或痰菌阴性不典型肺结核的有效方法 ,其中BALF行结核分枝杆菌快速培养具有较高的诊断价值、快速、阳性率较高。根据镜下所见采用不同的取材方法 可望提高诊断率。     

纤支镜灌洗液经变色液体培养基快速培养结核分枝杆菌对涂阴肺结核诊断价值的研究

目的评价纤维支气管镜小量肺泡灌洗液经变色液体培养基快速培养结核分枝杆菌对涂阴肺结核的诊断价值。方法对40例涂阴肺结核患者分别行纤支镜小量肺泡灌洗、刷检或活检，将灌洗液经变色液体培养基快速培养结核分枝杆菌。结果纤支镜肺泡灌洗40例，灌洗液培养出结核分枝杆菌17例，阳性率42．5％，刷检32例，阳性5例，活检8例，阳性3例，刷检＋活检阳性率20％，P〈0．05有统计学意义。快速培养检出时间平均13．5天。结论纤支镜灌洗液经变色液体培养基快速培养结核支杆菌，可提高涂阴肺结核中结核分枝杆菌的检出率，缩短了细菌培养检出时间，值得应用     

1781例菌阴肺结核纤维支气管镜检查结果分析

目的探讨纤维支气管镜检查在菌阴肺结核中的临床使用价值。方法回顾性对本院确诊的1781例菌阴肺结核患者的纤支镜检查结果进行分析。结果镜下气管、支气管粘膜表现为炎症型和正常型者占60％（107/1781）。单纯刷检涂片、刷检＋支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）涂片、刷检＋BALF＋组织活检、刷检＋BALF＋组织活检＋镜后痰检帮助确诊率分别为33．1％（591例）、46．7％（832例）、53．2％（947例）和55．5％（988例）。对其中287例支气管粘膜呈溃疡坏死型患者进行了经纤支镜注药治疗。结论纤支镜检查并采用不同取材方法联合检测能明显提高菌阴肺结核的确诊率，对及时治疗和控制传染源都有重要意义。     

微量支气管肺泡灌洗在菌阴肺结核诊断中的应用

目的　探讨微量支气管肺泡灌洗对菌阴肺结核的诊断价值。方法　对 18例临床高度怀疑肺结核的痰菌阴性患者行灌洗液为 4 0 ml的微量支气管肺泡灌洗 ,并对回收液涂片做抗酸杆菌检查、普通细菌培养、细胞学检查及术后痰涂片检查抗酸杆菌。并于术后 1周至 1月复查胸片。结果　微量支气管肺泡灌洗液 (BAL F)检查抗酸杆菌阳性率为 5 0 % ,联合术后痰涂片检查抗酸杆菌阳性率为 71.4 % ,与术前相比 ,差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1)。术后无 1例出现并发症。结论　微量支气管肺泡灌洗对菌阴肺结核的诊断是一种安全实用的检查方法。     

支气管肺泡灌洗液多指标联合检测对不典型肺结核的诊断价值探讨

目的探讨支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）多指标联合检测对不典型肺结核的诊断价值。方法56例不典型肺结核患者治疗前均进行支气管镜检查,行支气管刷检涂片法、镜检后痰涂片法、BALF涂片法以及联合进行BALF涂片、BALF聚合酶链反应（BALF-PCR）、BALF结核抗原（BALF-TBAG）和BALF腺苷脱氨酶（BALF-ADA）四项指标检测方法,分析不同的检测方法对不典型肺结核诊断的阳性率。结果56例患者行支气管刷检涂片法、镜检后痰涂片法、BALF涂片法的阳性率分别为39.2%,46.4%,75.0%,联合进行BALF涂片、BALF-PCR、BALF-TBAG和BALF-ADA四项指标检测的阳性率为92.8%,与前三种检测方法相比,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论BALF多指标联合检测对不典型肺结核具有较高的诊断价值,特异性高,快速,大大缩短诊断时间,可以明显提高诊断阳性率,是一项较好的组合方式。     

纤支镜灌洗液的结核分支杆菌快速培养对不典型肺结核的诊断价值

目的　评价纤维支气管镜(以下简称纤支镜)支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)的结核分支杆菌快速培养对不典型肺结核的诊断价值。方法 选无痰或痰菌阴性的不典型肺结核患者49例行纤支镜检查,进行活检、刷检、BALF经BBLMGIT分支杆菌快速培养查结核杆菌。结果 49例经纤支镜刷检、BALF快速培养结核分支杆菌检出率分别是67.4%、83.7%,其中15例经纤支镜肺活检,10例病理证实为结核肉芽肿,检出率为66.7%。结论 纤支镜对无痰或痰菌阴性下BALF行结核分支杆菌快培对不典型肺结核具有较高的诊断价值,快速,阳性率较高。根据镜下所见采用不同的取材方法可望提高诊断率。     

A tuberculostearic acid assay in the diagnosis of sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. A prospective study of bronchoscopic aspirate and lavage specimens

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the detection of tuberculostearic acid (TBSA) in bronchial aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens is useful for the rapid diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis in patients suspected of having the disease. SETTING: A pulmonary clinic in a teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Forty patients suspected of active pulmonary tuberculosis but who failed to produce sputum or whose sputum smears were negative for acid-fast bacilli on at least 3 occasions, 29 of whom were subsequently confirmed to have tuberculosis. A group of 13 patients who were having fiberoptic bronchoscopy for other reasons served as controls. INTERVENTION: All patients had fiberoptic bronchoscopy; bronchial aspirate, bronchoalveolar lavage, and sputum specimens were obtained when possible. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All specimens were examined microscopically for acid-fast bacilli, cultured for mycobacteria, and assayed for TBSA by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. Only 4 of the 29 patients with tuberculosis were diagnosed by direct microscopy compared with 26 by TBSA assay. In 2 patients who required surgical biopsy for conventional diagnosis, the TBSA test was positive. There were no false-positive TBSA results in the 13 controls, but 2 of 5 sputum specimens from the 11 test patients in whom tuberculosis was excluded were falsely positive, probably because of contamination with mouth flora. Because sputum can rarely be obtained from these patients and may give false-positive results, it is not a good specimen for TBSA assay. Sensitivities and specificities of the test for the other specimens were as follows: aspirate, 0.52 (CI, 0.32 to 0.71) and 1.00 (CI, 0.75 to 1.00); lavage, 0.68 (CI, 0.46 to 0.85) and 1.00 (CI, 0.84 to 1.00); aspirate and lavage combined, 0.79 (CI, 0.60 to 0.92) and 1.00 (CI, 0.86 to 1.00). CONCLUSIONS: The TBSA assay for bronchial aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is useful for rapidly diagnosing "smear-negative" pulmonary tuberculosis. In these specimens it is highly specific and more sensitive than microscopy. This assay could be used to diagnose other mycobacterial infections, however, it cannot distinguish among species.     

Diagnostic usefulness of transbronchial aspiration and bronchial lavage for pulmonary tuberculosis

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is a well established methods as a useful tool in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis with smear negative cases. In order to get the early and definite diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, we performed transbronchial aspiration and bronchial lavage by a fiberoptic bronchoscope in 97 patients. All patients (1) were clinically suspected of having active tuberculosis; (2) showed abnormal chest roentgenogram suggesting tuberculosis; (3) showed negative sputum smears of acid-fast bacilli, or had no sputum. The results of the study were summarized as follows: 1) Final diagnosis of study subjects were 90 patients of active pulmonary tuberculosis, and 7 patients of pulmonary atypical mycobacteriosis. 2) Sputum culture of acid-fast bacilli was positive in 22 out of 90 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. 3) Smear and culture examination of acid-fast bacilli of transbronchial aspirates were positive in 9 and 28, respectively out of 90 patients. 4) Smear and culture examination of acid-fast bacilli of bronchial lavage were positive in 12 and 39, respectively out of 90 patients. 5) A rapid and definite diagnosis was made in 16 out of 90 patients by transbronchial aspirates or bronchial lavage. 6) Atypical mycobacteria were detected in 7 out of 97 patients by transbronchial aspirates or bronchial lavage. 7) There were no serious complications such as pneumonia and exacerbation of pulmonary tuberculosis. These results suggested that transbronchial aspiration and bronchial lavage were useful procedures for rapid and definite diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.     

纤维支气管镜检查对肺弥漫性疾病的诊断价值

目的　了解纤维支气管镜(FB)检查对肺弥漫性病变的临床诊断价值。方法 总结1993～1999年间,经痰细胞学及细菌学检查均为阴性的肺部弥漫性病变86例行FB,并做活检、灌洗及刷片检查。结果 FB总的阳性率87.2%,镜下直视有病变51例,占59.4%。活检、灌洗液及刷检阳性率分别为69.2%、55.6%和30.8%。确诊肺癌38例中,支气管内新生物及肺活检阳性率分别为100%和84.2%,支气管肺泡灌洗液阳性率仅27.3%。在25例肺结核中,FB总的活检阳性率85.7%,而FB刷检和培养阳性率低16.2%。支气管镜肺活检的阳性率不因取活检次数的增加而增加。结论 FB,特别是活检是一种安全有效简便的方法,对肺弥漫性病变诊断率高,副作用小。     

Diagnostic value of bronchoscopy in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: bronchial aspirate, bronchial washing and transbronchial lung biopsy

The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is confirmed by the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum. Bronchoscopy has been used for diagnosis of various pulmonary diseases. The value of bronchoscopy such as bronchial aspirate, bronchial washing and transbronchial lung biopsy in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was evaluated, and the results were as follows: 1) One hundred ninety cases were investigated bronchoscopically due to suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis with sputum negative smear and 92 cases were confirmed to be pulmonary tuberculosis. 2) Out of 91 cases examined by bronchial aspirate and 46 cases by bronchial washing, smear positivity was 20.9% and 23.9% and culture positivity was 58.2% and 84.8%, respectively. Transbronchial lung biopsy showed positive findings of tuberculosis in 75.8% out of 33 specimens. 3) Out of 88 sputa taken before bronchoscopy and 50 sputa after bronchoscopy, smear positivity was 0% and 12%, and culture positivity was 54.5% and 40% respectively. Gastric lavage culture positivity was 29.4% in 17 cases examined. 4) Diagnosis of tuberculosis was made rapidly in 28 cases (30.4%) by smear positive results of bronchial aspirate, bronchial washing and sputa after bronchoscopy, and relatively rapidly in 20 cases (21.7%) by transbronchial lung biopsy.     

Bronchoscopic aspiration and bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis

The ability to make a definitive diagnosis in sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis by bronchoscopic aspiration, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and examination of postbronchoscopy sputum were compared. Thirty-four patients with lesions on chest x-rays suspected of being pulmonary tuberculosis were entered into the study. The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was subsequently confirmed in 28 patients and the method of arriving at the final diagnosis was analyzed. A positive acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear result was obtained in 4/28 (14%) of cases by a combination of bronchoscopic techniques and postbronchoscopy sputum examination. Prebronchoscopy sputum culture was positive in 12/28 (43%). Combined with bronchoscopy specimens, a positive AFB culture result was obtained in 26/28 (93%). Sputum examination, bronchoscopic aspiration, and BAL are complementary techniques and together they give a high yield of definitive diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.     

Bronchoscopic aspiration and bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis

The ability to make a definitive diagnosis in sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis by bronchoscopic aspiration, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and examination of postbronchoscopy sputum were compared. Thirty-four patients with lesions on chest x-rays suspected of being pulmonary tuberculosis were entered into the study. The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was subsequently confirmed in 28 patients and the method of arriving at the final diagnosis was analyzed. A positive acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear result was obtained in 4/28 (14%) of cases by a combination of bronchoscopic techniques and postbronchoscopy sputum examination. Prebronchoscopy sputum culture was positive in 12/28 (43%). Combined with bronchoscopy specimens, a positive AFB culture result was obtained in 26/28 (93%). Sputum examination, bronchoscopic aspiration, and BAL are complementary techniques and together they give a high yield of definitive diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.