胸脐皮瓣在巨大感染创面修复中的应用

应用胸脐皮瓣修复四肢巨大感染创面的１８例，其中岛状皮瓣移转６例，吻合血管的游离皮瓣移植１２例，皮瓣大小２６ｃｍ×１０ｃｍ－４０ｃｍ×１０ｃｍ，术后全部成活，伤口Ⅰ期愈休愈合。此皮瓣修复感染创面优点：（１）血管外径粗，血供丰富，抗感染力强；（２）可形成肌皮瓣，用肌肉充填骨腔，有利于骨髓炎治愈；（３）皮瓣面积大，足以覆盖全长胫骨或尺桡骨等；（４）血管蒂长，移转或移植灵活。．     

胸脐皮瓣在四肢巨大创面急诊修复中的应用

我们应用胸脐皮瓣急诊修复四肢巨大创面１３例，其中上肢８例，下肢５例，岛状移转６例，吻合血管的游离移植７例。皮瓣大小２６ｃｍ×１０ｃｍ～４０ｃｍ×１２ｃｍ，皮瓣全部成活，伤口Ⅰ期愈合，以此皮瓣急诊修复四肢创面，具有血管外径粗，血管蒂长，皮瓣血供丰富，抗感染及愈合能力强，皮瓣面积大，覆盖面广等优点。皮瓣并可携带肋骨作为骨皮瓣移植，以同时修复骨缺损。     

儿童足部损伤的显微外科修复

１９８４年以来，应用皮瓣移植修复儿童足部外伤后软组织缺损１８例，年龄３～１０岁。其中采用吻合血管的肩胛皮瓣移植１２例，肩胛骨皮瓣移植１例；小腿内侧逆行岛状皮瓣移植５例。皮瓣面积最大１７ｃｍ×７ｃｍ，最小６ｃｍ×４ｃｍ。术后皮瓣完全成活，效果满意。文章讨论儿童足部软组织缺损修复方法的选择和带血管蒂岛状皮瓣转移的优点。     

胸脐皮瓣在巨大感染创面修复中的应用

应用胸脐皮瓣修复四肢巨大感染创面18例,其中岛状皮瓣移转6例,吻合血管的游离皮瓣移植12例。皮瓣大小26cm×10cm～40cm×10cm,术后全部成活。伤口Ⅰ期愈合。此皮瓣修复感染创面优点:①血管外径粗,血供丰富,抗感染力强;②可形成肌皮瓣,用肌肉充填骨腔,有利于骨髓炎治愈;③皮瓣面积大,足以覆盖全长胫骨或尺桡骨等;④血管蒂长,移转或移植灵活。     

带蒂脐旁轴型皮瓣修复上肢皮肤缺损

带蒂脐旁轴型皮瓣是以腹壁下动脉的脐旁穿支为蒂的皮瓣。应用该皮瓣修复５例上肢瘢痕创面均获成功。其中２例修复手背瘢痕，１例修复肘部瘢痕，１例修复手掌瘢痕，１例修复肘部创面。皮瓣最大面积２３ｃｍ×１０ｃｍ，最小面积１６ｃｍ×７ｃｍ，蒂部形成管状。术后石膏固定，３周后断蒂，皮瓣全部成活。该皮瓣血管恒定，切取容易。适用于修复手掌、手背、腕部及前臂近端，特别是肘部的瘢痕或创面。     

逆行筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣修复肢体创面

总结应用逆行筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣修复四肢肌腱、骨外露创面２２例的临床经验。自１９９０年１０月以来，应用该皮瓣修复手部创面１０例，皮瓣面积最大１２ｃｍ×９ｃｍ，最小８ｃｍ×７ｃｍ，蒂长２ｃｍ～５ｃｍ，宽４ｃｍ～５ｃｍ。修复膝、小腿及踝、足部创面１２例，皮瓣面积最大１６．５ｃｍ×１２ｃｍ，最小１０ｃｍ×６ｃｍ，蒂长７ｃｍ～１２ｃｍ，宽３ｃｍ～６ｃｍ。术后皮瓣完全成活１８例，边缘部分坏死２例，完全坏死２例。对逆行筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣的血供特点，手术要点及注意事项，皮瓣的优缺点进行了讨论。     

含脐旁血管蒂真皮下血管网薄皮瓣在手外伤的应用

１９９０年１０月至１９９１年９月，应用含脐旁血管蒂真皮下血管网薄皮瓣带蒂移植修复１１例手部挤压撕脱伤。最大皮瓣长２０ｃｍ，蒂宽６．５ｃｍ，远端宽１０．５ｃｍ，最小皮瓣长６．５ｃｍ，蒂宽２．５ｃｍ。除２例因热压伤伴感染的创面分析在术后９天和１１天断蒂外，其余均在５～７天断蒂。皮瓣成活良好。对本皮瓣的断蒂时间与优点进行了讨论。     

桥式交叉吻合血管组织瓣移植修复软组织缺损的临床应用

桥式交叉吻合血管游离组织移植术［１］是１９８２年于仲嘉教授首次成功应用于临床。我科自１９９２年６月～１９９７年１０月采用此技术修复６例患者,取得满意结果。临　床　资　料本组６例,男５例,女１例,年龄３６～４８岁,皆为车祸伤。其中３例胫骨慢性骨髓炎伴软组织缺损,创面最大１６ｃｍ×１０ｃｍ,最小８ｃｍ×６ｃｍ,胫骨缺损１０～１２ｃｍ;２例足踝部严重开放性骨折,创面最大２５ｃｍ×１８ｃｍ,最小１５ｃｍ×８ｃｍ,１例骶尾部巨大褥疮,创面２０ｃｍ×１２ｃｍ。治疗方法：（１）用腓骨皮瓣游离移植修复３例慢性骨…     

胫骨大范围裸露的显微外科技术修复

目的研究胫骨大范围裸露修复的最佳方法。方法对３２２例患者，采用游离皮瓣移植术对侧胫后血管皮支为蒂的皮瓣逆行移转术、对侧胫后血管桥接游离皮瓣移植术修复。结果３２２例胫骨裸露范围为１２ｃｍ×３ｃｍ～２４．０ｃｍ×３．５ｃｍ，用皮（肌）瓣覆盖胫骨均获成活，皮瓣与创缘有３００例Ⅰ期愈合，２２例延期愈合。随访１～５年，下肢功能均改善。无一例因胫骨失去皮肤覆盖而截肢，患者满意。结论带部分腹直肌的胸脐皮瓣、带部分肌肉的阔筋膜皮瓣、肩胛侧胸联合皮瓣游离移植是修复胫骨大范围裸露的良好方法。     

带蒂超长随意皮瓣的临床应用——介绍两极双蒂随意皮瓣延迟术

为了增加随意皮瓣的长度，于１９９１年１月～１９９４年７月，设计了双蒂随意皮瓣。在皮瓣纵轴的两侧切开皮肤、皮下组织，达深筋膜浅层，游离其皮下组织，而皮瓣纵轴的两极不作切口，即形成两极双蒂皮瓣。于皮瓣下放置医用硅胶膜，以阻隔皮瓣血液循环产生延迟效应。１０～１４天后切断其一蒂，即形成单蒂超长随意皮瓣，然后将其旋转覆盖受区创面，供区创面直接缝合或游离植皮覆盖。临床应用８例，男６例，女２例。平均年龄３０岁。因车祸致小腿骨折、皮肤缺损或瘢痕５例，因机器挤压致伤３例。皮瓣的长径、宽径和蒂宽为２０ｃｍ×７ｃｍ×４ｃｍ～２９ｃｍ×１０ｃｍ×３ｃｍ。术后皮瓣全部成活，创面及其外露的骨、肌腱、神经及血管等深部组织均得到覆盖和修复。认为“延迟术”是制作超长随意皮瓣的有效方法。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.