龙胆科植物獐牙菜属药用植物的研究及应用概况

对目前龙胆科植物獐牙菜属药用植物的研究及应用概况进行了归纳和总结，并综述了该属药用植物的化学成分结构和药理作用，为更好地利用该属植物提供参考。     

獐牙菜属植物化学成分的研究概况

本文综述了国内外獐牙菜属植物化学成分研究概况,并简要介绍其药理作用。指出该属植物资源丰富,对其化学成分的进一步研究,将对评价药用价值和寻找新药具有重要的指导意义。     

印度獐牙菜化学成分和药理作用研究进展

综述了印度獐牙菜化学成分和药理作用的研究概况,为印度獐牙菜的进一步研究与利用奠定了基础。     

“藏茵陈”原植物及其混淆种类的ITS序列比较

目的　比较藏药“藏茵陈”原植物川西獐牙菜及近年市场出现混淆种类的ITS序列,为分子序列鉴定提供参照系统并为寻找新的药用植物来源提供分子证据。方法　利用PCR扩增和ABI377自动测序。结果　川西獐牙菜不同居群间的序列相同,与其混淆种类之间存在一定的分子序列差异,有其特定的分子序列;利用Paup程序聚类分析表明川西獐牙菜与抱茎獐牙菜聚在一起。结论　ITS序列可正确鉴定川西獐牙菜与其混淆种类,他们之间的分子序列差异为进一步设计特异性分子鉴定试剂盒提供了科学依据;抱茎獐牙菜可考虑作为“藏茵陈”药材的新植物来源。     

高纯度獐牙菜苦苷的制备方法

目的从川西獐牙菜药材中制备高纯度獐牙菜苦苷。方法川西獐牙菜经醇提水沉后,上清液经HPD-300大孔吸附树脂吸附洗脱后得獐牙菜苦苷粗提物,再用闪式柱色谱对其进行分离。结果制备得到的獐牙菜苦苷,纯度在90%以上,工艺总收率为79.94%。结论本实验建立的制备高纯度的獐牙菜苦苷的方法,可操作性强,重现性较好,工艺收率和产品纯度均较为理想。     

獐牙菜苦苷的药理作用研究进展

獐牙菜苦苷是一个具有良好生物活性的天然环烯醚萜类化合物。现代药理研究表明,獐牙菜苦苷具有保肝、调血脂、抗糖尿病、镇痛镇静和抗炎等多种作用。综述獐牙菜苦苷药理作用的研究进展。     

云南民族药斜茎獐牙菜的实验研究(摘要)

斜茎獐牙菜(Swertia Patens Burk)为龙胆科獐牙菜属植物,又名金沙青叶胆、小儿腹痛草,彝药名“落孺疴”其意为苦得很,我省彝族人民用其全草治疗消化不良、腹痛、牙痛、沿用历史已久。我们对该植物进行了实验研究,从其全草中分离得到齐墩果酸及獐牙菜苦甙。本所实验证明:齐墩果酸对大鼠由四氯化碳引起的肝损伤有保护作用;獐牙菜苦甙有明显的解除平滑肌痉挛作用。近三年来,我所对斜茎獐牙菜的植物学、生药学、有效成分的提取、分离、结构鉴定、药理、毒理等方面进行了研究,其中主要有效成分——獐牙菜苦甙作为解止痛新药已于1983年12月     

藏药二十五味珊瑚丸中獐牙菜藏药材名称的探讨

目的:探讨藏药二十五味珊瑚丸中獐牙菜药材名称的准确表述.方法:依据藏医药古籍及现代文献记载、现行药品标准和藏药习用品使用情况进行分析.结果:獐牙菜之名系多种藏药材的总药材名称,不能满足一药一物的要求,因此不宜在国家药品标准中使用.结论:藏药成方制剂中獐牙菜名称,应修订为桑蒂(川西獐牙菜),或甲蒂(印度獐牙菜),或帕蒂(...     

不同种獐牙菜中獐牙菜苦苷含量比较

目的比较不同品种獐牙菜植物中獐牙菜苦苷含量,为合理选择利用资源提供依据。方法甲醇超声提取獐牙菜植物中的活性成分,通过HPLC测定其中的獐牙菜苦苷含量。色谱条件：ZORBAX SB-C18（4.6mm×150mm,5μm）色谱柱,流动相为水-乙腈（92∶8）,流速1mL·min^-1,柱温25℃,检测波长为238nm。结果獐牙菜苦苷在检测范围内线性良好（r=0.9994）,加样回收试验的平均回收率为99.2%,重复性试验RSD为1.73%（n≥5）。几种獐牙菜中獐牙菜苦苷含量在0.58%～12.86%。结论獐牙菜苦苷含量在獐牙菜属植物中种间差别比较大。     

川西獐牙菜不同部位对人胃癌细胞MGC-803增殖抑制作用和细胞周期的影响

目的 研究藏药川西獐牙菜提取物对人胃癌细胞MGC-803增殖抑制作用和细胞周期的影响。方法 MTT法测定川西獐牙菜石油醚部位、醋酸乙酯部位、正丁醇部位、水部位和甲醇总提取物部位对人胃癌细胞MGC-803的增殖抑制作用;流式细胞术检测正丁醇部位对细胞周期的影响;高效液相色谱-串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）法检测正丁醇部位的主要化学成分。结果 藏药川西獐牙菜各提取部位对人胃癌细胞MGC-803增殖均有抑制作用,正丁醇部位的增殖抑制效果最佳且具有明显的量效关系;用正丁醇部位处理MGC-803细胞,表现出明显的S期周期阻滞;HPLC-MS/MS检测结果表明正丁醇部位的主要化学成分为1,7,8-三羟基-3-甲氧基呫吨酮、1,8-二羟基-3,5-二甲氧基呫吨酮、1,3,6,7-四羟基呫吨酮-2-β-D-葡萄糖、2’-间羟基苯甲酰獐牙菜苷、獐牙菜苷-6’-O-葡萄糖和1-羟基-2,3,5-三甲氧基呫吨酮-1-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖（1-6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖]。结论 川西獐牙菜各部位对人胃癌细胞MGC-803均具有增殖抑制作用,正丁醇部位的抑制作用最强且能够通过改变细胞周期分布抑制人胃癌细胞MGC-803的生长,其中主要成分为呫吨酮类化合物。     

藏药蒂达两种原植物的生药学鉴定

目的对藏药蒂达两种原植物獐牙菜、花锚进行系统的生药学鉴定,为其鉴别及应用提供科学依据。方法采用原植物、性状、显微、薄层鉴定的方法对两种原植物进行对比。结果獐牙菜、花锚在原植物形态、显微特征、薄层色谱图上有明显区别。结论通过原植物、性状、显微和薄层色谱图对比,能够很好地区别蒂达两种原植物。     

金荞麦化学成分、药理作用及临床应用研究概况

金荞麦作为我国传统医学中有着丰富营养价值的一味药用植物,现已被广泛应用于药品和保健食品。其化学成分类型包括黄酮类、缩合鞣质类、萜类、有机酸酯类、甾体类、挥发油、微量元素及氨基酸,对人体多个系统有着重要影响。随着现代药学领域技术的不断进步,越来越多的化学成分、药理功效被探索,临床应用被逐步扩展。基于此,笔者就近年来金荞麦化学成分、药理作用及临床应用研究现状进行概述,以期为其进一步发展提供参考。     

Molecular authentication of the traditional Tibetan medicinal plant Swertia mussotii

Swertia mussotii is an important species in Tibetan folk medicine. However, it is quite expensive and frequently adulterated, so reliable methods for authentication of putative specimens and preparations of the species are needed to protect consumers and to support conservation measures. We show here that the chloroplast (cp) DNA RPL16 intron has limited utility for differentiating S. mussotii from closely related species, since the cpDNA RPL16 sequences are identical in S. mussotii and two other species of Swertia. However, the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences differ significantly between S. mussotii and all of 13 tested potential adulterants. Thus, the ITS region provides a robust molecular marker for differentiating the medicinal S. mussotii from related adulterants. Therefore, a pair of allele-specific diagnostic primers based on the divergent ITS region was designed to distinguish S. mussotii from the other species. Authentication by allele-specific diagnostic PCR using these primers is convenient, effective and both simpler and less time-consuming than sequencing the ITS region.     

金线莲化学成分、药理作用及临床应用研究概述

目的对金线莲的化学成分、药理作用及临床应用进展进行综述,为金线莲的进一步开发利用提供思路,方法对相关文献进行整理。结果金线莲含有多种化学成分,包括黄酮类、多糖类、生物碱、挥发油、甾体、萜类等,具有抗肿瘤、降血糖、保肝、抗HBV、降血压等药理活性,临床上可用于治疗2型糖尿病、老年高尿酸血症、儿科疾病等。结论金线莲具有良好的应用开发前景,应继续加强其基础与应用开发研究．     

Nanosuspensions in drug delivery: recent advances, patent scenarios, and commercialization aspects

The interest in the preparation and application of nanometer-sized materials is increasing due to their tremendous potential as a drug delivery system with wide range of applications. Recently, nanoscale systems have received much interest as a way to resolve solubility issues because of their cost-effectiveness and technical simplicity compared to liposomes and other colloidal drug carriers. Nanosuspensions have proven to be a better alternative over other approaches currently available for improving bioavailability of number of drugs with low solubility. Nanosuspensions have been extensively developed for a wide range of drugs and have been evaluated for in vitro and in vivo applications by various routes: parenteral, oral, pulmonary, topical. They have also been used for drug targeting. Different preparation methods for nanosuspensions and their application are being reported and patented. In fact, the number of products based on nanosuspension in the market and under clinical study is higher than that of other nanotechnology-based applications. This article reviews the research and recent advances in formulation, characterization, application of nanosuspensions as well as patents on nanosuspension methods.     

The safety of black cohosh (Actaea racemosa, Cimicifuga racemosa)

Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa/Cimicifuga racemosa) is a North American perennial plant that has been used for traditional medicinal purposes by the native Indian population. Its modern day application is the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Unlike conventional non-herbal medications, herbal preparations have not been systematically evaluated for their safety. However, the evidence from in vitro, animal and clinical studies all suggest that black cohosh is a safe herbal therapy for menopausal women if taken for a limited period. More research is needed to evaluate the safety of this herb over longer periods of time, and also to further investigate its mechanism of action.     

麻黄属植物化学成分及临床应用的研究进展

目的：阐述麻黄属植物化学成分及临床应用的研究现状,为麻黄的临床应用提供新的思路。方法：查阅麻黄属植物相关研究文献,总结其化学成分及临床应用概况。结果：麻黄中主要的化合物有麻黄碱类、挥发油类、黄酮类、多糖类和少量的有机酸。目前在麻黄属植物麻黄中麻黄碱的应用十分广泛,除以中药配方应用于临床,已有60余种化学药品以盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸伪麻黄碱作为有效成分,主治咳嗽。对其挥发油类、黄酮类的临床应用研究不多。麻黄联合化学药品共同使用,弥补了传统中药配方煎熬过程中有效成分的丢失,可以使治疗效果更明显。麻黄多糖抗炎、镇痛、对免疫的影响作用机制尚不确定,有待进一步研究。结论：麻黄作为传统中药,具有较大的药用价值,将为其临床应用提供新的思路。     

Schizonepeta tenuifolia: chemistry, pharmacology, and clinical applications

This article presents an up-to-date review of the plant Schizonepeta tenuifolia (Jingjie), of family Labiatae, with respect to its traditional uses, chemical constituents, various pharmacological activities, and clinical effects. Nonetheless, its mechanism of actions, adverse effects, drug interactions, and contraindications remain unclear. With the global growth on the use of herbal products, Jingjie has been commonly marketed for the treatment of common cold and fever in Chinese proprietary medicines. Hence, further studies will be warranted to show its efficacy and safety.     

碘海醇药动学研究进展与应用

碘海醇注射液是一种非离子型含碘造影剂, 已广泛应用于临床造影。肾小球滤过率是肾功能评价的重要指标, 近年来, 碘海醇用于肾小球滤过率测定的研究报道颇多。碘海醇用药相对安全, 但其不良反应的发生时有报道, 合理的护理措施至关重要。碘海醇药动学研究可为临床合理用药提供参考, 准确、高效的测定方法是药动学研究的基础。本文对近几年碘海醇的测定方法、药动学研究、应用、不良反应的相应护理措施进行简单综述, 期望为碘海醇的基础研究, 临床合理用药以及进一步的开发利用提供参考资料。     

The assessment of plant metabolite profiles by NMR-based methodologies

NMR-based metabolic profiling techniques can simultaneously track changes in many plant metabolites and have found a number of applications in both systems biology and biosafety. Together with multivariate statistical analyses, NMR spectroscopy has been successfully applied to the characterisation of various herbs and plant products for quality control, authentication, determining geographical origin and for detecting adulteration of products. Additionally, the metabolic consequences of plant extracts have been demonstrated in experimental animals and in man using NMR-based metabonomics approaches to characterise the response. Here the application of NMR spectroscopy and chemometric tools for analysing plant-based products and their metabolic consequences are considered with particular emphasis on deconvolving biological complexity and minimising confounding biological variability with analytical 'noise'.