口服甘露醇多层螺旋CT小肠造影的临床应用

目的:评价口服大剂量2.5%等渗甘露醇多层螺旋CT小肠造影的临床价值。材料和方法:36例患者口服1500m l 2.5%等渗甘露醇后,静脉注入20mg山莨菪碱注射液30~40min后行多层螺旋CT三期扫描,并进行多平面重建(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)和容积重建技术(VRT)重建。将小肠分为六组,分析小肠充盈情况。结果:所有受试者均认为等渗甘露醇微甜,易接受,未发现并发症。比较三种造影方法,其中以第三种效果最好。充盈良好率达88.5%,MSCTE清楚显示小肠肿瘤10例、肠粘连、肠系膜上动脉压迫综合征、肠梗阻等各1例,显示小肠疾患的肠内、肠壁、肠外及腹腔内脏器情况,显示胃、结肠癌共6例。结论:MSCTE是一种简便易行、经济实惠、能全方位多维显示小肠疾病的方法。     

口服等渗甘露醇螺旋CT肠造影对小肠肿瘤的诊断应用

目的评价口服大剂量2.5%等渗甘露醇螺旋CT小肠造影(SCTE)在小肠肿瘤诊断中的价值。方法 36例经手术病理证实小肠肿瘤患者每人口服2.5%等渗甘露醇约1000～1500 mL后,肌注20 mg山莨菪碱注射液,10～15 min后行螺旋CT三维扫描,分析不同小肠肿瘤的表现,并比较42例常规CT扫描与SCTE的诊断结果。结果 36例患者除2例回盲部充盈欠佳外,其余34例十二指肠,空肠及回肠肠腔充盈良好,对肿瘤的显示、衬托满意。SCTE检查与临床诊断符合率为94.4%(34/36),高于常规扫描78.57%(33/42)。结论 SCTE是一种简便、安全、非侵袭性,有效评价小肠肿瘤的方法,能明显提高肿瘤的检出率。     

MSCT小肠造影在小肠梗阻病变诊断中的应用

目的:评价多层螺旋CT小肠造影(MSCTE)对小肠梗阻性疾病的临床应用价值.方法:30例临床及常规X线平片诊断为小肠梗阻患者,造影前口服1200 ml 2.5%等渗甘露醇溶液,静脉肌注20mg山莨菪碱注射液,20min后多层螺旋CT增强扫描;将原始数据2次重建后在GE ADW4.0图形工作站上进行多平面容积重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)重建,结合横断面图像,分析小肠梗阻的MSCTE表现,并与临床诊断或手术病理结果对照.结果:30例均一次屏气完成扫描,小肠充盈良好,MSCTE成像可清楚显示小肠梗阻位置、肿瘤、肠粘连、Crohn病、及系膜、血管等情况.结论:MSCTE对小肠梗阻的病因诊断有很高临床价值.     

多层螺旋CT肠道成像的临床研究

目的 探讨口服2.5%等渗甘露醇多层螺旋CT肠道成像(MSCTE)的优势及其临床价值.方法 40例临床怀疑为小肠肿瘤疾病者采用完全随机法分为2组,分别行常规法与改良法CT小肠MSCTE,对比2种方法观察6段小肠(1段为十二指肠,2段为空肠近段,3段为空肠远段,4、5、6段为回肠)的管腔扩张度及管壁厚度.20例临床怀疑胃肠道疾病患者行全胃肠CT成像检查.对胃肠道管腔扩张度评分及管壁厚度采用x2检验和t检验进行比较.结果 胃、回肠及各组大肠肠壁厚度分别为(2.56±0.52)、(1.41±0.15)、(1.46±0.13)、(1.91±0.25)、(1.97±0.26)、(2.01±0.19)、(2.04±0.24)和(2.05±0.18)mm.改良法MSCTE对2、3段(空肠近段和远段)小肠肠壁、肠腔及黏膜皱襞的显示效果明显优于常规法(P值均＜0.05),2种方法对1、4、5、6组(十二指肠和回肠)小肠肠壁、肠腔及黏膜皱襞的显示效果差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).全胃肠CT成像对十二指肠及空肠充盈稍差,胃、回肠及大肠均充分充盈,胃肠道管腔、管壁及黏膜皱襞显示清晰.结论 改良法小肠MSCTE对空肠充盈效果更好,全胃肠CT成像能一次性使胃、小肠及大肠均较好的充盈,拓展了MSCTE的诊断范围.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the value and usefulness of optimized multislice CT enterography (MSCTE) with orally administered isosmotic mannitol (2. 5%) as negative contrast in demonstrating the small bowel and its abnormality. Methods Forty patients suspected of intestinal tumors were randomly divided into two groups and underwent conventional or optimized MSCTE. The expansion degree of bowel lumen and the thickness of bowel wall were evaluated for the six segments of the small intestine. The other 20 patients suspected of gastrointestinal diseases underwent gastrointestinal CT imaging.The expansion degree of bowel lumen and the wall thickness of bowel wall were statistically analyzed with Chi-Square test and t test. Results The wall thickness of the stomach, ileum and colon were (2. 56 ±0.52) ,(1.41 ±0. 15),(1.46 ±0. 13),(1.91 ±0. 25), (1.97 ±0.26),(2.01 ±0. 19), (2. 04 ±0.24)and (2. 05 ±0. 18)mm. Optimized method was superior to conventional method in the expansion degree of the second and third segments of the small intestine (P ＜ 0. 05) . There was no significant differences between two groups in the expansion degree and depiction of mucosa for the other segments of small intestine (P ＞ 0. 05). The gastrointestinal CT imaging was poor in the depiction of the duodenum and jejunum, but stomach, ileum and colon were fully illustrated. Conclusion Optimized MSCTE was superior to conventional method in demonstrating the small bowel, and gastrointestinal CT imaging can expand diagnostic scope because of good observation of whole gastrointestinal tract.     

口服甘露醇低张小肠造影诊断小肠淋巴瘤的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT小肠造影(MSCTE)双期动态增强扫描在小肠淋巴瘤中的应用价值.方法 对22例经病理证实的小肠淋巴瘤患者行MSCTE双期动态增强扫描,并在ADW4.2工作站进行后处理.分析小肠淋巴瘤的发病部位、形态、强化方式、淋巴结和供血血管的显示率等特征.结果 22例NHL小肠淋巴瘤中,十二指肠4例,空肠6例,回肠12例,位于末端回肠6例.门脉期CT值平均增高32 HU,12例表现为浸润溃疡型,动脉瘤样扩张型有8例,息肉样肿块型4例.15例肠系膜见多发的淋巴结肿大,MPR重建后6例见来源于肠系膜动脉的供血动脉.MscTE对小肠淋巴瘤的定位、定性与术后病理符合率分别为95.5%和91%.结论 MSCTE在小肠淋巴瘤的诊断中的应用价值较大,大大提高了病灶的检出率.     

口服等渗甘露醇溶液MSCT小肠、结肠双对比造影的临床价值

目的:评价口服大剂量2.5%等渗甘露醇溶液MSCT小肠、结肠双对比造影的临床价值。方法:24例匀速口服1 500ml 2.5%等渗甘露醇溶液,后肌肉注射10mg山莨菪碱,再服约1 000ml 2.5%等渗甘露醇溶液,之后行16排CT 3期扫描,并行MPR、MIP。结果:根据解剖区分十二指肠、空肠、回肠、升结肠、横结肠、降结肠、乙状结肠及直肠,分析小肠和结肠充盈情况及病变显示情况。24例中CT诊断小肠、结肠病变共12例,小肠肿瘤3例(其中空肠低分化腺癌1例、小肠间质瘤2例),Crohn病5例,肠梗阻2例,胰腺癌1例,溃疡性结肠炎1例;其余12例经临床随访证实均无器质性病变。MSCT小肠、结肠双对比造影可清楚显示小肠肿瘤、Crohn病、溃疡性结肠炎等病变的部位、范围、强化特点及有无近端小肠梗阻等情况,也可显示肠壁内外及腹腔内其他脏器情况。结论:MSCT小肠、结肠双对比造影是诊断小肠、结肠疾病有价值的检查技术。     

小肠肿瘤螺旋CT诊断的进展

小肠是胃肠道最长的器官,因其走行弯曲,肠管常互相重叠,传统的胃肠道和内镜检查单纯地观察消化道腔内结构,尚不能很好显示肠壁和腔外结构.螺旋CT具有快速扫描和三维后处理能力,能清晰反应肠壁和肠腔外的病变.新的影像技术口服大剂量5%等渗甘露醇螺旋CT小肠造影(spiral CT enterography,SCTE)能使小肠充盈良好,对肿瘤的显示、衬托满意,与临床诊断符合率较传统CT高.SCTE是一种简便、安全、非侵袭性、有效评价小肠肿瘤的方法,能明显提高肿瘤的检出率.     

多层螺旋CT小肠成像在诊断克隆病中的应用

克隆病(crohn disease,CD)是一种肉芽肿性炎性病变,其特征是肠壁节段性受累和透壁性炎症.可以累及消化道的任何部分,但以末端回肠和近段结肠最易受累[1].70%的病变位于小肠,其中30%位于末端回肠[2].早期主要表现为黏膜或黏膜下层水肿,黏膜面溃疡形成,进而病变累及肠壁全层,导致肠壁纤维化、穿孔,甚至瘘管、窦道形成,造成肠周脂肪、肠系膜以及邻近组织、器官受累.病变肠管呈节段性改变,故又称其为节段性肠炎.临床上诊断CD主要依靠消化道造影和肠镜检查,但最终确诊依赖病理.随着多层螺旋CT技术的迅速发展,以其极高的空间分辨率和时间分辨率和真正意义上的各向同性扫描[3],使得运用CT来诊断肠道疾病成为可能.目前临床上对小肠病变的检查存在许多不足之处,笔者就多层螺旋CT小肠造影(multi-slice CT enterography,MSCTE)在诊断小肠CD中的价值做一综述.     

口服等渗甘露醇SCT小肠造影诊断小肠肿瘤的临床研究

目的 探讨口服大剂量5.07％等渗甘露醇螺旋CT小肠造影(spiral CT enterography,SCTE)在小肠肿瘤诊断中的临床应用价值.方法 研究对象包括2004年1月～2008年10月间临床怀疑有小肠肿瘤性病变而行SCTE检查者60例、正常志愿者10例,动物实验(8只大鼠).分析各种小肠肿瘤的SCTE表现,并比较了82例传统CT扫描与SCTE检查结果,分别计算出两种不同检查方法的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值.结果 70例SCTE检查者除2例回盲部充盈欠佳外,余病例十二指肠、空肠及回肠肠腔充盈良好,对肿瘤的显示、衬托满意.动物试验显示50min大鼠小肠充盈最佳.SCTE检查的敏感度97.22％(35/36)、特异度95.83％(23/24)、阳性预测值97.22％(35/36)、阴性预测值95.83％(23/24),高于传统法CT扫描之敏感度76.19 ％(32/42)、特异度75％(30/40)、阳性预测值76.19 ％(32/42)、阴性预测值75％(30/40),两种方法比较其敏感度、阳性预测值差异有统计学意义(x2=5.45,x2=5.45,P＜0.05).结论 ①口服等渗甘露醇SCTE是一种简便、安全、非侵袭性、有效评价小肠肿瘤的方法,能明显提高肿瘤的检出率;②口服等渗甘露醇SCTE双期增强扫描结合重建技术对小肠肿瘤定位、定性及肿瘤分期有较高临床价值.     

Crohn病的多层螺旋CT小肠造影征象分析

目的分析Crohn病的多层螺旋CT小肠造影(multislice computer tomography enterography,MSCTE)影像征象,并讨论其对该病的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析28例经内镜、手术、病理证实的Crohn病的MSCTE影像学资料,全部患者行CT平扫和动脉期、静脉期增强扫描,并行MPR、厚层MIP等重建。结果 28例中单纯小肠受累(9/28),小肠-结肠同时受累(16/28),单独结肠受累(3/28),病变以累及回肠末端最为常见(20/28)。MSCTE表现:肠壁增厚(28/28),肠壁厚度4.5~23.2mm;增强扫描肠壁分层状强化(19/28),均匀强化(9/28),肠腔狭窄(15/28),肠系膜淋巴结增大(19/28),病变肠管周围肠系膜血管增多(15/28);MSCTE表现肠壁增厚、分层状强化、肠系膜脂肪渗出性改变、血管增多(梳征)等征象可提示克罗恩病(CD)病变处于活动期。结论 MSCTE是一种诊断Crohn病较敏感的非侵入性成像方法,可同时显示肠壁及肠腔外病变,且对CD的活动性评估具有一定优势,可作为该病首选的影像诊断方法。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.