Improving surveillance of infectious diseases in New South Wales

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of laboratory reporting of infectious diseases and to compare the value of this system with the existing medical practitioner notification system. DESIGN: A sample of notifications was selected from medical practitioner notifications and was compared for both completeness and timeliness of notification with a sample of notifications obtained through the Laboratory Infectious Diseases Surveillance Project. SETTING: The New South Wales Health Department and the Public Health Unit of the Eastern Sydney Area Health Service. PARTICIPANTS: Medical practitioners forwarding notifications of infectious diseases to the New South Wales Health Department and laboratories participating in the Laboratory Infectious Diseases Surveillance Project. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We counted the number of infectious diseases reported by medical practitioners and participating laboratories and estimated the proportion of these diseases which were common to both sources of data. We also estimated the time taken between the diagnosis of a notifiable infectious disease and the receipt of the notification by the Medical Officer of Health. RESULTS: There was substantial underreporting of notifiable infectious diseases by medical practitioners. During the study there were 461 cases of a notifiable disease reported by either medical practitioners or by participating laboratories. Of these cases, 75% were reported only by laboratory staff, 20.2% were reported by medical practitioners alone and 4.8% of cases were reported by both laboratory staff and medical practitioners. The Medical Officer of Health received the reports from the participating laboratories within a significantly shorter time than the notifications from medical practitioners. CONCLUSION: The use of infectious disease notifications by laboratories can substantially improve the surveillance of infectious diseases.     

Notification of infectious diseases by general practitioners: a quantitative and qualitative study

OBJECTIVE: To examine general practitioners' knowledge and practices concerning reporting of notifiable conditions, and to examine barriers to notification of infectious diseases by general practitioners and identify strategies for improving the notification process. DESIGN AND SETTING: Audit of the 100 most recent notifications received by the South Eastern Sydney Public Health Unit of cases of each of hepatitis A, pertussis and measles; and focus groups with GPs practising in Sydney's eastern and southern suburbs, some of whom were selected on the basis of their notification practices. RESULTS: Although these diseases are notifiable on clinical suspicion, only about 40% of the hepatitis A and pertussis cases and 80% of measles cases (54% overall) had been notified by GPs. Delays between doctor and laboratory notifications were an average of seven days for hepatitis A, 19 days for pertussis and seven days for measles. Focus groups showed that at least some GPs have poor understanding of the process of notification, most felt uncomfortable notifying an unconfirmed case, many preferred to leave notification to the laboratory because of concerns about damaging the doctor-patient relationship, and that there is need for financial or other incentives. CONCLUSIONS: There are deficiencies in the completeness and timeliness of notification by GPs which may adversely affect the timing of prophylaxis and outbreak control. Notification by GPs may be improved by such strategies as better notification forms and better feedback to doctors on the outcomes.     

Dictated versus database-generated discharge summaries: a randomized clinical trial

BACKGROUND: Hospital discharge summaries communicate information necessary for continuing patient care. They are most commonly generated by voice dictation and are often of poor quality. The objective of this study was to compare discharge summaries created by voice dictation with those generated from a clinical database. METHODS: A randomized clinical trial was performed in which discharge summaries for patients discharged from a general internal medicine service at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Ottawa were created by voice dictation (151 patients) or from a database (142 patients). Patients had been admitted between September 1996 and June 1997. The trial was preceded by a baseline cohort study in which all summaries were created by dictation. For the database group, information on forms completed by housestaff was entered into a database and collated into a discharge summary. For the dictation group, housestaff dictated narrative letters. The proportion of patients for whom a summary was generated within 4 weeks of discharge was recorded. Physicians receiving the summary rated its quality, completeness, organization and timeliness on a 100-mm visual analogue scale. Housestaff preference was also determined. RESULTS: Patients in the database group and the dictation group were similar. A summary was much more likely to be generated within 4 weeks of discharge for patients in the database group than for those in the dictation group (113 [79.6%] v. 86 [57.0%]; p < 0.001). Summary quality was similar (mean rating 72.7 [standard deviation (SD) 19.3] v. 74.9 [SD 16.6]), as were assessments of completeness (73.4 [SD 19.8] v. 78.2 [SD 14.9]), organization (77.4 [SD 16.3] v. 79.3 [SD 17.2]) and timeliness (70.3 [SD 21.9] v. 66.2 [SD 25.6]). Many information items of interest were more likely to be included in the database-generated summaries. The database system created summaries faster and was preferred by housestaff. Dictated summaries in the baseline and randomized studies were similar, which indicated that the control group was not substantially different from the baseline cohort. INTERPRETATION: The database system significantly increased the likelihood that a discharge summary was created. Housestaff preferred the database system for summary generation. Physicians thought that the quality of summaries generated by the 2 methods was similar. The use of computer databases to create hospital discharge summaries is promising and merits further study and refinement.     

亲缘半相合造血干细胞移植中第三方脐血辅助输注的作用分析

目的 探讨第三方脐血辅助输注在亲缘半相合造血干细胞移植中的作用.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2013年5月收治的确诊为恶性血液病,并已完成亲缘半相合造血干细胞移植的66例患者的临床资料,以是否回输第三方脐血细胞将患者分为两组：25例辅助性回输脐血者为试验组,41例未回输脐血者为对照组.对患者移植后造血恢复情况、移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）发生情况、其他并发症及预后等情况进行比较.结果 两组患者的年龄、性别、供者来源、疾病种类以及移植前疾病状况比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞ 0.05）.两组采用预处理方案比较有差异（P=0.00）,但此差异无临床意义.试验组回输单个核细胞数（MNC）为（9.94±2.88）×10^8/kg、CD34＋（5.46±3.54）×10^6/kg,对照组回输MNC （7.80±0.82）×10^8/kg、CD34＋ （3.54±1.60）×10^6/kg,试验组回输的MNC数多于对照组（P=0.00）,而两组回输的CD34＋细胞比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.16）.试验组较对照组WBC计数恢复快（P=0.023）,试验组与对照组WBC植活时间分别为（13.7±2.9）、（16.6±2.9）d;试验组Ⅲ～Ⅳ度GVHD发生率低（P =0.036）、早期细菌感染率（P=0.001）、真菌感染率（P =0.009）及出血性膀胱炎发生率低（P=0.00）均低于对照组,而两组PLT恢复情况（P=0.43）、Ⅰ～Ⅱ度GVHD发生率（P=0.27）以及植入综合征发生率（P=0.24）、肝窦阻塞综合征发生率（P=0.57）、病毒血症（P=0.31）发生率均差异无统计学意义.结论 使用脐血作为第三方辅助输注后可促进供者细胞植入,减轻GVHD的发生,但长期预后有待观察.     

CD4+ T-lymphopenia in HIV negative tuberculous patients at King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh,Saudi Arabia

Tuberculosis (Tb) is a chronic infectious disease in which the cellular immunity (specifically CD4+ and CD8 lymphocytes) provides the most important defense in controlling infection. CD4 lymphopenia is a well-defined risk factor for the development of active tuberculosis in patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. In HIV - negative patients, CD4 and CD8 cell count suppression has been associated with Tb infection. Our study was designed to determine the baseline and post-treatment values of CD4 and CD8 in HIV negative patients diagnosed with active Tb in Saudi Arabian patients. We recruited twenty-eight, non-HIV patients with tuberculosis for the study group comprising 16 males and 12 females with either disseminated or localized active Tb infection. Two control groups were selected one of twenty-one matched healthy controls and the second of forty-two subjects from pool of controls of an ongoing study in same population for normal CD4 and CD8 counts. The baseline pre-treatment CD4 and CD8 counts in the study group were significantly lower than either control group. Specifically the mean ± SD of CD4 counts were 556.79 ± 298.81 in the study group vs 1,132.38 ± 259.90 in control group 1 and 1,424.38 ± 870.98 in control group 2 (p 0.000). Likewise the CD8 counts in the study group were 1,136.00 ± 512.06 vs. 1,461.90 ± 367.02 in control group 1 and 1,495.90 ± 565.32 in control group 2 (p 0.000) respectively. After treatment of tuberculosis, the study patients experienced a significant increase in their mean ± SD CD4 and CD8 cell counts, from 556.79 ± 297.81 to 954.29 ± 210.90 for CD4 cells (p 0.005) and 1136.00 ± 512.06 to 1,316.54 ± 286.17 for CD8 cells (p 0.002). Analysis of study patients with disseminated disease found significantly lower CD4 cells (but not lower CD8 cells) compared to study patients with localized disease, both at baseline and after treatment. The mean ± SD baseline CD4 cells were 247.60 ± 187.80 with disseminated vs 728.56 ± 186.32 for localized disease (p = 0.000) which rose to 842.30 ± 93.55 vs 1016.50 ± 233.51 (p = 0.033) respectively. We conclude that tuberculosis may be associated with CD4 and CD8 lymphopenia even in patients without human immunodeficiency virus infection, there was the tendency of recovery towards normality especially of the CD4 and CD8 counts after treatment, and that disseminated disease is associated specifically with profound CD4 lymphopenia.     

Oral hygiene awareness among female Saudi school children

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the oral hygiene habits and utilization of professional dental health services by all the children in the primary schools, and to compare the differences in oral hygiene awareness (OHA) and dental health status of schoolchildren who are exposed to dental health education and those who are not. METHODS: Participants included 400 Saudi children, randomly selected from the primary female schools in Al-Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on April 2007. Two hundreds children (age 9-11) from the 25 schools, who were exposed to the dental health education program on April 2006, were randomly selected as the study group. Two hundred children (age 9-11) from the schools, which were not exposed to such program were also randomly selected as the control group. The required information about oral hygiene awareness was collected through an especially designed questionnaire. RESULTS: Tooth brushing for 2 times a day or after meals were more common among schoolchildren of study group, than schoolchildren of control group. A significant difference (p=0.00) was observed between study group and control group, with regard to never brush their teeth. There was no significant difference between study group and control group with respect to using dental floss, using mouthwash, and in relation to never visiting a dentist for check up. The main reason cited by study group, and by control group for visiting the dentist was that they had severe toothache. Both groups presently consume more sweetened soft drinks. A significant (p=0.00) higher frequency of good dental status was observed in the study group, as compared with that of the control group. CONCLUSION: The school which applied this program, showed improved OHA of children as compared with the control group. Systematic school-based oral health promotion programs are urgently needed in the Kingdom to target lifestyles and health needs of children.     

人神经干细胞移植治疗大鼠脑创伤观察

目的:探讨人神经干细胞(NSCs)移植治疗大鼠脑创伤的可行性.方法:取孕14周流产胎儿脑组织,进行NSCs培养及鉴定,并应用Hoechest33258标记细胞.54只大鼠随机等分为假损伤组(A组)、治疗对照组(B组)及NSCs移植组(C组).采用自由落体撞击法制作大鼠脑创伤模型后,C组给予NSCs移植,B组给予生理盐水,A组不打击脑组织.3组分别于移植术后2 d及7 d进行大鼠行为学评分,分别于植术后2周和4周行Y迷宫试验测学习和记忆评分.移植后3 d、7 d脑组织切片荧光显微镜下观察移植细胞存活情况,移植后2周、4周行GFAP、NSE免疫组织化学染色.结果:NSCs移植后2 d行为学评分3组之间差异有统计学意义(P=0.00),B、C组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.09);移植后7 d行为学评分3组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.00),A、C组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.10);移植后2周学习评分和4周记忆评分3组间差异均有统计学意义(P=0.00),B、C组间差异均有统计学意义(P=0.00);C组脑组织GFAP、NSE染色阳性,可见标记的NSCs.结论:人NSCs植入大鼠创伤脑内后,可存活并和宿主组织融合在一起,促进大鼠行为学恢复,提高学习和记忆能力,并分化为神经元和神经胶质细胞.NSCs移植为治疗脑创伤提供了新的方法.     

红外线照射改善人工流产患者局部微循环的效果研究

目的观察红外线照射在改善人工流产患者局部微循环中的效果。方法选取2012年4月至2013年6月于本院进行人工流产术的60例患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组（常规人工流产术后干预组）30例和观察组（红外线照射治疗组）30例,比较两组患者治疗干预前后的宫颈部位的红细胞聚集情况、血管清晰度及血液流速。结果观察组治疗后3 d及7 d的红细胞重度聚集率、血管模糊率及血液流速重度异常率分别为6.67%、0、13.33%和3.33%、3.33%、0,其均明显低于对照组,且观察组治疗后的红细胞重度聚集率、血管模糊率及血液流速重度异常率显著低于本组治疗前的检测结果,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论红外线照射在改善人工流产患者局部微循环中的效果较为突出,可有效促进机体的康复。     

缩短围手术期禁食时间对甲状腺手术快速康复的影响

目的 探讨缩短术前禁食时间对甲状腺手术快速康复的影响。 方法 选择2016年6—12月在四川大学华西医院行甲状腺癌手术的患者120例,按照其手术时间的先后顺序分为观察组和对照组各60例。对照组术前禁食12 h,禁饮6 h,术后6 h后进饮不发生呛咳则进食。观察组患者应用FTS理念,术前禁食6 h,禁饮4 h,术后4 h后进饮不发生呛咳则进食。检测2组患者术前1 d、术中与术后1 d外周血皮质醇与血糖水平,观察比较应激反应情况。 结果 2组患者发生术中呕吐/误吸[0(0.00%) vs.0(0.00%)]及术后恶心[7(11.67%) vs.5(8.33%)]、呕吐[3(5.00%) vs.4(6.67%)]情况比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.370、0.152,均P>0.05);观察组患者术前、术后口渴/饥饿感发生率[3(5.00%)、2(3.33%)]低于对照组[55(91.67%)、58(96.67%)],术后住院时间[(5.1±1.3) d]少于对照组[(6.3±1.1) d],差异有统计学意义(χ2=90.234、104.530,t=5.165,均P<0.05)。术中观察组外周血皮质醇[(493.6±116.7) ng/L]显著低于对照组[(548.1±116.4) ng/L],差异有统计学意义(t=2.327,P<0.05);术后1 d,观察组外周血皮质醇水平[(500.2±121.3) ng/L]显著低于对照组[(592.4±119.2) ng/L],差异有统计学意义(t=2.906,P<0.05)。术后1 d,观察组空腹血糖[(5.5±0.8) mmol/L]显著低于对照组[(7.3±1.0) mmol/L],差异有统计学意义(t=10.887,P<0.05)。 结论 缩短甲状腺癌围术期禁食禁饮时间可以减少患者围术期不适感,促进患者早期康复,缩短住院时间,同时还为甲状腺手术快速康复的专家共识撰写提供循证依据,进一步加快了快速康复在甲状腺疾病中的运用进程。      

电针阻断胰岛素抵抗及过氧化反应治疗非酒精性脂肪肝的实验研究

目的 探讨电针阻断胰岛素抵抗及过氧化反应治疗非酒精性脂肪肝(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)的机制.方法 SD大鼠33只按随机抽签法分组:正常对照组(11只),造模组(22只).正常组以普通饲料喂养,造模组以高脂饲料喂养,8周后处死3只(正常对照组1只,造模组2只),验证造模成功后将造模组分为NAFLD模型组(10只)和电针治疗组(10只),后者施以电针治疗.12周末处死所有大鼠检测血糖(FBG)、血清胰岛素(FINS)、血清游离脂肪酸(FFA)、肝内丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量变化及肝组织病理学.结果 与模型组比较,电针组FBG、FINS、FFA降低(P＜0.05);肝内MDA、TG、TC显著下降(P＜0.01);SOD、GSH活性升高(P＜0.01),肝组织脂肪变性和炎性损伤得以改善.结论 电针通过阻止胰岛素抵抗和过氧化反应之间的恶性循环治疗NAFLD.     

优质护理在股骨颈骨折患者内固定术中的应用效果

目的：探讨优质护理在股骨颈骨折患者内固定术中的应用效果。方法随机选取该院2014年7月—2015年7月收治的内固定术股骨颈骨折患者110例,并随机分为实验组和对照组各55例。实验组实施优质护理服务,对照组实施常规护理,比较两组患者术后髋关节功能恢复情况、并发症发生情况及护理满意度。结果实验组术后关节功能评估、关节运动评估、行走能力及疼痛评估4个方面得分均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。实验组术后髋关节功能恢复优良率高于对照组(90.91% vs 78.18%)(χ2=8.418,P=0.038)。实验组术后并发症发生率为3.64%,显著低于对照组的20.00%(χ2=7.066,P=0.007)。实验组患者护理满意度明显高于对照组(96.36%vs 83.63%)(χ2=9.262,P=0.027)。结论对股骨颈骨折患者内固定术前后开展优质护理,可以促进患者恢复、减少并发症发生,提高患者对护理的满意程度。     

甲状腺抗体在常见甲状腺疾病中的诊断价值

目的 研究甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)和甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)在诊断甲状腺疾病中的应用价值。方法 对2016年1月至2018年1月就诊延安大学附属医院内分泌科并确诊为甲状腺疾病的女性患者TGAb和TPOAb测定值进行统计,并选取同期内的健康体检者为对照组,应用统计学方法对结果进行分析。结果 除单纯甲状腺肿外的其他患病组与正常对照组相比血清TGAb和TPOAb测定水平及阳性率有差异(P=0.00),而单纯甲状腺肿与正常对照组间无差异(P＞0.05);桥本甲状腺炎的TGAb明显高于其他组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.00);桥本甲状腺炎的TPOAb阳性率与Graves病无差异(P=0.54)而与其他患病组差异有统计学意义(P=0.00)。结论 应用TGAb和TPOAb可在一定程度上对甲状腺疾病进行诊断,其中对桥本甲状腺炎等自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的诊断作用较为明显而对单纯甲状腺肿的诊断作用不大。     

龙岩市2008年—2011年AFP病例监测分析

目的评价急性迟缓性麻痹（AFP）病例监测运转情况,为消灭脊髓灰质炎工作提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学分析方法对AFP病例进行监测分析。结果龙岩市2008年—2011年共报告37例AFP病例,均为非脊灰AFP病例。发病以5岁以下儿童为主,占72.97%;男女比例为4.3∶1,无地区差异。每年AFP病例报告发病率〉1/10万,各项监测指标均达到要求。结论目前龙岩市AFP病例监测系统各项监测指标维持在较高水平,仍需提高和保持脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）的免疫覆盖率,并保持AFP监测系统的敏感性、及时性、完整性。     

负荷量他汀对急性冠脉综合征择期经皮冠脉介入治疗术后细胞凋亡及心肌损伤和临床事件的影响

【目的】 探讨急性冠脉综合征患者择期经皮冠脉介入术前给予负荷量阿托伐他汀对细胞凋亡&#65380;心肌损伤及术后主要不良心血管事件的影响&#65377;【方法】 入选2008年11月至2009年7月在我院行择期冠脉介入术的急性冠脉综合征连续病例85例,随机分为试验组和对照组,分别为42例和43例&#65377;试验组在阿托伐他汀20 mg/d基础上,术前8 h再给予负荷量阿托伐他汀80 mg,对照组仅给予阿托伐他汀20 mg/d&#65377;分别在术前,术后6 h及术后24 h检测凋亡因子Fas,术前及术后24 h检测心肌损伤标记物肌钙蛋白T(cTnT),并随访术后3个月内的主要不良心血管事件&#65377;【结果】 试验组Fas水平在PCI术前,术后6 h及24 h依次降低,但差异无统计学意义&#65377;在对照组,术后24 hFas水平较术后6 h有升高趋势(P = 0.056)&#65377;试验组与对照组间比较,两组术前与术后6 h细胞凋亡因子Fas水平差异无统计学意义;术后24 h试验组细胞凋亡因子Fas水平较对照组明显降低,两组比较差异有统计学意义&#65377;试验组心肌损伤标记物cTnT在PCI术后24 h较术前降低,差异有统计学意义&#65377;对照组术后24 h较术前升高,但差异无统计学意义&#65377;试验组与对照组间比较,试验组cTnT在术后24 h明显低于对照组&#65377;随访3个月,试验组有6例患者发生主要不良心血管事件,对照组有14例患者发生不良心血管事件,差异有统计学意义&#65377;【结论】 本研究初步表明,急性冠脉综合征患者择期PCI术后细胞凋亡因子Fas水平有增高趋势,术前8 h给予负荷量阿托伐他汀能够降低术后细胞凋亡因子Fas水平,并能减轻心肌损伤,减少术后3个月内的主要不良心血管事件&#65377;     

TLR9在非小细胞肺癌患者外周血单个核细胞抗肿瘤免疫中的调控作用

目的 研究TLR9激动剂--含非甲基化胞嘧啶-鸟嘌呤二核苷酸序列的寡脱氧核苷酸(CpG ODN)对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)抗肿瘤免疫的影响.方法 分离36例NSCLC患者PBMC和肺癌细胞,RT-PCR检测TLR9 mRNA表达.PBMC分别经空白培养、不含非甲基化胞嘧啶-鸟嘌呤二核苷酸序列的寡脱氧核苷酸(non-CpG ODN)和CpG ODN共培养72 h.3H-TdR掺入法测定PBMC增殖变化.流式细胞仪检测T细胞表面CD69分子变化、T细胞亚群比例以及CD8+T胞内IFN-γ和IL-4的表达.ELISA法测定PBMC上清液IFN-α的浓度,并评价抑制性ODN和氯喹对IFN-α产生的影响.分别以自体肿瘤细胞和K562细胞为靶细胞(T),以PBMC为效应细胞(E)流式细胞仪检测不同E/T时PBMC的细胞毒活性.结果 NSCLC患者PBMC表达TLR9 mRNA,其表达强度(0.76±0.09)与健康者(0.77±0.09)差异无统计学意义(t=0.00,P=1.00).CpG ODN诱导肺癌患者PBMC增殖(P<0.01),上调CD3+T细胞表面CD69分子表达(P<0.01),增加CD4+T/CD8+T比值(P<0.01),增强CD8+T产生IFN-γ的能力(P<0.01).CpG ODN促进PBMC分泌IFN-α(P<0.01),抑制性ODN和氯喹抑制CpG ODN诱导产生的IFN-α.CpG ODN增强PBMC对K562和自体肿瘤细胞的细胞毒活性(均P<0.01).结论 TLR9参与调控NSCLC患者的抗肿瘤免疫,TLR9的激活效应主要包括促进PBMC活化、增殖并诱导产生IFN-α,增加PBMC中CD4+T的比例并促进CD8+T分泌IFN-γ,增强PBMC对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒活性.     

血竭胶囊联合小剂量阿司匹林预防肿瘤患者静脉置管后血栓形成的临床观察

目的：探讨血竭胶囊配合小剂量阿斯匹林对肿瘤患者静脉置管后血栓形成的预防作用。方法：回顾性分析2011年1月～2011年10月入住河南省肿瘤医院的800例深静脉置管的肿瘤患者,研究组432例和对照组368例,研究组自置管之日起,给血竭胶囊2粒,1日3次;阿司匹林100mg,睡前1次口服。同时加用奥美拉唑20mg,1日2次口服,对照组仅给予常规的阿司匹林和奥美拉唑。采用独立样本t检验方法比较两组出现深静脉血栓形成例数,检验水准a=0．05,P〈0．05表示有统计学差异。结果：深静脉血栓形成的发生率对照组显著高于研究组（7．6％VS0．7％,P=0．00）,差异有统计学意义。结论：血竭胶囊联合阿司匹林可以降低肿瘤置管化疗患者深静脉血栓发生率,且不良反应小,价格便宜,值得临床上推广应用。     

A study on central corneal thickness and optic disc size in patients with primary open angle glaucoma

The aim of the study was to evaluate a possible relationship between central corneal thickness (CCT) and optic disc area in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Patients with POAG and age matched control group underwent routine ocular examination along with optic nerve head evaluation by Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT) and CCT measurement by ultrasound pachymetry. Pearson's coefficient was calculated in both groups to find out correlation between these two parameters. In this series 90 eyes of 45 control subjects and 94 eyes of 47 POAG patients were studied. In the control group 40% were female, 60% male and among the POAG patients 34% female, 66% male. Mean CCT in control subjects was 566.98 micron (SD = 19.36, n = 90) and in POAG patients was 526.61 micron (SD = 29.93, n = 94). There was a significant difference in two groups (p = 0.0002). Disc area in control group had mean of 2.32mm(2) (SD = 0.305, n = 90) and in POAG group 2.982mm(2) (SD = 0.566, n = 94). Statistically significant difference was found among the two groups (p = 0.0). CCT was inversely correlated with optic disc size. In control subjects, r = -0.141, but it was not statistically significant (p = 0.092). In POAG group, r = -0.256 and the correlation was statistically significant (p = 0.0063). CCT was significantly less in POAG patients compared to control subjects. Mean disc area was significantly higher among the POAG group compared to control subjects. CCT was inversely correlated with disc area in both groups, but was statistically significant in POAG patients.     

模拟上颌前牵引对SD大鼠颅面部生长发育的影响

目的：建立模拟上颌前牵引的动物模型以进行其基础研究。方法：18只生长发育期SD大鼠随机分为实验加力组、手术对照组、自然生长组各6只,采用自行设计的上颌前牵引装置建立动物模型,X线头影测量分析,观察施力前及施力4周后上颌骨生长发育的变化。结果与结论：成功建立动物模型。大鼠上颌复合体在矢状方向生长加快,并呈现向前向上的逆时针旋转。模拟上颌前牵引能加速生长发育期大鼠上颌向前生长。     

尿糖联合尿微量白蛋白检验对糖尿病早期肾损伤的诊断价值分析

目的：探讨尿糖联合尿微量白蛋白检验对糖尿病早期肾损伤的诊断价值。方法选择60例糖尿患者者作为研究组,选择同期于进行体检的60例健康人群作为对照组。2组对象均进行尿糖与尿微量白蛋白检验。结果研究组尿糖（3.63±1.20）mmol/L、尿微量白蛋白（26.54±7.45）mg/L,均高于对照组（2.22±0.42）mmol/L、（16.32±5.52）mg/L（P<0.05）。研究组患者的尿糖阳性率为83.33%、尿微量白蛋白阳性率为46.67%,均高于对照组0.00%、0.00%（P<0.01）。结论尿糖联合尿微量白蛋白检验对糖尿病早期肾损伤的诊断准确率较高,适于临床应用。     

水通道蛋白4、7、8基因mRNA在新生鼠小肠结肠炎模型中的表达

目的：研究水通道蛋白4、7、8基因mRNA在新生鼠小肠结肠炎模型中的表达变化及其临床意义。方法：选取1日龄新生SD大鼠20只,分为实验组（n=10）和对照组（n=10）。实验组鼠放入低氧舱通入99.99%CO2造成窒息持续5min,再迅速通入99%O2复苏持续5min取出,对照组为空气。所有新生鼠均放回母鼠身边喂养至第4天断头处死,取出十二指肠下端至直肠上端的肠道组织,进行荧光定量PCR检测,获取的数据用2-△△Ct相对定量公式及针对该公式开发的REST-2005软件进行运算,计算出R值（目的基因在样品与对照品间表达差异的倍数）及P值。R〈1（P〈0.05）表示基因相对表达下调,反之则上调,差异有统计学意义。结果：与对照组比较,实验组水通道蛋白4、7、8基因表达的R值分别为（0.117±0.129）、（0.140±0.156）、（0.134±0.140）,R〈1（P〈0.05）,水通道蛋白4、7、8mRNA的表达有显著性差异。结论：水通道蛋白4、7、8mRNA在新生鼠坏死性小肠结肠炎的肠组织中表达下降,可能与水通道蛋白构象改变或分布异位有关。