肠结核误诊克罗恩病原因汇总分析

目的 汇总分析我国近五年临床肠结核误诊为克罗恩病的主要原因,结合国内外相关的临床诊断新进展,探讨预防肠结核误诊的临床对策.方法 利用万方医药期刊全文数据库、维普资讯中文科技期刊数据库、清华同方CNKI数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库,对2008年1月～2012年12月发表的有关肠结核误诊为克罗恩病的文献进行检索、复习及汇总统计分析.结果 收集回顾性文献7篇,包含病例数416例,肠结核误诊率为41.42％(95％ CI 44.84％～35.44％),最易误诊的前三位疾病依次为克罗恩病、溃疡性结肠炎和结肠癌,分别占肠结核误诊疾病构成比的24.24％、19.1％和11.6％.收集病案汇总性文献7篇,包含肠结核误诊为克罗恩病的病例数36例,其中2例仅依靠电子肠镜下的肉眼观察未等待病理检查结果既盲目诊断,1例治疗后未随诊复查及活检取材困难,8例与未详细询问病史和严格体格检查有关,25例在完善电子肠镜、病理组织学检查、抗酸染色、胸片和PPD等各项检查后仍出现诊断失误,后由于治疗效果欠佳,通过行手术治疗、术中病理组织学检查、多次复查肠镜及组织病理检查和抗酸染色、肺部CT及试验性抗痨治疗后才明确诊断.结论 现我国临床上肠结核易误诊为克罗恩病的主要原因是临床医生严格执行诊治规程的意识不足和对于不典型病案,临床常用诊断手段的鉴别能力有限.需进一步提高临床医生严格执行诊疗规程的意识.组合运用非侵入性标志物或可提高肠结核和克罗恩病鉴别诊断效率.     

肠结核误诊为克罗恩病2例分析

肠结核与克罗恩病在临床表现、内镜下所见及病理学改变等方面可极为相似,因此,两者的鉴别诊断十分困难,是临床上的一大难题^[1]。最近,我们收治了2例误诊为克罗恩病的肠结核患者。现报道如下：     

肠结核诊断及其外科手术方法探讨（附23例肠结核外科诊治分析）

目的 探讨目前肠结核的诊断和外科治疗方法。 方法 回顾分析2008年1月至2010年12月吉林大学第一医院外科治疗23例肠结核患者的临床治疗情况。 结果23例患者中,术前通过肠镜病理诊断肠结核4例;结合病史、影像学检查、实验室检查疑诊肠结核12例,其余7例因怀疑腹腔肿瘤或需急诊手术未能术前确诊。所有患者均经术后病理确诊为肠结核,术后接受抗结核药物治疗,停药后随访1年,除3例失访外,治愈13例,好转7例,其中3例出现粘连性不全肠梗阻症状（3/7）,2例排便习惯改变 (2/7),2例有间断腹部隐痛(2/7)。 结论 早期诊断、正规的抗结核药物治疗及正确地选择手术适应证、术式,可以提高肠结核的治疗效果,是成功治疗肠结核的关键。     

34例肠结核的临床分析

以往认为90％的肠结核仅内科抗结核药物治疗可治愈，近年发现40％肠结核的患者合并并发症(肠梗阻、肠穿孔、肠瘘、吸收不良综合征)而需外科手术治疗。本文对1998年1月—2002年12月我院收治的34例肠结核病例的临床诊断与治疗进行回顾性分析，探讨肠结核诊断以及外科治疗的时机与方法，以提高早期诊断率，减少并发症。     

19例胃肠结核的影像学分析

目的 探索胃肠结核的影像学特点。方法回顾分析经确诊为胃肠结核19例病例,从病灶部位、形态、边缘、周围组织的影像改变进行分析。结果19例患者中,胃窦部结核1例,空肠结核1例,末端回肠、回盲部结核15例,回盲部及升结肠同时受累1例,横结肠结核1例。本组病例影像诊断,除胃结核、回盲部结核各1例误诊外,其余均与病理诊断相符合,误诊率为10.5%,准确率89.5%。结论胃肠结核的影像表现有一定的特征性,但必须结合临床病史,进行病理、细菌学检查才可做出明确的诊断。     

肠结核误诊为克罗恩病16例临床分析

在诸多肠道炎症性病变中,肠结核和克罗恩病是两大重要的疾病。肠结核与克罗恩病的临床、影像学、内镜和病理学表现均十分相似。虽然肺结核的存在有利于肠结核的诊断,但肠结核误诊为克罗恩病的概率仍很高。有文献报道肠结核误诊率高达20～50%^[1-2]。为提高肠结核的诊断,我们回顾性分析了2002年1月至2005年12月收治的16例曾被误诊为克罗恩病的肠结核患者的临床资料,现报告如下。     

肠结核误诊为克罗恩病16例临床分析

在诸多肠道炎症性病变中,肠结核和克罗恩病是两大重要的疾病。肠结核与克罗恩病的临床、影像学、内镜和病理学表现均十分相似。虽然肺结核的存在有利于肠结核的诊断,但肠结核误诊为克罗恩病的概率仍很高。有文献报道肠结核误诊率高达20~50%[1-2]。为提高肠结核的诊断,我们回顾性分析了2002年1月至2005年12月收治的16例曾被误诊为克罗恩病的肠结核患者的临床资料,现报告如下。资料与方法一、一般资料误诊的16例肠结核患者中,男性9例,女性7例;年龄6~50岁,平均(23.6+12.5)岁,其中,6~18岁3例,19~35岁9例,36~50岁4例,19~35岁组占56.3%。病史2个月至4年。合并肺结核5例(31.2%),结核性腹膜炎3例(18.8%),腹腔淋巴结结核2例(12.5%),单纯肠结核6例(37.5%)。并发不完全性肠梗阻10例,完全性肠梗阻1例,肠出血2例(1例消化道大出血)。所有病例在外院行结肠镜检查及肠黏膜活检,均诊断为克罗恩病,并给予强的松、柳氮磺胺吡啶或美沙拉嗪(爱迪沙)治疗1~6个月。二、主要临床表现16例患者临床表现以腹痛、腹泻、发热、消瘦、盗汗为主,其次为腹胀、呕吐,便秘。生育期妇女闭经及...     

肠结核误诊为克罗恩病2例

肠结核患者2例因反复腹泻1年入院, 被误诊为克罗恩病. 经病理、胸片及痰涂片确诊为肠结核. 本文提示肠结核与克罗恩病鉴别诊断困难, 暂时不能确诊时, 应首先考虑按结核病处理这一相对安全的原则.     

34例肠结核的临床分析

以往认为90%的肠结核仅内科抗结核药物治疗可治愈,近年发现40%肠结核的患者合并并发症(肠梗阻、肠穿孔、肠瘘、吸收不良综合征)而需外科手术治疗^[1,2]。本文对1998年1月—2002年12月我院收治的34例肠结核病例的临床诊断与治疗进行回顾性分析,探讨肠结核诊断以及外科治疗的时机与方法,以提高早期诊断率,减少并发症。     

大肠结核20例误诊分析

目的：总结大肠结核临床表现的复杂性，误诊原因和诊断策略，方法：对20例术前被误诊的大肠结核的临床资料，诊断难点及诊治过程进行回顾性分析。结果：腹痛、腹块和大便习惯改变是最主要的临床表现，大肠结核易误诊为大肠肿瘤、克罗恩病和阑尾周围脓肿，17例剖腹手术者术中仍有10例（58．8％）被误诊为肿瘤和克罗恩病，即使术后在病理学报告前仍有多数不能确诊。3例其他方法诊断。全消化道造影，结肠镜及细针抽吸细胞学（FNAC）和腹腔镜等检查将能提高其诊断率，剖腹探查检是最后采用的诊断方法，但确诊主要依赖于病理学检查。 结论：大肠结核的临床表现和影像学检查均缺乏特异性，误诊率高，加强临床医师对该病的全面认识是提高诊断水平的重要环节。只要诊断明确，治疗上并不困难；若能术前确认，则可避免一些不必要的手术，对于大肠结核，不论病灶切除与否，6个月的抗痨治疗是有效的。     

A case of intestinal tuberculosis presenting massive hematochezia controlled by endoscopic coagulation therapy]

The clinical manifestations of intestinal tuberculosis are non-specific. But, abdominal pain, low grade fever, weight loss, anorexia, and diarrhea are major symptoms of intestinal tuberculosis. Massive bleeding has been reported as a rare manifestation of intestinal tuberculosis. Massive hematochezia from intestinal tuberculosis has rarely been reported in the medical literature. Also, most of them were treated with anti-tuberculosis medication only or with surgery. We treated a case of intestinal tuberculosis presenting massive hematochezia with colonoscopic coagulation therapy and anti-tuberculosis medication. Here, we report a Korean man who presented with massive hematochezia from ileal tuberculosis and treated by endoscopic coagulation therapy.     

克罗恩病与肠结核临床及病理特征的对比研究

目的 探讨克罗恩病(CD)与肠结核(ITB)临床与病理特征,为两者鉴别诊断提供依据.方法 对1996-2007年四川大学华西医院临床、病理资料完整的33例CD和34例ITB的临床及病理资料进行同顾性分析.结果 CD出现症状到确诊的时间明显长于ITB(P<0.05),CD多因肠梗阻或诊断不明而手术,CD的便血、肠梗阻、肠外表现明显多于ITB(P值均<0.05),而盗汗、合并肺结核、低白蛋白血症和ESR升高、血清结核抗体阳性则更常见于ITB(P值均<0.05),CD患者仅累及空、回肠的情况明显多于ITB(P<0.05);CD患者内镜下纵形溃疡及鹅卵石样外观明显多于ITB(P值均<0.05),而ITB组环形溃疡更多见(P<0.05);ITB组的肉芽肿检出率(70.6%)明显高于CD组(29.4%)(P<0.05),且肉芽肿的位置有助于两者的鉴别;CD的手术标本的固有层底部/黏膜下层淋巴细胞聚集现象明显多于内镜活检标本(P<0.05).结论 尽管CD与ITB临床表现极其相似,但各自仍有一定的特征性,诊断需结合临床及病理资料进行综合分析.肉芽肿出现的几率、位置及炎症细胞分布范围与深度可作为两者病理鉴别要点.     

结核杆菌T细胞斑点试验在克罗恩病与肠结核鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的 评价结核杆菌T细胞斑点试验(T-spot.TB)在克罗恩病(CD)与肠结核鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 采集2010年5月至2010年10月第四军医大学西京医院126例患者的外周静脉血标本,密度梯度离心法分离外周血单个核细胞,根据试剂盒说明书操作步骤进行T-spot.TB.结合临床表现、影像学、内镜、病理检查、其他实验室检查及对经验性抗结核治疗的反应作出CD及肠结核的临床诊断.分析T-spot.TB诊断CD和肠结核的敏感度与特异度.结果 确诊CD患者15例[11.9％(15/126)],肠结核患者14例[11.1％(14/126)],肠外结核患者40例[31.7％(40/126)].CD、肠结核、肠外结核、其他疾病患者T-spot.TB阳性率分别为1/15、12/14、70％(28/40)、0％(0/57),各组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.00).CD与肠结核者的T-spot.TB阳性率间差异有统计学意义(x2=70.58,P=0.00).T-spot.TB检测CD的敏感度和特异度分别为93.3％(14/15)和87.5％(14/16),检测肠结核时则分别为85.7％(12/14)和93.3％(14/15),CD的阴性预测值[87.5％(14/16)]高于肠结核的阴性预测值[12.5％(2/16)].结论 T-spot.TB检测有助于鉴别诊断CD与肠结核.     

19例肠结核临床资料回顾分析

目的 通过对19例肠结核的临床资料进行分析,探讨如何提高对该病的诊治水平.方法 回顾性分析2007年1月-2010年10月住院确诊的肠结核患者的资料,包括临床表现、实验室检查、结肠镜检查及病理组织学检查.结果 19例患者中男性9例,女性10例,年龄16-64岁,出现症状至前来就诊时间为6天-33个月.最常见的症状为腹痛...     

Tuberculosis of the duodenum.

At present, tuberculosis of the intestinal tract is rare in the United States. When gastrointestinal disease is seen, 85--90% of cases involve the ileocecal area. A case of tuberculosis of the duodenum unassociated with pulmonary disease is described. Although fiberoptic enndoscopy, abdominal ultrasonography and computerized axial tomography were used, the diagnosis required laprotomy with biopsy. The clinical manifestations, diagnostic investigations and treatment of the 49 previously reported cases of duodenal tuberculosis are also reviewed.     

Perianal ulcers of tubercular origin. A report of 3 new cases]

The rate of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis has increased in the last years (about 5% of all cases), and displaying a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Among them, the anal localization is a rare occurrence (0.7%) according to available published data. During the last two years, we have diagnosed and treated three patients with perianal tuberculous lesions manifested by ulcers. All three were males, associated with active pulmonary tuberculosis, and one with intestinal involvement which required surgical treatment. Based on this experience, we have reviewed the different etiopathogenic, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic manifestations of this picture, emphasizing the importance of suspicion, and its diagnostic easiness if the different infectious and inflammatory diseases at this level are taken into account.     

Abdominal tuberculosis in Taiwan: A report from Veterans' General Hospital,Taipei

Setting: From 1986 to 1992, 27 cases of abdominal tuberculosis were diagnosed in Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, including 21 cases of intestinal tuberculosis and 6 cases of peritoneal tuberculosis.Objective: To ascertain the clinical characteristics of abdominal tuberculosis in Chinese patients and the possibility of early clinical diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis.Design: Clinical features, diagnosis and treatment modality of these 27 cases were reviewed.Results: 22 of the patients (81.5%) had chest X-ray evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. Only 2 had normal chest X-ray findings. Sputum mycobacterium culture was positive in 14 of 27 patients (51.9%). 20 patients received exploratory laparotomy for the diagnosis and all of the preoperative diagnoses were wrong. The diagnosis was still incorrect or uncertain in 9 cases after laparotomy if no pathological examination was done. Ileocecal area was the most common site of intestinal tuberculosis in our series and 3 of 11 ulcerative types of intestinal tuberculosis died later.Conclusion: Due to protean manifestations, the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis was frequently misdiagnosed, and particularly as carcinomatosis. The diagnosis should be considered when patients with pulmonary tuberculosis suffer from abdominal discomfort. Exploratory laparotomy is needed in cases suspected of abdominal carcinomatosis without definite diagnosis.     

早期肠结核的病理变化

目的探讨早期肠结核的病理变化。方法对结肠镜诊断的３例早期肠结核进行分析。结果早期肠结核的病理特征是：回盲部粘膜充血、水肿或（和）糜烂；纤维素样渗出及霜样白苔，回盲瓣红肿变形；无溃疡和息肉样增生；光镜下见粘膜层内结核结节，无溃疡和肉芽、纤维组织增生。结论认识早期肠结核的病理变化，对促进早期肠结核的诊断和完善肠结核的病理分型具有重要意义     

无症状肠结核的结肠镜诊断

目的探讨无症状肠结核的结肠镜检诊断。方法回顾性分析本院1997年1月至2004年12月结肠镜检查诊断的无症状肠结核14例资料。结果结肠镜下表现:病变部位:11例位于回盲部或回肠末端,3例位于结肠;分型:炎症型3例,溃疡型4例,增殖型2例,混合型5例。病检:9例活检病理诊断肠结核,1次阳性5例,2次或以上阳性4例。结论结肠镜检重点观察肠结核好发部位及病变特征,结合活检是诊断无症状肠结核的重要手段。     

Isolated jejunal tuberculosis mimicking Crohn disease. Diagnosis by push video-enteroscopy

Intestinal tuberculosis is relatively unfrequent in Western countries, but immigrants and AIDS patients remain groups at particular risk for this disease. The diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis is often difficult to establish because of close similarities with other conditions, in particular Crohn's disease. We report a case of jejunal tuberculosis in a 33-year-old man with severe weight loss and unexplained fever. The diagnosis was obtained on histological examination of the distal jejunum biopsies performed during pushed video-enteroscopy. Interestingly, culture of the biopsies and specific PCR remained negative. Dramatic improvement was observed during the first days of antituberculous treatment. The main clinical and paraclinical manifestations of intestinal tuberculosis are also reviewed, as well as recent epidemiologic observations and new developments in diagnosis and treatment.