控制性卵巢刺激周期中取卵日血清孕酮值与获卵数及妊娠结局的关系

目的:探讨取卵日患者血清孕酮水平与体外受精胚胎移植(IVF-ET)临床参数之间的关系,为优化控制性卵巢刺激(COS)方案、提高IVF成功率提供理论基础。方法:回顾性分析218例黄体期长方案垂体降调患者的临床资料,根据ROC曲线临界值将患者按取卵日血清孕酮值分为:低孕酮组(95例),P<10.50ng/ml;中孕酮组(70例),P为10.50～17.50ng/ml;高孕酮组(53例),P>17.50ng/ml。分析三组间获卵数、受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率的差异。结果:三组间受精率、卵裂率的差异无显著性(P>0.05);三组患者的获卵数、优质胚胎率的差异显著(P<0.05);高、中、低孕酮组患者的临床妊娠率分别为34.0%,45.0%,26.9%,中孕酮组的临床妊娠率显著高于其它两组(P<0.05)。结论:取卵日血清孕酮值可能存在一个适度范围,孕酮值过低(P<10.50ng/ml)或过高(P>17.50ng/ml)均可影响IVF-ET胚胎质量和妊娠结局,推测临床妊娠率的降低可能与子宫内膜种植窗启闭时间改变有关。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者hCG注射日血清睾酮水平对IVF-ET结局的影响

目的:探讨多囊卵巢综合征患者hCG注射日血清睾酮(T)水平对IVF-ET结局的影响。方法:因顽固性排卵障碍而行IVF助孕的187例PCOS患者,于促排卵前均口服短效避孕药预治疗3￣6个月,T降至正常水平后,采用GnRHa长方案,观察比较妊娠组和非妊娠组hCG注射日血清T水平、获卵数、受精率、优质胚胎率。结果:非妊娠组T水平明显高于妊娠组,受精率及优质胚胎率均低于妊娠组,差异有统计学意义。结论:PCOS患者促排卵过程中T明显升高,可能对卵子质量及妊娠结局产生不良影响。     

血清雌二醇水平和获卵数对体外受精-胚胎移植治疗结局的影响

目的 探讨体外受精与胚胎移植（IVF－ET）程序中注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）日血清雌二醇（E2）水平及获卵数目对其治疗结局的影响。方法 回顾分析2000年2月至2001年1月947个IVF－ET周期的资料。结果 注射HCG日血清E2水平过高、获卵过多者，IVF－ET卵母细胞受精率下降，IVF－ET临床妊娠率从单因素分析，有增高趋势，经多因素Logistic回归分析，排除年龄等干扰因素后，血E2水平及获卵数对IVF－ET临床妊娠的影响无统计学意义。血E2水平过高及获卵过多者，伴随重度OHSS发生率的上升。结论 注射HCG日血E2水平过高及获卵数过多不能预测IVF－ET的临床妊娠。     

成熟卵泡获卵率对体外受精结局的影响

目的比较在体外受精-胚胎移植/卵细胞浆内单精子注射（IVF-ET/ICSI）过程中,控制性超促排卵（COH）后成熟卵泡获卵率对IVF-ET/ICSI的实验室和临床结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2010年5月至2010年12月四川大学华西第二医院行IVF-ET/ICSI治疗的693例患者,共746个周期,根据获卵率将患者分为A组：获卵率≥80%;B组：获卵率50%～79%;C组：获卵率30%～49%;D组：获卵率〈30%。比较4组患者的临床和实验室结局。结果 A、B组卵子成熟率、受精率、卵裂率和可移植胚胎形成率等各项临床和实验室结局比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。随着获卵数的减少,获卵数最低的D组的卵子成熟率、受精率、卵裂率和可移植胚胎形成率与A组和B组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;同时,D组的临床妊娠率、胚胎种植率和累积妊娠率明显低于其他各组（P〈0.05）。C组受精率、卵裂率、可移植胚胎形成率和临床妊娠率也显著低于A组（P〈0.05）,C组卵裂率、临床妊娠率低于B组（P〈0.05）,但C组的累积妊娠率与A组和B组相似（P〉0.05）。结论获卵率减少可导致卵子成熟率、受精率、卵裂率和可移植胚胎形成率下降,直接导致临床妊娠率下降。     

女性生殖器结核对体外受精-胚胎移植妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨女性生殖器结核(FGTB)对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)妊娠结局的影响。方法:选择2006年1月至2009年12月于河北医科大学第四医院生殖医学科行IVF-ET助孕的双侧输卵管梗阻患者,其中结核性输卵管梗阻(结核组)66例,非结核性输卵管梗阻(非结核组)240例,比较两组促性腺激素(Gn)用量、获卵数、受精率、优质胚胎率、种植率、临床妊娠率、流产率和分娩率的差异。结果:两组Gn用量、获卵数、受精率、优质胚胎率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结核组种植率、临床妊娠率、分娩率显著低于非结核组(P<0.05),流产率显著高于非结核组(P<0.05)。结论:结核性输卵管梗阻患者IVF-ET临床妊娠率降低,流产率增高,应重视女性生殖器结核对IVF-ET妊娠结局的影响。     

子宫内膜异位症对体外受精-胚胎移植影响的临床研究

目的:评估子宫内膜异位症对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)结局的影响。方法:回顾分析内异症患者70例行IVF-ET的结局,以输卵管因素IVF患者70例作为对照,统计两组患者促排卵反应、体外受精结果及妊娠结局。结果:与输卵管组相比,内异症组不孕年限及促排卵用药时间明显延长、Gn平均用量明显增多、hCG日内膜明显增厚(P<0.05),且形态不佳;内异症组平均获卵数、受精率、移植周期临床妊娠率、单胚着床率显著低于输卵管组(P<0.05);但是两组的卵裂率以及优质胚胎率无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:内异症患者明显较差的卵巢反应性和子宫内膜状态影响IVF-ET结局。     

GnRH-a长方案和GnRH-ant方案在高龄患者IVF-ET中应用效果的比较

目的比较高龄患者应用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（GnRH-a）长方案和促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂（GnRH-ant）方案行体外受精-胚胎移植（in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer,IVF-ET）的疗效,探讨适合高龄患者控制性卵巢刺激的方案。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2010年6月156例高生育年龄（35～40岁）不孕症女性在南方医科大学南方医院生殖医学中心行IVF-ET的临床资料,评估GnRH-a长方案和GnRH-ant方案的助孕效果。结果 GnRH-a长方案组和GnRH-ant方案组患者的促性腺激素（Gn）应用总量及hCG日孕激素（P）水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;但两组在Gn应用时间、hCG日雌二醇（E2）水平、hCG日子宫内膜厚度、获卵数、成熟卵子数、受精数和2PN数比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;同时,两组的hCG日黄体生成素（LH）水平比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;GnRH-a长方案组的临床妊娠率和着床率显著高于GnRH-ant方案组（P〈0.001）。结论高生育年龄患者IVF-ET中应用GnRH-a长方案的助孕结局优于GnRH-ant方案。     

短方案体外受精-胚胎移植周期中获卵数对体外受精-胚胎移植结局的影响

目的 分析和探讨体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF—ET）周期最合适的获卵数目。方法 对上海集爱遗传与不育诊疗中心2005实施的短方案有获卵的共963个IVF-ET新鲜周期进行回顾性总结和分析，根据不同获卵数分为4组（A组：1—5，B组：6～15，C组：16～25及D组：〉25个卵子），就各组的周期数、年龄、平均促性腺激素（Gn）用量及天数、HCG注射日的E2值、全冻胚胎数、放弃周期数、种植率和临床妊娠率进行分析。结果 （1）获卵数随年龄增加呈下降趋势。（2）周期完成率在6～15个卵子组最高；A组因缺乏有效胚胎移植，周期放弃率较高；其余3组随获卵数增加，为预防OHSS行胚胎全冻而放弃移植的周期比例也随之明显上升（P〈0．01）。（3）Gn用药天数各组差异无显著性，P〉0．05。（4）Gn用量随获卵数增加呈下降趋势，呈负相关，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；（5）注射HCG日的血清E2值随获卵数增加而明显上升，与获卵数呈正相关，各组之间差异有显著性（P〈0．01）；（6）种植率（IR）及妊娠率（PR）在B组及D组较A组及C组高，但差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论 适量促性腺激素超促排后的获卵数，在移植有效胚胎数相同的条件下，获卵数多少与其妊娠率差异并无显著意义，但就总体IVF-ET结局而言，短方案IVF—ET周期中获卵数在6～25个之间有较理想的妊娠结局。     

子宫内膜异位症对体外受精-胚胎移植妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨子宫内膜异位症对体外受精.胚胎移植(IVF-ET)妊娠结局的影响.方法对2003年4月至2005年12月69例子宫内膜异位症合并不孕症及同期73例输卵管性不孕症行IVF-ET的患者进行回顾性分析,子宫内膜异位症按照临床病理类型分为A、B两组,A组为卵巢型,B组为腹膜型,随机选同期输卵管性不孕患者为C组,比较A、B、C 3组间的促性腺激素(Gn)的用量、卵子数、受精率、临床妊娠率、种植率和分娩率.结果子宫内膜异位症A、B两组使用Gn总量显著高于C组(P＜0.05),获卵数显著低于C组(P＜0.05),而受精率、临床妊娠率、种植率、分娩率在3组间差异无显著性.结论子宫内膜异位症降低卵巢对超促排卵的反应性使获卵数减少,但不影响IVF-ET的妊娠结局.     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术对IVF周期中卵巢反应性和妊娠结局的影响

目的：探讨卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术后对体外受精（IVF）周期控制性超排卵中卵巢反应性和妊娠结局的影响。方法：选取体外受精．胚胎移植（IVF-ET）助孕且曾在腹腔镜下行卵巢子宫内膜双侧异位囊肿剥除术20例（25周期）患者及32例单侧异位囊肿剥除术（40周期）患者为研究对象,以同期因输卵管因素行IVF助孕的104例（129周期）患者作为对照组,收集卵巢反应性及妊娠结局相关指标,作回顾性病例对照研究。结果：3组在年龄、体质量指数、不孕年限、基础卵泡刺激素（FSH）水平、促性腺激素（Gn）天数、受精率和人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）日雌二醇（E2）水平无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。3组妊娠率差异也无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,且单侧囊肿剥除组妊娠率最高（50．0％）。双侧囊肿剥除组获卵数、优质胚胎率及可冷冻的胚胎个数分别为[（4．95±3．46）个、（56．0±32．0）％、（1．40±1．96）个],明显低于单侧囊肿剥除组[（9．38±4．62）个、（70．1±20．2）％、（3．45±3．05）个]和输卵管组[（10．37±4．14）个、（85．1±19．9）％、（4．36±3．19）个],差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;其Gn总用量也明显高于输卵管组和单侧囊肿剥除组（P〈0．05）。单侧异位囊肿剥除术的手术侧卵巢的获卵数[（3．34±2．92）个]低于未手术侧卵巢[（6．06v2．27）个]（t=5．784,P〈0．01）。结论：卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术可影响IVF周期中卵巢反应性,如导致Gn用量增加,获卵数、优质胚胎数和可冷冻胚胎个数减少,对IVF-ET有一定不良影响,而对IVF妊娠结局无明显影响。     

Obstetric outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and isolated polycystic ovaries undergoing in vitro fertilization: a retrospective cohort analysis

Objective: This retrospective cohort study evaluated the obstetric outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and isolated polycystic ovaries (PCO) undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment.

Methods: We studied 104 women with PCOS, 184 with PCO and 576 age-matched controls undergoing the first IVF treatment cycle between 2002 and 2009. Obstetric outcomes and complications including gestational diabetes (GDM), gestational hypertension (GHT), gestational proteinuric hypertension (PET), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), gestation at delivery, baby’s Apgar scores and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were reviewed.

Results: Among the 864 patients undergoing IVF treatment, there were 253 live births in total (25 live births in the PCOS group, 54 in the PCO group and 174 in the control group). The prevalence of obstetric complications (GDM, GHT, PET and IUGR) and the obstetric outcomes (gestation at delivery, birth weight, Apgar scores and NICU admissions) were comparable among the three groups. Adjustments for age and multiple pregnancies were made using multiple logistic regression and we found no statistically significant difference among the three groups.

Conclusion: Patients with PCO?±?PCOS do not have more adverse obstetric outcomes when compared with non-PCO patients undergoing IVF treatment.     

Hormonal parameters in follicular fluid and the fertilization rate of in vitro cultured oocytes

Oocytes and matched samples of follicular fluid were obtained from 52 preovulatory follicles aspirated laparoscopically for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Follicular fluid concentrations of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), testosterone (T), prolactin (HPRL), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), prostaglandin E (PGE), protein content, and collagenolytic activity were measured and related to the fertilization rate of oocytes cultured in vitro. High concentrations of P and low levels of T and HPRL were associated with mature, fertilizable oocytes. Levels of PGF2 alpha, PGE, and follicular fluid protein concentrations were similar in both groups. Mean collagenolytic activity was increased in the fertilized oocytes, although no significant difference could be observed. Our data demonstrate a close association between follicular fluid steroid and HPRL concentrations and successful fertilization of oocytes.     

Serum and follicular fluid cytokines in polycystic ovary syndrome during stimulated cycles

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the serum and intrafollicular tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 concentrations in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). METHODS: Thirty-one patients with PCOS undergoing IVF were studied. Thirty-nine normally ovulating women matched for age and body mass index and undergoing IVF for male infertility were the control group. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and estradiol levels were assayed before recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone stimulation under gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue suppression and 34-36 hours after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration at the time of the oocyte retrieval. Cytokine and estradiol concentrations were also evaluated in the follicular fluids obtained at the time of oocyte retrieval. RESULTS: The patients with PCOS had higher serum and follicular fluid tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 concentrations (P <.001) and lower follicular fluid estradiol levels (P <.05) than control women. In both groups, the serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and estradiol values increased significantly after hCG stimulation. In both groups, the follicular fluid cytokine concentrations were higher than those found in the serum. In the PCOS women the follicular fluid tumor necrosis factor-alpha values were significantly and inversely correlated to the follicular fluid estradiol values (rho = -0.79; P <.001); this correlation was not found in the control subjects. CONCLUSION: In infertile women with PCOS, 1). serum and follicular fluid interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha values were higher than those found in control women, 2). the cytokine concentrations were higher in the follicular fluid than in the serum, and 3). the intrafollicular tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations were significantly and inversely correlated to the estradiol levels. These results suggest an involvement of the immune system in PCOS.     

Prolactin and thyrotropin after stimulation by thyrotropin releasing hormone a study under long-term administration of oral contraceptives (author's transl)]

The longtime application of oral contraceptives is assumed to elevate serum prolactin levels under non-stimulated conditions. We therefore examined whether oral contraceptives also will augment prolactin secretion after stimulation, e.g. by thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). After TRH stimulation the time sequence of secretion both of prolactin (HPRL) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was determined. Three groups of women were tested in a non-randomized study: group 1 without any hormonal medication (= controls), group 2 taking an oral contraceptives containing cyproterone acetate, group 3 using an oral contraceptive containing d-norgestrel. HPRL secretion was similar in all three groups, the same held true for TSH. A possible correlation between the secretion of HPRL and TSH was examined in the control group. No such correlation was found. The secretion patterns of both hormones also were different. In addition, the basic levels of both HPRL and TSH did not seem to influence the response after stimulation.     

Psychopathology, personality, and marital relationship in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization procedures

Objective: To compare the psychopathology, personality features, and marital relationships of women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) with those of control patients, and to compare IVF inductees with program veterans.

Design: Cross-sectional clinical study.

Setting: A university hospital.

Patient(s): One hundred and one women undergoing IVF treatment.

Intervention(s): Psychometric tests were administered at first visit (baseline) of index treatment cycle.

Main Outcome Measure(s): Achievement of pregnancy.

Result(s): Women undergoing IVF show higher levels of anxiety and emotional tension than do controls. Although the infertile women showed no abnormal personality dimensions, the IVF group did have a particular psychological profile and a different marital relationship pattern when compared with the control participants. Between IVF veterans and inductees, there are significant differences with respect to psychopathology, psychological dimensions, and couple dynamics. The achievement of pregnancy is not associated with any special psychopathological, personality, or marital characteristics among the IVF women.

Conclusion(s): The most crucial period in IVF procedures may immediately follow the end of the first cycle because of the high risk of patients dropping out of the program. To determine the most effective supporting therapies for women undergoing fertilization procedures it could be useful to consider the psychological and relational differences between veterans and inductees.     

Laser vaporization of ovarian endometriomas: the impact on the response to gonadotrophin stimulation

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ovarian response to stimulation for IVF in endometriosis patients who have previously undergone laparoscopic treatment of peritoneal and/or ovarian endometriosis (CO2 laser vaporization). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 455 patients undergoing IVF. The study group, made up of 127 endometriosis patients, was divided into 2 subgroups: Ia: 42 women with peritoneal endometriosis, treated by laparoscopy, who underwent 71 IVF cycles; Ib: 85 women with ovarian endometriomas, treated by vaporization of the internal wall, who underwent 187 IVF cycles. The control group, consisting of 328 women, was also divided into 2 subgroups: IIa: 193 women suffering from tubal infertility who underwent 422 IVF cycles; IIb: 135 women with idiopathic infertility who underwent 275 IVF cycles. RESULTS: The ovarian stimulation parameters (number of gonadotrophin ampoules, number of follicles and mature oocytes, maximum estradiol concentrations) were not significantly different in the various subgroups. The number of embryos obtained and transferred per cycle, the fertilization rates (group Ia: 61.81%; Ib: 60.90%; IIa: 62.48%; IIb: 57.99%), the implantation rates (group Ia: 17.72%; Ib: 15%; IIa: 13.94%; IIb: 18.05%) and the clinical pregnancy rates (group Ia: 32.39%; Ib: 37.40%; IIa: 27.49%; IIb: 30.18%) were not statistically different in the studied subgroups. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The theoretical risk of loss of ovarian cortex when treating endometriotic cysts can be eliminated by the technique of vaporization of the internal wall of the endometrioma.IVF outcomes are similar in patients treated for endometriosis and those presenting with unexplained or tubal infertility.     

PCOS患者未成熟卵体外成熟培养后妊娠结局分析

目的:探讨PCOS患者未成熟卵母细胞体外成熟(in vitro maturation,IVM)治疗的有效性和安全性。方法:分析比较PCOS合并不孕症自愿要求行IVM或IVF治疗的患者临床结局。结果:IVF组的平均优质胚胎数明显高于IVM组(P<0.05),两者的临床妊娠率(39.22%vs 40.32%)和着床率(24.37%vs 23.89%)无差异(P>0.05)。IVM组的妊娠丢失率为38.0%,高于IVF患者(21.1%,P<0.05),出生婴儿(单胎)的平均体质量组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:对于PCOS患者进行IVM治疗可以获得与IVF周期相类似的临床妊娠率和着床率;但是IVM治疗后流产率明显增加。     

Extended estrogen administration for women with thin endometrium in frozen-thawed in-vitro fertilization programs

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of extended estrogen administration for women with thin endometrium in frozen-thawed in-vitro fertilization (IVF) programs. Methods: Thirty-six women undergoing IVF program had thin endometrium (<8 mm). Among them, 23 received fresh embryo transfer (control group), but 13 canceled embryo transfer and underwent frozen-thawed embryo transfer in the subsequent cycle after extended administration of exogenous estrogen (study group). Results: In the study group, the mean endometrial thickness increased significantly from 6.7 mm in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycles to 8.6 mm after an extended estrogen therapy for 14 to 82 days (P=0.031). Their pregnancy rate was significantly higher than that in the control group (38.5% vs. 4.3%, P=0.016). Among 5 women achieving pregnancies in the study group, one was complicated with placenta accreta, and the other 4 had uneventful pregnancies. Conclusions: Extended estrogen administration followed by frozen-thawed IVF programs is beneficial for women with thin endometrium. However, the risk of abnormal placentation and peripartal complication should be kept in mind.     

Support of the luteal phase in in vitro fertilization programs: Results of a controlled trial with intramuscular proluton

There is disagreement among in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs as to the need to administer exogenous progesterone to support the luteal phase of patients undergoing embryo transfer after IVF. We examined the effect on pregnancy rates of Prolution, 50-mg daily injections given on days 7–16 following oocyte recovery, in 186 women undergoing IVF treatment using a combined stimulation regime of clomiphene and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG). One group was deliberately selected for treatment on the possible criterion of lutealphase deficiency and two other groups were randomly selected into a treatment and a control group. No effect on pregnancy rate was noted in any of these groups. These results indicate that extension of the luteal phase with exogenous progesterone is unlikely to have a significant effect on increasing the pregnancy rate in IVF programs using similar treatment regimes.     

A prospective randomized trial of conventional in vitro fertilization versus intracytoplasmic sperm injection in unexplained infertility

PURPOSE: To compare outcomes in patients with unexplained infertility undergoing conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) versus intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). METHODS: Sixty women with unexplained infertility in a Canadian tertiary-level clinic were randomized to IVF or ICSI. Subjects underwent downregulation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist prior to initiation of recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone. The primary outcome measure was fertilization rate. Secondary outcomes included implantation rate, embryo quality, clinical pregnancy rate, and live birth rate. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in fertilization rate (77.2% IVF vs. 82.4% ICSI), implantation rate (38.2% IVF vs. 44.4% ICSI), clinical pregnancy rate (50% in each group), or live birth rate (46.7% IVF vs. 50% ICSI). There were two cases of failed fertilization in the IVF group. There was no significant difference in embryo quality between groups. CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences in clinical outcomes associated with IVF versus ICSI in the treatment of unexplained infertility.