实验脾虚证胃肠粘膜细胞的增殖动力学研究

目的探索脾虚时胃肠粘膜细胞的增殖能力。方法应用抗-BrdU 的单克隆抗体和免疫组织化学技术分析胃肠道粘膜细胞的增殖情况。结果 BrdU 的免疫标记显示,脾虚时胃肠粘膜细胞的增殖能力下降(P<0.01),经四君子汤预防和治疗的脾虚大鼠胃肠粘膜细胞的增殖能力明显增强,与脾虚自然恢复大鼠有显著差异(P<0.05或 P<0.01)。结论脾虚时胃肠粘膜细胞的增殖能力低下,四君子汤能显著改革其增殖状态。     

胃肠道功能紊乱大鼠胃肠粘膜超微结构的观察

目的:探讨利血平法胃肠道功能紊乱大鼠胃肠粘膜超微结构的变化。方法:透射电镜观察胃肠道功能紊乱大鼠胃粘膜超微结构的变化,并用四君子汤反证。结果:胃肠道功能紊乱大鼠胃肠粘膜出现糜烂破溃的状态,经四君子汤预防及治疗后得到明显改善,明显优于自然恢复大鼠。结论:胃肠粘膜超微结构变化是揭示胃肠道功能紊乱本质的病理学依据之一。     

实验性胃肠道功能紊乱症G、D细胞变化意义

目的:探讨G细胞(分泌Gas)、D细胞(分泌SST)与胃肠道功能紊乱发生的关系。方法:用抗-Gas、抗-SST的多克隆抗体和免疫组织化学技术标记胃窦、十二指肠粘膜G、D细胞,运用医学图象分析系统(MIPS)对G、D细胞进行定量分析,并用四君子汤反证。结果:胃肠道功能紊乱模型大鼠与正常对照相比,胃窦、十二指肠粘膜G、D细胞数均减少(40.33±5.53,29.43±7.11,5.70±1.32,3.13±1.14,P<0.05),D细胞面积缩小(45.41±5.27,41.80±5.14,P<0.05),G细胞灰度值增高(128.24±3.03,130.24±2.01,P<0.05),G/D细胞数和细胞面积比值均增高(7.20±0.54,9.82±2.71,2.05±0.37,1.87±0.30,P<0.05)。经四君子汤预防和治疗的胃肠道功能紊乱模型大鼠,G、D细胞数有所增加,D细胞面积明显增大,G细胞灰度值、G/D细胞数和细胞面积比值均接近或略低于正常。自然恢复大鼠也有一定程度的改善,但与经四君子汤预防和治疗的大鼠相比有显著差异。结论:本研究结果从形态学上揭示D细胞分泌SST亢进、G细胞释放Gas不足、G/D细胞比例失调,是导致胃肠道功能紊乱症发生的一个重要病理机制。     

实验性胃肠道功能紊乱症胃泌素及生长抑素变化意义

目的:探讨胃泌素(Gas)、生长抑素(SST)与胃肠道功能紊乱发生的关系。方法:用RTA方法检测胃肠道功能紊乱模型大鼠体液及组织中Gas、SST含量的变化,并用四君子汤反证。结果:与正常对照相比,胃肠道功能紊乱时血浆、胃液、肠液、胃窦、十二指肠、下丘脑组织中Gas含量低下(分别为109.46±40.88ng/L,30.78±6.81ng/L,96.58±14.36ng/L,232.61±53.88ng/g,22.47±3.02ng/g,68.09±13.40ng/g,P均<0.05),SST含量增高(分别为32.56±7.91ng/L,29.21±4.58ng/L,25.74±4.16ng/L,367.15±42.30ng/g,47.31±10.97ng/g,66.76±6.55ng/g,P均<0.05)。经四君子汤预防和治疗的胃肠道功能紊乱模型大鼠,Gas和SST水平均得到明显的改善,明显优于自然恢复大鼠(P<0.05)。结论体液及组织中Gas、SST水平紊乱是导致胃肠道功能紊乱发生的主要因素之一。     

ICC与胃肠道炎症免疫

胃肠道Cajal间质细胞(ICC)与各种原因所致的胃肠道炎症,胃肠动力紊乱密切相关.ICC在胃肠道发生炎症时,他的结构,数量,功能均有不同程度的改变.同时胃肠道炎性病变的免疫机制也越来越受到人们的重视.本文就胃肠道炎症的免疫过程中ICC发生的变化作一综述.     

脂质刺激的Kupffer细胞对肝星状细胞增殖的影响

目的:探讨甘油三酯(TG)和极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)及其刺激的Kupffer细胞(KC)对大鼠肝星状细胞(HSC)增殖的影响。方法:用链霉蛋白酶和胶原酶原位灌流,Nvcodenz密度梯度离心分离大鼠HSC和KC 应用免疫组织化学、吞噬功能试验、电镜等方法进行鉴定:制备TG和VLDL刺激的KC培养的上清液(KCCM).并以MTT比色去观察TG和VLDL及KCCM耐肝星状细胞增殖效应。结果:本法能成功地获得高纯度的HSC和KC:TG和VLDL浓度分别为12.5μg/ml和25～100μg/ml时.其对HSC增殖有促进作用(P<0.05或P<0.01):与正常和KCCM组相比,KCCM VLDL组和KCCM TG组对HSC增殖有促进作用(P<0.01).KCCM-VLDL组和KCCM TG组之间无差异(P>0.05):KCCM组高于正常组,但无统计学差异(P>0.05) 结论:本实验所用的HSC和KC分离培养方法简单、易行、可靠,细胞纯度高:体外细胞培养表明.TG和VLDL及其刺激的KCCM可促进HSC增殖.其与脂肪肝肝纤维化的发生可能有关。     

胃肠道细胞动力学的研究进展

胃肠道细胞动力学是研究胃肠道上皮细胞群体在其生存期间,在数量、形态和功储上变化规律的一门科学。正常消化道粘膜上皮不断脱落并由具有增殖能力的干细胞进行补充,这种更新的动态平衡维持了粘膜的正常结构和功能,动态平衡的破坏则将导致粘膜发生各种疾病。国外已将胃肠道细胞动力学作为胃肠道疾病的基础研究课题之一。全面的胃肠道细胞动力学研究包括测定粘膜上皮细胞总数、上皮细胞脱落数和上皮细胞增殖速率3个方面。研究概况早在19世纪初,人们就开始注意到胃肠道细胞的更新。当时的科学水平只能观察到肠腺窝和胃小窝是有高度有丝分裂活动的部位。相     

内分泌代谢疾病中的胃部病变

正常内分泌腺对机体细胞(包括胃肠道粘膜)代谢有重要作用。内分泌腺功能亢进或减低均可引起胃肠道功能紊乱。某些自身免疫性内分泌疾病时血清中壁细胞抗体(PCA)及内因子抗体(IFA)的发生率高,内分泌功能失调纠正后,胃部症状常可缓解,有时尚可有功能及组织学上的改善。 一、甲状腺疾病: 慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎、部分甲状腺机能亢进(甲亢)及甲状腺机能减退(甲减)患者的发病机理中有自身免疫因素参与,PCA及IFA的发生率也较高。临床资料表明,在410例甲亢患者的15年随访中有7例     

脾虚老龄大鼠肠黏膜sIgA、CD3、CD8水平变化及四君子汤对其的影响

目的研究脾虚老龄大鼠肠道黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白IgA(sIgA)、CD3细胞及CD8细胞变化,探讨四君子汤对他们的影响。方法老龄大鼠随机分为正常对照组、长期造模组、造模恢复组和四君子汤组,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)测定肠黏膜sIgA变化,流式细胞术检测肠黏膜CD3、CD8细胞百分率的变化。结果与正常对照组相比,脾虚各组大鼠肠黏膜sIgA分泌及CD3、CD8细胞百分率减少。治疗后,四君子汤组大鼠肠黏膜sIgA分泌及CD3、CD8细胞百分率增多,效果优于造模恢复组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论肠黏膜局部免疫功能紊乱可能是脾虚的重要病理生理学改变之一,四君子汤治疗脾虚证的一条重要途径可能是通过调节肠黏膜局部免疫功能来实现的。     

老年SD大鼠脾脏和外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化

目的探讨SD老年大鼠脾脏和外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化。方法流式细胞仪检测老年大鼠(10只)和青年鼠(5只)脾脏和血液T淋巴细胞亚群的变化。结果 SD老年大鼠脾脏和外周血T淋巴细胞亚群阳性率的变化相一致,CD3+、CD4+、CD8+细胞阳性率均低于青年组水平,且CD4细胞阳性率均明显低于青年组(P<0.05);CD4+/CD8+比值均低于青年组,在脾脏CD4+/CD8+比值与青年组相比具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论 SD老年大鼠脾脏和外周血T胞亚群阳性率均减少,且CD4+/CD8+比值明显降低,提示SD老年大鼠免疫功能的衰退和紊乱与T细胞密切相关。     

A New Instrument for Measurement of Gastrointestinal Mucosal Color

Abstract: We designed and produced a new instrument that measures the color of the gastrointestinal mucosa during conventional endoscopic examination. The instrument consists fundamentally of an optical fiber sensor and a light source. One end of the optical fiber sensor is connected to the light source and a commercially available spectrophotometric colorimeter, while the other end is passed through the biopsy channel of a commercially available endoscope and placed in contact with the gastrointestinal mucosa. The color of the mucosa is then measured. To evaluate the accuracy of color measurement, the instrument was used to measure the color of 108 color chips belonging to the color range of the gastrointestinal mucosa or surrounding regions, selected from the Munsell Book of Color. The instrument correctly determined the relative hue, chroma and value of all 108 color chips tested. It also had the advantages of consistently measuring the color chips under standardized conditions and of promptly displaying the color readings during endoscopic examination. This instrument was also used to measure the color of the mucosa at different sites of the upper gastrointestinal tract in 20 patients. There were no noteworthy problems in using the instrument clinically. Mucosal color (hue, value and chroma) of the upper gastrointestinal tract was demonstrated to have specific characteristics according to the region measured. The instrument provided highly accurate, objective information that facilitated the distinction of slight differences in mucosal color, an important factor in the endoscopic diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases.     

Effects of Several Endothelin Receptor Antagonists on Gastrointestinal Transit of Guinea Pigs

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of endothelin_A receptor antagonist (ET_A-RA) BQ485; ET_B-RA BQ788, and nonselective ET_A/B-RA Bosentan on the gastrointestinal transit of guinea pigs. We further analyzed the distribution of ET-R subtypes on smooth muscle cells (SMC) of the gastrointestinal tract to investigate their direct involvement on SMC in gastrointestinal tract transit. A guinea pig model was used to measure intestinal transit. The effects of Bosentan (100 mg/kg, per os), BQ485 (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and BQ788 (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) on transit in stomach, small intestine, and colon were evaluated. We separated SMC from stomach, small intestine, cecum, and colon by collagenase and analyzed the distribution of ET-R subtypes in each part by binding assay. Gastric transit and colon transit were significantly inhibited by BQ485, BQ788, and Bosentan. Small intestinal transit was not affected by any of these agents. ET_A-R and ET_B-R were widely distributed on SMC of stomach, small intestine, cecum, and colon. The ratio of ET_A-R to ET_B-R was 1:3 in stomach, small intestine, and cecum, but was 1:10 in colon. The ratio of the total number of ET-R on SMC of stomach, small intestine, cecum, and colon was 1:3:9:1. These results indicate that both ET_A-R and ET_B-R are strongly involved in the transit in the stomach and colon. However, the discrepancy between the effects of the various ET-R antagonists on gastrointestinal transit and the distribution of ET-R on SMC of the gastrointestinal tract suggests that ET-R on SMC of the gastrointestinal tract is not directly involved in gastrointestinal transit.     

Serotonin and Gastrin Cells in Rat Gastrointestinal Tract After Thyroparathyroidectomy andInduced Hyperthyroidism

Thyroidectomy appears to reduce the serotonin content in the rat brain, whereas hyperthyroidism has the opposite effect. As it is not known whether the serotonin-producing cells of the gastrointestinal tract are influenced by these conditions, the effects of thyroparathyroidectomy and induced hyperthyroidism were studied experimentally, particularly as regards the serotonin- and gastrin-immunoreactive cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Immunocytochemical and quantification techniques were used to localize and determine the numbers of serotonin and gastrin cells. In thyroparathyroidectomized rats the intestine was significantly shorter and the mucosa thinner than in sham-operated and untreated controls, whereas the converse was found in the hyperthyroid rats. Following thyroparathyroidectomy, there were fewer gastrin-immunoreactive cells in antrum and the serotonin-immunoreactive cells were significantly less dense throughout the gastrointestinal tract. In hyperthyroid rats, gastrin-immunoreactive cells were more numerous, as were the serotonin-immunoreactive cells in the small intestine, whereas these cells were fewer in antrum and caecum. In conclusion, the thyroid gland exerts a significant influence on the gastrointestinal tract and on the serotonin- and gastrin-immunoreactive cells. The observed alterations may reflect a direct effect of the thyroid hormones, although indirect factors must also be considered.     

Effects of Estrogen on the Gastrointestinal Tract

Estrogen is a kind of steroid compound that has extensive biologic activities. The effect of estrogen is pleiotropic, affecting multiple systems in the body. There is accumulating evidence that estrogen has important effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Longer exposure to estrogen may decrease the risk of gastric cancer. Use of the anti-estrogen drug tamoxifen might increase the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma. Estrogen receptor β may serve as a target for colorectal cancer prevention. In addition, estrogen has been reported to be closely related to the mucosal barrier, gastrointestinal function and intestinal inflammation. However, the role of estrogen in the gastrointestinal tract has not been systematically summarized. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the role of estrogen in the gastrointestinal tract and evaluate it from various aspects, including estrogen receptors, the mucosal barrier, intestinal inflammation and gastrointestinal tract tumors, which may provide the basis for the development of therapeutic strategies to manage gastrointestinal diseases.     

Gastrointestinal metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma: radiological and endoscopic studies of 11 cases

BACKGROUND: From October 1990 to January 1999, 11 of 2237 hepatoma patients at our hospital had gastrointestinal tract metastasis. We describe the radiological and endoscopic features, clinical course and prognoses of those patients. METHODS: All patients were male. Six patients were hepatitis B carriers, and cirrhosis was noted in eight patients on admission. We reviewed all available radiological, endoscopic and pathological features. RESULTS: The commonest clinical presentation was frank gastrointestinal bleeding. Histological proof of gastrointestinal involvement was seen in six patients. Endoscopic features included ulcerative tumours mimicking advanced gastric carcinoma (43%) and submucosal tumours (29%). The sites of organ involvement were stomach (five), duodenum (two), colon (three) and duodenum and colon (one). Direct invasion by a contiguous neoplasm was the major route of gastrointestinal tract metastasis. Portal vein thrombosis may be the key point of haematogenous spread to other sites. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis in these patients was extremely poor. Almost all patients died within 5 months if no further aggressive management was performed. Surgical intervention may be the optimal choice for palliative treatment of HCC with gastrointestinal tract involvement.     

Gastrointestinal mucosal immunity and COVID-19

As the gastrointestinal tract may also be a crucial entry or interaction site of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the role of the gut mucosal immune system as a first-line physical and immunological defense is critical. Furthermore, gastrointestinal involvement and symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have been linked to worse clinical outcomes. This review discusses recent data on the interactions between the virus and the immune cells and molecules in the mucosa during the infection. By carrying out appropriate investigations, the mucosal immune system role in SARS-CoV-2 infection in therapy and prevention can be established. In line with this, COVID-19 vaccines that stimulate mucosal immunity against the virus may have more advantages than the others.     

国人脑血管病与胃肠道疾病相关性探讨

目的根据中医望诊相关理论,观察脑血管病患者面部、舌部与胃肠道相关的投射部位色泽及纹理变化,分析脑血管病与胃肠道疾病的相关性并用现代医学方法进行检测,以证实中医望诊的客观性与准确性,从而探讨国人脑血管病新的可能的危险因素,为临床提供治疗依据。方法通过对脑血管病患者面部及舌象的望诊,对唇周有皱褶或/和舌中有裂纹(沟)并疑为存在胃肠道疾病者,嘱其做胃镜及幽门螺杆菌检测,观察望诊所见与胃镜检查结果的符合率。结果脑血管病患者经望诊筛选后其胃镜检查阳性率为100.0%,幽门螺杆菌测定阳性率50.6%(39/77)。结论唇周有皱褶或/和舌中有裂纹(沟)与胃肠道疾病有密切相关性,脾胃功能紊乱、胃肠道疾病及幽门螺杆菌感染可能为中国人脑血管病重要的危险因素之一。     

内镜下微波治疗非门脉高压上消化道出血

目的 :探讨内镜下微波治疗非门脉高压上消化道出血的疗效。方法 :将 6 2例有活动性出血的非门脉高压上消化道出血病例分 2组 ,比较内镜下微波治疗与过去传统治疗的效果。结果 :止血效果内镜下微波治疗优于传统治疗 ,近期再出血率、近期急诊手术率、平均住院时间及病死率均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。本组治疗未见并发症。结论 :内镜下微波治疗非门脉高压上消化道出血疗效肯定 ,方法简便 ,经济 ,使用安全     

Gastrointestinal effects of growth hormone

GH receptor immunoreactivity is found throughout the gastrointestinal tract. GH has proliferative effects upon intestinal epithelium, and influences enteroendocrine cell secretion, calcium absorption, and intestinal amino acid and ion transport. The proliferative effects of GH may be reflected in the increased incidence of neoplastic colonic polyps in individuals with long-term GH excess reported by some investigators. GH also increases hepatic cytochrome P450 expression, potentially altering drug and steroid hormone metabolism. Current clinical research efforts include the use of exogenous GH as a stimulant of gut growth and adaptation in patients who have undergone massive intestinal resection. Exogenous GH is also being studied in animal models of critical illness where it appears to increase intestinal glutamine uptake, which may prevent deterioration of the intestinal mucosal barrirer.