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一、前言cefuzoname(CZON)系日本 Lederle 公司与武田药品工业公司共同开发的头孢菌素类抗生素注射剂。本品因具有甲氧亚氨基,故对各种β-内酰胺酶均极稳定,另外,通过3位上引入噻二唑硫甲基,7位上引入氨噻唑,而对金葡菌等革兰氏阳性菌和阴性菌, 相似文献
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病例:患男,58岁,以进行性排尿困难一年、加重一周入院,诊断为前列腺肥大症.入院后查血、尿、粪常规正常,肝肾功、心电图正常.d 9在硬膜外麻醉下行前列腺摘除术,手术顺利. 相似文献
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肾移植术后并发症以感染居首位,其中巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染是一些免疫抑制病人出现的严重并发症,此外单纯性疱疹Ⅰ、Ⅱ型病毒和带状疱疹病毒的感染的发生亦非少见。在使用有效免疫抑制剂预防移植肾排斥反应的同时,如何预防、消除病毒感染,合理选用抗病毒药物即成为一个重要的临床课题。本文报道在12例肾移植术后患者中合并应用抗病毒药物阿昔洛韦(acyclovir)对患者肾功能及环孢素血药浓度的影响,以期为临床合理选择药物提供依据1病例与方法11病例选择和用药方案12例肾移植术后患者,男性,年龄21~67岁,平均46±1… 相似文献
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肾移植术后环孢素A治疗窗浓度的临床研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
目的:探讨肾移植(RT)术后患者在不同时期环孢素A(CsA)的血药浓度与临床的关系,寻找适合国人肾移植受者理想的CsA治疗窗浓度范围。方法:采用荧光偏振免疫(FPIA)法,对30例肾移植受者进行常规CsA血药浓度检测,并结合患者临床症状进行归纳,分析,统计。结果:CsA式肾移植后<1月,1月-<3月,3月-<6月,6月-<12月,1年以上理想治疗窗应分别为:250-450。250-400,180-350,150-300,100-250μg.L^-1。结论:根据患者的实际情况具体分析,将CsA血药浓度调整到治疗窗内,避免毒性反应和排异反应的发生。 相似文献
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氧氟沙星对肾移植患者肾功能及环孢素血浓度的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
肾脏移植术后并发症以感染占首位,文献报道移植术后第一年内死亡病例中半数以上因感染而致[1]。因此在应用免疫抑制剂预防移植物排斥的同时,合理选用抗菌药物预防或消除感染非常重要。氧氟沙星属氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物,在临床上的应用很广,尤其用于尿路、呼吸道感染。本文报道在25例肾移植术后患者中预防应用氧氟沙星的临床结果。1材料与方法11药品与仪器氧氟沙星片剂,日本第一制药株式会社产品,每片100mg,批号BS964;环孢素胶丸,杭州中美华东制药有限公司产品,每粒50mg,批号970103;强的松片,广东江门制药厂产品,… 相似文献
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目的:研究肾移植术后患者多药耐药相关蛋白(MRP2/ABCC2)基因多态性对环孢素(CsA)肝功能异常的影响.方法:入选的339例肾移植受者均采用CsA治疗,检测患者rs717620(A/G)和rs2273697 (G/A)多态性的基因型.此外,采用荧光偏振免疫法检测患者的CsA血药浓度,根据肾移植患者发生肝脏损伤的情况分为3组.结果:rs717620和rs2273697突变等位基因发生频率分别为38.89%和10.72%.ABCC2基因rs717620位点的G突变等位基因与CsA肝功能异常的发生密切相关,与对照组比较,CsA肝功异常组的GG基因型发生频率明显升高(P<0.05),AA基因型发生频率明显降低(P<0.05).ABCC2基因rs2273697多态性与CsA肝功异常的发生无明显相关.基因型分析结果显示,这两个多态性对CsA谷浓度均无明显相关性,但rs2273697多态性对ALT和AST检测值有明显影响.对于ABCC2基因rs717620而言,GG基因型纯合子携带者的发病风险比AA型纯合子携带者高6倍(OR=6.960,95% CI.1.636~29.610,P<0.01).单倍体分析结果显示,与AA-AA基因型个体相比,GG-GG和GG-GA基因型个体移植术后发生CsA肝功异常的风险分别增加5.909倍和13.333倍.结论:ABCC2基因rs717620位点多态性与CsA肝功异常有明显相关性.ABCC2基因单倍体各基因型中,GG-GG和GG-GA单倍体基因型是肾移植术后发生CsA肝功异常的危险基因因素. 相似文献
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Kenneth Bachmann Luis Jauregui Richa Chandra Kamlesh Thakker 《Pharmacological research》2003,47(6):549-554
Some macrolide antibiotics have been shown to produce significant drug-drug interactions through the inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. In renal transplant patients these interactions pose potentially serious problems for the safe administration of cyclosporine A (CSA), a substrate of CYP3A4. The effects of azithromycin on CSA disposition kinetics were evaluated in eight stable renal transplant patients. Patients had been stabilized on individualized doses of CSA which remained unchanged throughout the study. Azithromycin was administered for 3 days. Baseline measurements of CSA disposition kinetics were taken prior to azithromycin treatment (study day 2) and after 3 days (study day 5) of azithromycin treatment (500mg/day, orally). The key parameters of interest were the area under the CSA blood concentration versus time curve (AUC) measured for 24h after the morning dose of CSA on both days 2 and 5, and the C(max) values of CSA. The geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of those parameters (day 5/day 2) and their 90% confidence intervals (90% CI) were 107 (98,116) and 119 (104,136), respectively. The 7% increase in exposure level and 19% increase in peak plasma concentration are not likely to be clinically significant. It is concluded that azithromycin (500mg/dayx3 days) does not alter the disposition kinetics of CSA in a clinically significant way, and that CSA dosage adjustments are not warranted in renal transplant patients taking these two drugs together. 相似文献
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目的 观察特异性单克隆抗体与非特异性多克隆抗血清荧光免疫偏振法测定肾移植病人全血环孢素浓度的差异及肝功能对血药浓度的影响。方法 对36位肾移植术后病人的84份环孢素(CsA)血样同时用特异性单克隆(MAFPIA)和非特异性多克隆抗体(PAFPIA)荧光免疫偏振分析法进行测定。对两种方法测得的数值进行统计学处理。结果MAFPIA与PAFPIA之间有较好的线性关系(相关系数为0.8947),两者的测得值具统计学显著性差异。肝功能异常的患者PAFPIA测得值显著大于MAFPIA测得值。与肝功能正常患者相比有明显差异,且两者的回归曲线参数均有明显不同。结论 对CsA血药浓度测定应采用特异性高的方法。 相似文献
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Effects of berberine on the blood concentration of cyclosporin A in renal transplanted recipients: clinical and pharmacokinetic study 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Objective To study the effects of berberine (BBR) on the blood concentration and pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A (CsA) in renal-transplant recipients.Methods In a randomized and controlled clinical trial, 52 renal-transplant recipients were treated with CsA and 0.2 g BBR three times daily for 3 months, while another 52 subjects received CsA without BBR co-administration. Blood trough concentration of CsA and biochemistry indexes for hepatic and renal functions were determined. For the pharmacokinetic study, six renal-transplant recipients were included with a 3-mg/kg dosage of CsA twice daily before and after oral co-administration of 0.2 g BBR three times daily for 12 days.Results The trough blood concentrations and the ratios of concentration/dose of CsA in the BBR-treated group increased by 88.9% and 98.4%, respectively, compared with those at baseline (P<0.05). As for the BBR-free group, they rose by 64.5% and 69.4%, respectively, relative to those at baseline (P<0.01). Nevertheless, the final blood concentrations and the ratios of concentration/dose of CsA in BBR-treated patients were still 29.3% and 27.8%, respectively, higher than those in BBR-free patients (P<0.05). No significant effects on liver or renal functions were observed under coadministration of BBR. After co-administration of BBR in six patients for 12 days, the mean AUC of CsA was increased by 34.5% (P<0.05). The mean time taken to reach the peak blood concentration (tmax) and the mean half-life (t1/2) of CsA were increased by 1.7 h and 2.7 h, respectively (P<0.05). The average percentage increases in the steady-state drug concentration (Css) and minimum blood concentration (Cmin) were 34.5% and 88.3%, respectively (P<0.05). In addition, the average percentage decrease in CL/F was 40.4% (P<0.05) and the peak-to-through fluctuation index was significantly reduced (P<0.01).Conclusion The BBR can markedly elevate the blood concentration of CsA in renal-transplant recipients in both clinical and pharmacokinetic studies. This combination may allow a reduction of the CsA dosage. The mechanism for this interaction is most likely explained by inhibition of CYP3A4 by BBR in the liver and/or small intestine. 相似文献
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艾司洛尔对腹腔镜手术围术期血儿茶酚胺及肾功能的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 探讨艾司洛尔对腹腔镜手术患者围术期血儿茶酚胺及肾功能的影响.方法 41例静-吸复合全麻下腹腔镜手术患者随机分为艾司洛尔组(A组,21例)和对照组(B组,20例).A组诱导前1 min静脉注射艾司洛尔0.5 mg/kg,继以50 μg·kg-1·min-1持续输注.检测两组患者气腹前(T1)、气腹20 min(T2)和拔管后(T3)的HR、MAP、肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)和β2微球蛋白(β2MG)以及术后1、3 d的尿素氮和肌酐.结果 B组T2和T3 E和NE水平较T1时明显升高(P<0.01),T2时的β2MG也明显高于T1(2.23±0.55) vs. (1.37±0.22) mg/L(P<0.01);而A组以上指标相应时点与T1相比无明显变化.结论 艾司洛尔能减轻气腹引起的血儿茶酚胺升高反应,对肾功能无明显影响. 相似文献
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A pharmacokinetic study after a single dose of ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, cefuroxime and ceftazidime was performed to investigate the influence of protein binding and severity of disease on the renal elimination. In intensive-care patients drug-protein binding was substantially less compared to that in volunteers and patients with less complicated diseases. This did not result in increased elimination but, due to increased apparent volumes of distribution, prolonged half-life times were observed. Consequently, in patients with complicated disease states a dosage regimen should be based on pharmacokinetic studies performed in a similar patient group. 相似文献
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目的了解心脏移植术后患者环孢素(CsA)血药浓度变化和排斥反应、不良反应发生情况,并探讨其相关性。方法收集2010年1月至2011年12月在北京安贞医院行心脏移植术患者的病历资料进行回顾性分析,记录患者的一般情况、CsA血药浓度监测情况以及排斥反应和不良反应发生情况,分析CsA全血谷浓度(C0)和峰浓度(C2)与排斥反应和不良反应的关系。结果纳入分析的27例患者中男性24例,女性3例,平均年龄 (38±14)岁,平均身高 (170±10) cm,平均体重 (68.0±15.8) kg。原发疾病:扩张性心脏病18例,冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病4例,瓣膜性心肌病3例,心律失常性右心室心肌病1例,心肌致密化不全1例。术后早期(〈1个月)CsA血药浓度较低, 75例次C0检测中35例次(46.7%)、69例次C2检测中56例次(81.2%)低于有效浓度。C0在术后1~3个月升高, 4个月后逐渐降低,7个月后逐渐趋于稳定。C2在术后1~3个月升高,4个月后逐渐降低,13个月后略有回升。27例患者中有9例(33.3%)发生排斥反应,8例为急性排斥反应,发生在术后4~12个月,主要表现为乏力、食欲不振、活动后心悸、烦躁,其中1例死亡;1例为慢性排斥反应,发生在术后13个月,表现为心率增快和外周血淋巴细胞计数升高。27例中有7例(25.9%)出现肾功能损伤,发生在术后1个月内、3~6个月和7~12个月者分别为3、2、2例,主要表现为肌酐清除率下降,血清尿素、肌酐、钾升高和高尿酸血症;1例(3.7%)在术后2个月出现肝功能损伤,主要表现为丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和总胆红素(TBil)升高;18例(66.7%)出现总胆固醇 (TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL-C) 和三酰甘油 (TG) 升高,发生在术后3个月内和7~12个月者分别为17和1例;10例(37.0%)出现空腹血糖升高,发生在术后1个月内、4~12个月和18个月者分别为7、2和1例。未出现急性排斥反应者CsA的C0及C2均明显高于出现急性排斥反应者[(216±90) μg/L比(167±103) μg/L,(718±297) ng/ml比(472±251) μg/L,均P〈0.01]。出现不良反应者C0及C2均明显高于未出现不良反应者[(241±93) μg/L比(190±95) μg/L,(837±314) μg/L比(596±283) μg/L,均P<0.01]。CsA的C0与血清尿素、肌酐和空腹血糖相关(r=0.359,P=0.000;r=0.170, P=0.014; r=0.164, P=0.018),C0与C2均与TBil、TC和LDL-C相关(r=0.182, P=0.009; r=-0.170, P=0.018; r=0.267, P=0.001; r=0.320, P=0.000; r=0.251, P=0.001; r=0.275, P=0.000)。结论心脏移植术后患者CsA血药浓度与排斥反应和不良反应的发生密切相关,进行CsA血药浓度监测有利于及时调整CsA剂量,降低排斥反应和不良反应发生率。 相似文献
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环孢素(Cyclosporine A,CSA)是器官移植中有效的免疫抑制剂,然而CsA的肝、肾毒性限制了它的安全应用,而且诊断上与排斥反应不易区别。本文用FPIA和和HPLC法同时测定6例肾移植病人口服CsA后的50份血样中CsA浓度,两法相关系数r=0.85,斜率0.38。研究两法测定CsA浓度比值与肾功能的关系,以及比值对诊断肾毒性和排异反应的临床意义。 相似文献
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目的:探讨心脏移植患者术后口服免疫抑制剂环孢素的血药浓度与PXR基因多态性的相关性。方法:应用飞行时间质谱技术对59例心脏移植术后稳定期患者的PXR基因型进行检测,全自动化学免疫分析仪测定环孢素的血药浓度,并通过统计学分析PXR各单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点基因型对环孢素血药浓度的影响。结果:PXR基因筛选出的8个Tag SNP位点次要等位基因频率(MAF)与NCBI的dbSNP数据库中中国人的数据相近。对于59名稳定期心脏移植患者PXR基因8个Tag SNP中,仅携带PXR rs1523127(C 24381 A)位点AA型基因的患者血药浓度及校正血药浓度明显低于CA型,CA型又低于CC型患者,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其他7个Tag SNP rs3814056T>G、rs7643645A>G、rs11917714C>T、rs2276705C>A、rs2472681T>C、rs2472682C>A、rs4440154C>T各基因型组间环孢素血药浓度的差异均无统计学意义。结论:PXR rs1523127(C 24381 A)基因型与心脏移植稳定期患者环孢素血药浓度显著相关,提示该SNP可能会在环孢素个体化用药中发挥重要作用。 相似文献