加强献血者献血后回告管理保证血液安全

采供血机构必须建立和实施献血者献血后回告受理和保密性弃血程序,对有易感染经血液传播疾病危险行为的献血者献血后的回告、血液屏蔽和淘汰机制做出明确规定是保证血液安全的重要措施之一。本站坚持以人为本,质量优先的无偿献血管理模式,切实加强献血者献血后回告管理制度,保证血液安全。1加强献血前及献血过程中宣传、咨询和引导,从源头上减少献血后回告率1.1加强献血宣传,科学普及无偿献血相关知识,从源头上减     

安阳地区无偿献血者HIV感染的人群分布

目的了解豫北安阳地区无偿献血人群中人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的感染情况。方法对2008年1月～2012年12月无偿献血者的血液标本244 626人份进行HIV感染标志物检测,统计HIV感染率并进行人口统计学分析。结果安阳市无偿献血人群中HIV感染率为0.004 1%,男性感染率高于女性,高中及以下学历感染率明显高于大专及以上学历者。结论安阳市无偿献血人群中HIV的感染处于平稳低流行趋势。进行献血宣传及献血者招募时应做好“防艾教育”,同时加强献血者抗-HIV筛查与检测工作,对确保采供血安全至关重要。     

某市在校学生无偿献血者传染病筛查结果分析

目的 调查某市参加无偿献血的在校学生输血传染病指标的筛查结果,为完善招募策略、确保安全供血提供依据.方法 检测无偿献血学生和普通献血人群HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV、抗-TP,对4项感染指标的检出结果进行分析比较.结果 在校学生输血传染病指标检测总阳性率低于普通献血人群.学生无偿献血者中出现了HIV感染个例.结论 在校学生是无偿献血的主要群体、低危群体,向学生积极宣传无偿献血知识的同时,加强艾滋病防治教育势在必行.     

九江地区无偿献血人群结构和血液检测结果分析

目的：分析九江地区无偿献血人群结构和血液检测结果,为更好地做好招募和宣传提供参考,以促进九江地区无偿献血事业的健康发展。方法分析2013年无偿献血情况及其血液HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV和抗-TP的检测结果,分别按性别、年龄、职业、学历和献血者类型进行分类,运用统计学方法分析二者的关系。结果37230例献血者血液检测不合格率(1.6％)随着文化程度的降低而增加,与献血者的年龄、职业和类型相关;18~34岁的献血人群占50.23％,其不合格率远低于34岁以上献血人群;献血人群中农民的不合格率最高(2.66％),远高于其他职业;高中及以上文化程度的献血人群占79.05％,其不合格率远低于初中及以下文化程度献血人群;首次献血者人数多于重复献血者,其不合率远高于重复献血者。结论针对不同的献血人群应进行有针对性的征询和宣传;年轻人、高文化程度者和重复献血者是较安全的献血人群,应对农民、初中及以下文化程度的献血者和首次献血者开展无偿献血知识和传染病防治知识的教育。     

血液安全与AIDS控制效果影响因素调查分析

目的为完善现行和落实将来的血液安全政策提供理论基础，提高血液安全和管理的能力，加强艾滋病（AIDS）防制工作。修改和完善现行血液安全政策，加强高危区各机构控制艾滋病传播计划的制定、管理、协调和控制能力，促进该地区艾滋病防制工作的全面展开。方法应用政策分析的基本理论与方法，深入调查分析探讨血液安全政策与AIDS流行及控制的关系，本研究首先通过非条件Logistic回归分析找出艾滋病防治知识知晓率、无偿献血的各种影响因素，以及血液安全政策执行情况与AIDS控制效果的影响因素，然后利用路径分析（Path analysis）方法分析各因素作用的途径和力度大小，最后结合上述分析结果应用层次分析法综合评判血液安全政策执行情况与AIDS流行与控制效果。结果将历年多次艾滋病防治知识知晓率调查结果作为反应变量，选择影响血液安全政策执行情况及AIDS控制效果的主要因素，包括经采供血感染艾滋病毒（HIV）、无偿献血情况、领导对血液重视程度、艾滋病防治知识及无偿献血宣传情况、以及其他与艾滋病相关性病的发病率等多个变量或亚变量，进行logistic回归分析，了解血液安全政策就是控制经采供血感染HIV（包括无偿献血中经HIV检测不合格占总献血不合格的比例）。血液是否安全、控制效果是否良好，主要反映在：经采供血感染HIV、因HIV检测不合格占总献血不合格比例。结论从调查统计资料分析，领导重视程度不同，不同时期艾滋病防治知识知晓率、经采供血感染HIV情况和血液的安全，以及宣传教育落实情况均具有显著性差异（P〈0．01）；艾滋病防治知识知晓率不同，0则无偿献血执行情况及经采供血感染HIV情况也具有显著性差异（P〈0．01）；宣传教育落实情况不同，不同时期的无偿献血执行情况也具有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。     

孝感地区无偿献血人群梅毒检测结果调查分析

目的了解孝感地区无偿献血人群中梅毒螺旋体的感染情况。方法对2012~2014年无偿献血者的血液标本,同时采用2个厂家生产的梅毒螺旋体抗体诊断试剂盒采用酶联免疫吸附试验进行检测。结果共检测标本84 783份,检测出阳性标本604份,阳性率为0.71%。结论孝感地区无偿献血人群中梅毒的感染呈逐年上升趋势,学生、公务员、教师、军人阳性率较低,因此,在进行献血宣传及献血者招募时应做好宣传教育和征询筛查工作。     

2003～2013年临沧市无偿献血人群HIV感染状况分析

目的 对本地区无偿献血人群的HIV感染率、感染者的献血次数、重复检出情况,及其人口学特征等进行分析,以评价其与血液安全的关系,为制定献血者筛查和艾滋病防治措施提供科学依据.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对无偿献血者血液标本进行2次抗-HIV(1+2)检测,结果均为阳性者,将血样送疾控中心艾滋病确认实验室确认检测,反馈阳性者列入HIV感染者统计.结果 96 884例献血者经确认抗-HIV阳性者195例,阳性率为0.20％.初次献血者阳性率为0.36％;重复献血者阳性率o.04％,初次献血者感染率与重复献血者感染率有明显差异,21～40岁献血者感染率与18～20岁及41～50岁组相比感染率明显偏高,职员、工人、其他人群感染率较高,以初中以下文化程度为主,佤族和拉祜族献血者感染率明显偏高.结论 临沧市献血者HIV感染率明显高于其他地区,不同人群感染率有明显差异,通过加大固定献血者队伍建设、加强献血适宜人群的筛选,对重点人群加强血液安全和防艾知识的宣传力度,是目前降低HIV经输血传播风险的有效措施.     

南京地区无偿献血者HCV感染流行病学分析

目的了解南京地区近10年无偿献血人群丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的感染情况,为制定经血传播疾病防控策略提供依据。方法对南京地区2007-2016年无偿献血者血液标本的抗-HCV检测结果,从不同年龄、性别、职业等方面进行回顾性分析。结果 723 817份标本中抗-HCV检测阳性共计1 931例,阳性检出率为0.27%。献血者抗-HCV阳性率不同年龄、职业、文化程度组间比较差异有统计学意义,不同性别组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论南京地区无偿献血人群HCV感染率较低,建议加强健康宣传教育,宣传招募低危人群献血,建立稳定的固定献血者队伍,为临床提供安全的血液。     

2008-2010年无偿献血人群调查与分析

目的全面统计江西省血液中心近3年来自愿无偿献血人群的结构比例,为建立相应的献血招募对策、扩大无偿献血队伍提供科学的参考依据。方法收集2008年-2010年江西省血液中心无偿献血者183307人次的血液采集和检测不合格信息,运用统计学方法对献血人群献血时间、年龄结构、文化程度和职业进行比较分析。结果江西省血液中心自愿无偿献血人次年提高;血液检测不合格率不断降低;献血者中18~25岁年轻人占的比例最高,献血者文化程度与不合格率呈反比。结论要努力宣传发展多种群体参加献血,尽快扩大和加强固定献血者队伍招募和管理这样才能从源头上保证日益增长的临床用血需求。     

2008—2010年无偿献血人群调查与分析

目的全面统计江西省血液中心近3年来自愿无偿献血人群的结构比例,为建立相应的献血招募对策、扩大无偿献血队伍提供科学的参考依据。方法收集2008年-2010年江西省血液中心无偿献血者183307人次的血液采集和检测不合格信息。运用统计学方法对献血人群献血时间、年龄结构、文化程度和职业进行比较分析。结果江西省血液中心自愿无偿献血人次年提高：血液检测不合格率不断降低：献血者中18～25岁年轻人占的比例最高,献血者文化程度与不合格率呈反比。结论要努力宣传发展多种群体参加献血．尽快扩大和加强固定献血者队伍招募和管理这样才能从源头上保证日益增长的临床用血需求。     

浙江省金华市无偿献血人群艾滋病病毒感染现状分析

目的 了解浙江省金华市无偿献血者人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染的状况及流行特征,以确定低危献血人群,降低输血传播HIV的风险。 方法 对2006年1月至2012年7月266 844例无偿献血者利用酶联免疫吸附试验进行抗-HIV检测,结果采用免疫蛋白印迹(WB)确证,并对抗-HIV确证阳性者进行流行病学调查与统计分析。 结果 抗-HIV抗体初筛阳性共406例,WB法确证阳性29例,阳性率为0.01%,不确定5例,其余确证为阴性。经流行病学调查,异性传播19例,占65.5%。同性传播9例,占31%。 结论 结合本地区献血人群的HIV感染状况、流行特征,应从无偿献血招募、体检咨询工作方面采取积极有效的措施,需加强与社会互动,开展对献血者艾滋病相关知识的宣教,从而达到保证血液质量与安全。     

柳州市无偿献血者 HIV 感染流行病学分析

目的：了解柳州市无偿献血者 HIV 感染流行病学特征,为采供血机构献血招募提供依据,降低输血传播 HIV 的风险。方法对2008～2012年无偿献血者 HIV 感染进行流行病学调查,分析其感染特征。结果柳州市无偿献血者 HIV 感染不同年份间差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）;5年间男女性别、不同年龄段、已婚与未婚间差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．01）;其中初中以下学历占52．94％;56．21％的感染者为性传播。结论柳州市无偿献血者 HIV 感染以青壮年男性、初中以下文化人员为主,并以异性性传播为主。在献血者招募工作中要有针对性排除有高危行为的人群献血,尽量在低危人群中采集血液。     

Retrospective surveillance of HIV prevalence in blood donors can help in the selection of the best social group for blood donation in Mali

The National Centre for Blood Transfusion, Bamako, Mali has collected data that characterizes trend in HIV prevalence over 10 years by gender, age, occupation, marital status and donor category. These data help to describe national HIV prevalence and assist in formulating blood donation policies. Donations from 1993 to 2002 were categorized by donor age (decade), occupation (student, military and other), marital status (single, married and other), gender and donor status (volunteer, occasional and family). Comparisons were made using conservative estimates of donation frequency/donor category. Donations increased by more than 400%. By 1999, increased HIV prevalence in donations from women was consistently present. Donations from the age group of 30–39 years showed an increased prevalence beginning in 2000, which by 2002 was almost 10 times greater than in the low-prevalence (<20 years) group (5.9 vs. 0.6%). By 2000, both categories - students and military were less likely to be HIV positive than those from other occupational categories, and donations from married persons were less likely to be HIV positive by 1997. The highest prevalence was observed in the 'occasional' donor category, which increased to >14% by 2001; volunteer donation HIV positive peaked at 2.3% in 1999. HIV prevalence in blood donations in Bamako, Mali, demonstrates important trends from 1993 to 2002. The prevalence of > 14% in donations from occasional donors and significant trends by decade, gender, marital status and occupation argue for increased analysis of the blood donor population to improve blood safety and to understand the demographics of HIV infection in Mali.     

无偿献血HIV抗体初筛阳性确认结果分析

目的分析2009~2015年HIV抗体筛查和确证试验结果,为制订在低危人群中招募献血者的招募策略和献血者回归提供依据。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测HIV抗体,分别用2个不同厂家试剂检测。HIV抗体检测阳性或可疑的标本送深圳市疾病预防控制中心进行免疫蛋白印迹确认。选取2009~2015年血液标本筛查确认结果进行统计分析。结果2009~2015年197 766份血液标本,2009~2015年每年总的感染率分别为1.3/10万、4.7/10万、5.6/10万、5.4/10万、5.3/10万、4.6/10万、7.3/10万,平均感染率为0.004 9%(4.9/10万),平均确诊阳性率为22.1%,假阳性率为77.9%。HIV抗体确认阳性的献血者中年龄18~30岁的占67.7%。结论重视献血前的征询招募工作,针对外来劳务工和文化程度相对低的献血者加强献血知识的普及,特别是有高危行为的献血者,采用小卡片的方式,引导其到疾控中心做专业的咨询检测,既提高输血安全系数又能预防艾滋病扩散。针对假阳性的献血者做好回访跟踪监测及献血资格的回归工作,减少献血者的流失。选择更加灵敏的试剂及选择更加灵敏的病毒核酸扩增的方法,可尽量缩小因窗口期感染的风险,确保输血安全。     

湖南省怀化市无偿献血人群HIV感染状况分析

目的 分析湖南省怀化市2004～2011年无偿献血人群人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染状况,为防止经血传播HIV,更好地开展无偿献血工作提供科学依据.方法 收集该站2004年1月至2011年10月无偿献血者抗-HIV检测资料,对HIV确认阳性的无偿献血者根据性别、年龄、学历、职业等因素进行统计分析.结果 2004年1月至2011年10月抗-HIV初筛送检标本180 241份,确认22例,无偿献血人群中HIV感染率为12.21/10万,HIV感染者中以男性为主(77.27%),年龄以18～30岁为主(59.09%),＞30～40岁占22.73%,＞40～55岁占18.18%.学历以高中以下为主(59.09%),大专学历者占36.36%.已婚12例(54.55%).职业以农民工为主(31.82%),个体、办事员各占22.73%.结论 为有效防止HIV经血传播,应加强对无偿献血者的宣传和教育,并做好献血前咨询、体检和血液检测工作,对有危险性行为的献血员做好献血前屏蔽和保密性弃血工作.     

Interviews of individuals diagnosed as anti-human immunodeficiency virus-positive through the screening of blood donations in the Paris area to 1994: reflections on the selection of blood donors

BACKGROUND: One of the aims of the medical interview routinely preceding each blood donation is the identification of individuals with a risk factor for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). STUDY DESIGN and METHODS: Interviews were performed with individuals diagnosed as being seropositive for HIV through the systematic biologic screening of blood donations in the Paris area to establish, first, the circumstances allowing HIV-seropositive individuals to pass through the predonation medical interview and, second, the motivation of these individuals as blood donors. Risk factors of 30 HIV-infected donors identified between 1991 and 1994 were determined. RESULTS: When asked whether they recognized the eventual risk to recipients of donated blood, 14 (47%) of 30 answered positively. Fifteen (50%) admitted having given their blood to determine their HIV status. CONCLUSION: These individuals did not exclude themselves from blood donation and probably hid their risk factor(s) at the predonation interview in order to be accepted as blood donors.     

Heterosexually acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection and the United States blood supply: considerations for screening of potential blood donors. HIV Blood Donor Study Group

The impact of heterosexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on the United States blood supply was assessed, and deferral criteria that may exclude potential donors who are at high risk for heterosexually acquired HIV infection were evaluated. Interviews were conducted with 508 HIV-seropositive blood donors from May 1, 1988, to August 31, 1989 (Phase 1), and with 472 donors from January 1, 1990, to May 31, 1991 (Phase 2), at 20 blood centers. From Phase 1 to Phase 2, the overall HIV prevalence decreased from 0.021 to 0.018 percent (p < 0.001). HIV risk factors among HIV-1-seropositive donors were similar during both study phases. Eleven percent of the men and 56 percent of the women reported as their only risk that they had a heterosexual partner who was at increased risk for HIV or was known to have HIV. These percentages were similar during both study periods. During Phase 2, 13 percent of the men and 17 percent of the women with heterosexual transmission risk had a positive serologic test for syphilis, hepatitis B core antibody, or hepatitis C antibody. Among HIV- 1-seropositive donors reporting heterosexual risk, the median numbers of previous-year and lifetime sex partners for men were 2 and 30, respectively; for women, those numbers were 1 and 7, respectively. Thirty-one percent of the men and 6 percent of the women reporting heterosexual transmission risk also reported having had syphilis or gonorrhea within 3 years of donation. It is concluded that the impact of heterosexual transmission of HIV infection on transfusion safety is not worsening at this time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

韶关市无偿献血人群10年HIV检测结果与感染者调查分析

目的了解韶关市无偿献血者近10年人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染状况及分布特征,明确血站需要采取有效防控措施,进一步减少或杜绝经输血途径传播获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)的风险。方法对2005～2014年韶关市无偿献血者265 771人份献血标本,采用2种不同厂家的试剂对抗-HIV初筛试验,初筛阳性标本送韶关市疾控中心确认。结果韶关市10年无偿献血者初筛抗-HIV阳性310例,确认阳性35例;确认阳性率为1.317/万;2012年HIV确认阳性率最高为2.867/万,与其他年份HIV确认阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。采血区域中新丰县HIV确认阳性率最高为5.369/万,与其他区域HIV确认阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。HIV确认阳性者流行病学调查发现,性别以男性30例占85.71%,明显多于女性;年龄分布以18～35岁青壮年感染26例占74.29%为主;已婚和未婚感染者分别占28.57%和71.43%;感染者职业分散,其中以农民、企业职员、服务业、机关干部居多;低学历HIV确认阳性率相对高,说明与文化高低有一定关系;该市户籍和外地户籍感染分别占71.43%和28.57%;首次献血者占68.57%,再次献血者占31.43%,两者感染比率有明显不同;合并感染其他病毒分别是乙型肝炎病毒2例,丙型肝炎病毒1例,梅毒3例;传播途径主要通过性传播,其中以异性性传播33例(94.58%)为主。结论韶关市无偿献血者HIV减染者呈上升趋势,以男性青壮年通过异性性传播为主。应引起政府、社会和血站高度重视,加强AIDS防控排查措施的宣传工作,最大限度降低经输血传播HIV的风险,确保临床输血安全。     

Knowledge, attitude and practice survey regarding blood donation in a Northwestern Chinese city

Recruitment of low-risk blood donors in developing countries is challenging. We studied the attitudes towards blood donation in several populations in a city in Western China. A survey of knowledge, attitude and practice was performed including 1280 individuals from eight distinct populations in Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. Included were Han Chinese and Uyghur populations of blood donors, non-donors, injection drug users, students and factory workers. Knowledge about blood donation varied between the groups. Factors motivating blood donation included social pressure, desire to know screening results and altruism. Inhibiting factors included fear of contracting an infection and other adverse health effects, including loss of vitality. Misconceptions about the effects of blood donation are widespread, even among educated persons in Urumqi. Fear of acquiring a serious infection may have been increased by the reports of HIV acquisition during plasma donations in China.     

Improving health profile of blood donors as a consequence of transfusion safety efforts

BACKGROUND: Transfusion safety rests heavily on the health of blood donors. Although they are perceived as being healthier than average, little is known about their long-term disease patterns and to which extent the blood banks' continuous efforts to optimize donor selection has resulted in improvements. Mortality and cancer incidence among blood donors in Sweden and Denmark was investigated. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: All computerized blood bank databases were compiled into one database, which was linked to national population and health data registers. With a retrospective cohort study design, 1,110,329 blood donors were followed for up to 35 years from first computer-registered blood donation to death, emigration, or December 31, 2002. Standardized mortality and incidence ratios expressed relative risk of death and cancer comparing blood donors to the general population. RESULTS: Blood donors had an overall mortality 30 percent lower (99% confidence interval [CI] 29%-31%) and cancer incidence 4 percent lower (99% CI 2%-5%) than the background population. Mortality rates and cancer incidence were lowest for outcomes that are recognized as being related to lifestyle factors such as smoking or to the selection criteria for blood donation. Blood donors recruited in more recent years exhibited a lower relative mortality than those who started earlier. CONCLUSION: Blood donors enjoy better than average health. Explicit and informal requirements for blood donation in Scandinavia, although mostly of a simple nature, have successfully refined the selection of a particularly healthy subpopulation.