流感嗜血杆菌耐药性分析

目的了解流感嗜血杆菌的耐药情况,为临床用药提供依据。方法对临床分离的154株流感嗜血杆菌,用K-B法测定其对抗菌药物的敏感性,用头孢硝噻吩纸片法测定β-内酰胺酶,所有数据用WHONET5.4软件进行分析。结果流感嗜血杆菌对复方新诺明、氨苄西林的敏感率性较差,耐药率分别是54.9%和37.7%,对环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、头孢噻肟、头孢呋辛、阿奇霉素等敏感性较好,耐药率小于10%,β-内酰胺酶阳性株对氨苄西林的耐药率明显高于阴性株的耐药率。结论氨苄西林、复方新诺明因耐药率太高而不宜用于流感嗜血杆菌的治疗,治疗流感嗜血杆菌感染可选用头孢类、喹诺酮类以及阿奇霉素等药物,且要足量、足疗程使用抗菌药物,一次性杀灭病原微生物,避免耐药菌株的产生。     

2007中国CHINET流感嗜血杆菌耐药性监测

目的 了解我国不同地区流感嗜血杆菌临床分离株耐药性.方法 全国7所综合性医院和2所儿童医院临床分离的流感嗜血杆菌,用Kirbry-Bauer法作药敏试验,按CLSI 2007版判断结果,以Nitrocefin试剂测定β内酰胺酶.结果 共收集临床分离流感嗜血杆菌755株,复方磺胺甲口恶唑的耐药率最高,达59.4%,氨苄西林30.1%,氯霉素 16.9% .氨苄西林-舒巴坦、环丙沙星、头孢噻肟、阿莫西林-克拉唯酸、阿奇霉素和头孢呋辛的耐药率为10%或以下.儿童分离株对氨苄西林的耐药率(37.4%)高于成人株(13.7%);对环丙沙星的耐药率(1.6%)低于成人株(19.1%).β内酰胺酶检出率 27.4% ,其中儿童分离株产酶检出率(34.9%)高于成人分离株产酶检出率(10.6%).对氨苄西林、复方磺胺甲口恶唑、氯霉素3种及3种以上药物耐药的菌株占26.1%(159/609).结论 大多数抗菌药物对流感嗜血杆菌仍保持良好的抗菌活性,但该菌对过去常用的氨苄西林、复方磺胺甲口恶唑的耐药率在增加,复方磺胺甲口恶唑已不宜用于流感嗜血杆菌引起感染的经验治疗;儿童分离株对氨苄西林的耐药率和产酶检出率均显著高于成人(P<0.05);产β内酰胺酶是流感嗜血杆菌对氨苄西林耐药的主要耐药机制,多重耐药现象应引起重视.     

肿瘤患者下呼吸道感染流感嗜血杆菌的临床分布及耐药性分析

目的分析肿瘤患者下呼吸道感染流感嗜血杆菌的临床分布及耐药性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考依据。方法采用含0.5mg/mL万古霉素的巧克力培养基分离培养流感嗜血杆菌,应用梅里埃Vitek2-Compact全自动细菌鉴定分析仪鉴定菌种,采用头孢硝噻吩纸片法检测菌株产β-内酰胺酶情况,药敏试验采用纸片扩散(K-B)法。结果从2014年1月至2015年12月本院住院肿瘤患者下呼吸道的合格痰标本中分离出72株流感嗜血杆菌,β-内酰胺酶阳性率为34.7%(25/72);药敏试验的耐药分别为:氨苄西林43.1%(31/72)、磺胺甲噁唑/甲氧苄啶47.2%(34/72)、头孢克洛19.4%(14/72)、四环素19.4%(14/72)、氨曲南16.7%(12/72)和氯霉素16.7%(12/72),而对头孢呋辛、头孢吡肟、环丙沙星、阿奇霉素、左氧氟沙星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和美罗培南敏感率均高于90%。结论流感嗜血杆菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药率相差很大,β-内酰胺酶阳性株对氨苄西林和磺胺甲噁唑/甲氧苄啶的耐药率较高(80%),不宜用于流感嗜血杆菌的经验用药。     

流感嗜血杆菌临床分布与耐药性分析

目的了解流感嗜血杆菌的临床分布及其耐药性。方法采用卫星实验对154株流感嗜血杆菌进行鉴定，纸片琼脂扩散（K—B）法进行药敏试验，采用头孢硝噻吩滤纸片法进行β-内酰胺酶检测。结果154株流感嗜血杆菌科室分布以感染科（40株）、神经呼吸内科（32株）、老年中医科（30株）为主；对氨苄西林、环丙沙星、阿奇霉素和复方新诺明耐药性较高，耐药率均大于60．00％，美罗培南和氨曲南的抗菌活性好，耐药率分别为0．00％、8．44％；流感嗜血杆菌产争内酰胺酶率为20．13％。结论流感嗜血杆菌耐药率高且具有多重耐药性，临床应加强监测并根据药敏结果合理选用抗菌药物进行治疗。     

儿童呼吸道分离流感嗜血杆菌的耐药性和基因分型

目的研究儿童呼吸道分离流感嗜血杆菌的耐药性和该菌ftsI基因分型与耐药表型的关系。方法收集2016年第一季度住院患儿鼻咽吸出物中分离到的流感嗜血杆菌141株;用纸片扩散法检测细菌对抗菌药物的耐药性;用Nitrocefin纸片法检测细菌的β内酰胺酶;用PCR技术对分离菌株进行ftsI基因检测;比较不同基因型菌株对抗菌药物的耐药情况。结果141株流感嗜血杆菌β内酰胺酶检出率为40.4%(57/141)、氨苄西林耐药率为53.2%(75/141)。检出ftsI基因突变率为72.3%(102/141),以Ⅲ型为主(72/102,70.6%)。β内酰胺酶基因阴性氨苄西林耐药型菌株(g BLNAR)对氨苄西林和头孢呋辛的耐药率高于β内酰胺酶基因阴性氨苄西林敏感型菌株(g BLNAS)(P0.05)。结论儿童呼吸道分离流感嗜血杆菌ftsI基因突变率高,以Ⅲ型为主。ftsI基因突变增加了流感嗜血杆菌对氨苄西林和头孢呋辛的耐药性。     

流感嗜血杆菌耐药性分析

目的 了解我院2008年1月至2010年6月临床分离的136株流感嗜血杆菌耐药性及产β-内酰氨酶率.方法 采用常规方法进行分离培养,并采用法国生物梅里埃公司全自动微生物分析系统VITEK-2compact及配套试剂NHI鉴定卡和V+X、V、X因子进行鉴定,用K-B法测定其药敏结果,按CLS12009版判断结果,以Nitrocefin试剂做B内酰胺酶测定.结果 136株流感嗜血杆菌中产B内酰胺酶40株,产酶率29.4%;耐药主要集中在复方新诺明(57.4%)、氨苄西林(51.5%)、左旋氧氟沙星(27.9%);对亚胺堵南及头孢二、三代的敏感率达100%.结论 流感嗜血杆菌有较高的耐药率及β内酰胺酶产酶率,临床上应注意正确、合理使用抗菌药物.     

某院2012～2015年流感嗜血杆菌分布特征及耐药性分析

目的：分析流感嗜血杆菌分布特征及耐药性。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2015年9月分离的流感嗜血杆菌药敏实验结果及相关临床资料。结果共检出流感嗜血杆菌369株,93．2％分离自痰标本,60．2％分离自儿童患者。流感嗜血杆菌对复方磺胺甲噁唑的耐药率最高,达到66．7％,对氨苄西林的耐药率为41．1％,对环丙沙星和头孢噻肟的敏感率超过93．0％,未检出美罗培南耐药菌株。检出多重耐药菌株99株,占26．8％,主要耐药模式为氨苄西林＋复方磺胺甲噁唑＋氯霉素／头孢呋辛／阿奇霉素。β‐内酰胺酶产酶率为37．1％,检出β‐内酰胺酶阳性、氨苄西林耐药菌株127株,β‐内酰胺酶阴性、氨苄西林耐药菌株27株。分离自儿童患者的菌株对氨苄西林的耐药率和产酶率均高于分离自成人患者的离株（ P＜0．05）。结论流感嗜血杆菌耐药机制复杂,应加强耐药监测,并根据药敏实验结果合理使用抗菌药物。     

呼吸道及非呼吸道流感嗜血杆菌感染特征及耐药性分析

目的分析该院呼吸道和非呼吸道流感嗜血杆菌的感染特征及耐药情况,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法对2016-2019年该院呼吸道和非呼吸道标本检出的流感嗜血杆菌进行分析,采用Kirby-Bauer法检测抗菌药物的敏感性,采用头孢硝噻吩纸片法检测β-内酰胺酶的活性。结果共检出流感嗜血杆菌284株,包括呼吸道来源270株(95.07%)和非呼吸道来源14株(4.93%)。婴幼儿(0~3岁)对流感嗜血杆菌的易感性明显高于其他年龄段人群(P<0.05),老年人(>59岁)较青少年(>14~18岁)和成年人(>18~59岁)易感(P<0.05)。流感嗜血杆菌感染呈春、冬季高发性,其感染高峰在2-5月。270株呼吸道来源的流感嗜血杆菌包括β-内酰胺酶阳性且对氨苄西林耐药147株(54.44%)、β-内酰胺酶阴性且对氨苄西林耐药34株(12.60%)和β-内酰胺酶阴性且对氨苄西林敏感89株(32.96%)。14株非呼吸道来源流感嗜血杆菌包括β-内酰胺酶阳性且对氨苄西林耐药2株,β-内酰胺酶阴性且对氨苄西林耐药2株,β-内酰胺酶阴性且对氨苄西林敏感10株。呼吸道来源的流感嗜血杆菌对氨苄西林、氨苄西林/舒巴坦和头孢呋辛钠的耐药率明显高于非呼吸道菌株(P<0.05)。结论该院呼吸道来源的流感嗜血杆菌耐药率高于非呼吸道菌株,临床医师应根据病原菌分布及耐药特征选用抗菌药物,确保合理用药。     

儿童分离流感嗜血杆菌的耐药性及β-内酰胺酶基因分型

目的探讨流感嗜血杆菌在儿童患者中的耐药情况和β-内酰胺酶基因分型。方法收集2016年上海市儿童医院临床分离流感嗜血杆菌316株;纸片扩散法检测细菌对抗菌药物的耐药性,头孢硝噻吩纸片法检测细菌β-内酰胺酶表型,PCR方法对细菌β-内酰胺酶进行基因分型。结果 316株流感嗜血杆菌对甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑、氨苄西林、阿奇霉素、头孢呋辛和氨苄西林/舒巴坦耐药率分别为67.7%、52.2%、28.5%、26.9%和10.8%,对头孢噻肟、阿莫西林/克拉维酸敏感率均 90%。41.1%(130/316)菌株检测到β-内酰胺酶基因,与表型一致,基因分型均为TEM-1型,未检测到ROB-1型。结论三代头孢和加酶抑制剂抗菌药物(头孢噻肟和氨苄西林/舒巴坦、阿莫西林/克拉维酸)对儿童感染流感嗜血杆菌有较好的抗菌活性;流感嗜血杆菌β-内酰胺酶基因分型均为TEM-1型。     

儿童呼吸道流感嗜血杆菌分离株耐药性与ftsI基因分型研究

目的调查呼吸道感染患儿流感嗜血杆菌分离株的耐药性与ftsI基因的关系。方法 2011年6月—2012年9月,收集呼吸道感染患儿呼吸道标本中分离到的流感嗜血杆菌,用微量肉汤稀释法测定常用抗菌药物最低抑菌浓度(MIC);用Nitrocefin纸片法检测细菌的β内酰胺酶;用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术对分离株进行ftsI基因分型;比较不同ftsI基因型菌株对常用抗菌药物的耐药性。结果473株流感嗜血杆菌中产β内酰胺酶菌株占51.8%(245/473),ftsI基因突变率为33.4%(158/473);β内酰胺酶基因阴性氨苄西林耐药型菌株(gBLNAR)以GroupⅠ/Ⅱ型为主(113/154),68.1%(77/113)的该型菌株对氨苄西林敏感,85.4%(35/41)的gBLNAR GroupⅢ菌株对氨苄西林不敏感;gBLNAR菌株对头孢克洛、头孢呋辛、头孢曲松和阿莫西林-克拉维酸等β内酰胺类抗生素MIC90和耐药率明显高于gBLNAS(敏感)菌株(P0.01),对左氧氟沙星、阿奇霉素和甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲口恶唑等非β内酰胺类抗菌药物的MIC90和耐药率与gBLNAS菌株相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);gBLNAR GroupⅢ菌株对β内酰胺类抗生素的MIC90和耐药率高于gBLNAR GroupⅠ/Ⅱ菌株(P0.01),两者对非β内酰胺类抗菌药物的MIC90和耐药率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论呼吸道感染患儿呼吸道流感嗜血杆菌分离株发生ftsI基因突变的情况较为常见,突变以GroupⅠ/Ⅱ型为主,明显影响氨基青霉素类和某些第二代头孢菌素的抗菌活性。     

2006-2011年杭州市萧山区腹泻儿童分离志贺菌血清型分布及耐药性变迁

目的 调查志贺菌在杭州市萧山区儿童腹泻患者中流行的主要血清型分布和耐药变迁,为临床治疗和预防提供参考依据。 方法 对2006年1月至2011年12月浙江萧山医院临床分离自腹泻儿童志贺菌菌株,进行生化鉴定、血清学分型和抗生素敏感性试验,所有数据用WHONET 5.6软件进行回顾性分析。 结果 318株志贺菌中221株(69.5%)为宋内志贺菌, 96株(30.2%)为福氏志贺菌, 鲍氏志贺菌1株(0.3%);200株(62.9%)分离自年龄组为5岁的婴幼儿;志贺菌对氨苄西林的耐药率最高达97.1%,对复方新诺明耐药率达88.8%,头孢噻肟耐药率为44.7%,未检出头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、亚胺培南和美罗培南耐药株,福氏志贺菌对环丙沙星和左旋氧氟沙星耐药率为44.8%和33.3%,而宋内志贺菌未检出氟喹诺酮类耐药株;福氏志贺菌和宋内志贺菌耐药率在哌拉西林、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、复方新诺明和氟喹诺酮间差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。 结论 杭州市萧山区腹泻儿童志贺菌感染以宋内志贺菌为主,青霉素类和复方新诺明耐药率很高已不适合临床使用,含酶抑制剂抗生素是治疗志贺菌感染的首选药物,哌拉西林、头孢噻肟、环丙沙星和左旋氧氟沙星表现出耐药率上升趋势。     

Elaboration of type b capsule by Haemophilus influenzae as a determinant of pathogenicity and impaired killing by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

In vitro, Haemophilus influenzae strains have two distinct patterns of susceptibility to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ); strains with low minimum inhibitory concentration and high minimum bactericidal concentration (tolerant) and those with both low minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration (kill-sensitive). Tolerant H. influenzae strains were found to elaborate significantly more type b capsular polysaccharide, a linear polymer of ribosyl ribose phosphate (PRP), than kill-sensitive strains. Tolerant strains became susceptible to killing by TMP/SMZ when type b capsule was physically removed, but reacquired tolerance following growth and reversion to original (mucoid) phenotype. Susceptibility of wild (type a, b, c), isogenic (type b and untypable), and transformed (type b and d) strains indicated that elaboration of type b capsule was associated with TMP/SMZ tolerance. In a second series of studies, virulence of H. influenzae in the infant rat model was correlated with in vitro tolerance. Tolerant strains (13/13) caused systemic disease while none (0/7) of kill-sensitive strains were pathogenic. The efficacy of TMP/SMZ in the treatment of invasive infection was evaluated in rats with established bacteremia and meningitis. TMP/SMZ failed to eradicate H. influenzae b from the blood in 85% (17/20) or from the cerebrospinal fluid in 95% (19/20) of infected animals. Thus, in vitro tolerance correlated with therapeutic failure in vivo.     

儿童呼吸道流感嗜血杆菌的耐药性分析

目的了解儿童呼吸道流感嗜血杆菌的临床分布特征和耐药特点,为指导临床合理用药提供科学依据。方法收集儿童痰液标本进行培养并分离出流感嗜血杆菌,用K-B纸片扩散法进行抗菌药物敏感试验,并对其进行β内酰胺酶测定;数据用WHONET5.6统计软件统计分析。结果从12 374份痰液标本中共分离出1 256株流感嗜血杆菌,分离率为10.2%;1 256株流感嗜血杆菌对氨苄西林、甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲口恶唑和氨苄西林-舒巴坦的耐药率分别为37.8%、65.5%和16.5%,对其余测试的抗菌药物耐药率均〈10.0%;β内酰胺酶阳性率为33.5%。结论流感嗜血杆菌对氨苄西林和甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲口恶唑的耐药性较高;该菌对于头孢克洛、氨苄西林-舒巴坦、头孢他啶、头孢克肟、阿奇霉素、环丙沙星、美罗培南、利福平的敏感率均在80.0%以上。产β内酰胺酶是流感嗜血杆菌对氨苄西林的主要耐药机制。     

In Vitro Susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

Thirty-four strains of Haemophilus influenzae (20 ampicillin sensitive and 14 ampicillin resistant), mostly type b isolates from cerebrospinal fluid or blood, were tested for susceptibility to a combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) in a ratio of 1 part TMP to 19 parts SMZ. All strains were very susceptible to the TMP-SMZ combination, with minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.007-0.14 to 0.06-1.18 mug of TMP-SMZ per ml. There was little difference in the susceptibility of the ampicillin-sensitive and ampicillin-resistant strains to TMP-SMZ.     

苏州地区儿童感染流感嗜血杆菌β内酰胺酶基因检测

目的了解苏州地区儿童感染流感嗜血杆菌(Hi)对氨苄西林的耐药情况．并从分子生物学的角度研究其耐药机制。方法对135株Hi临床分离株用K—B法作药敏试验，头孢硝噻吩显色法进行β内酰胺酶测定．PCR法进行β内酰胺酶基因TEM、ROB测定。结果本地区儿童感染Hi对氨苄西林的耐药率为17．8％，所有耐药株均产β内酰胺酶，未发现β内酰胺酶阴性耐氨苄西林Hi(BLNAR)菌株。β内酰胺酶基因TEM的检出率为27．4％(10．4％氨苄西林敏感株也检出TEM基因)，ROB为0．7％(该ROB型株同时携带TEM基因)，发现1株非TEM非ROB型产β内酰胺酶Hi。结论本地区儿童感染Hi对氨苄西林的耐药情况不容乐观，其耐药机制主要是产生β内酰胺酶，且以TEM型为主．携带TEM基因的氨苄西林敏感株的出现．是否预示新一轮氡苄西林耐药株的产生，值得关注。     

Quantitative Inhibition of Haemophilus influenzae by Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole

We evaluated the inhibitory effect of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), alone and in combination, against 34 strains of Haemophilus influenzae. Growth inhibition was determined after incubation for 18 h by comparing viable counts of cultures in drug-containing medium with corresponding counts of control cultures in drug-free medium. In a modified, thymidine-deficient Levinthal broth, the numbers of colony-forming units of all the isolates tested were reduced 100-fold or more by TMP/SMZ (1.25/25 mug/ml) as compared with growth without drug. Inhibition was significantly greater with TMP/SMZ than with either TMP or SMZ alone. Ampicillin-susceptible and ampicillin-resistant strains were equally susceptible to TMP/SMZ. Growth of nontypable strains was inhibited more than growth of type b organisms.     

2018年山西省儿童医院流感嗜血杆菌的分布及耐药情况分析

目的分析儿童患者流感嗜血杆菌临床分离株的分布及耐药情况,为临床合理用药提供参考依据。方法收集2018年山西省儿童医院儿童患者中分离的流感嗜血杆菌1320株。菌株鉴定采用法国梅里埃质谱仪,药敏试验采用纸片扩散法,β内酰胺酶检测采用头孢硝噻吩纸片法。使用WHONET 5.6和SPSS 20.0软件进行数据统计分析。结果流感嗜血杆菌感染多见于3岁以下婴幼儿,以呼吸道感染多见。流感嗜血杆菌感染的分布呈明显的季节性,以冬春季为主,分离到流感嗜血杆菌907株,占全年分离株的68.7%。分离的流感嗜血杆菌中有733株产β内酰胺酶(产酶率为55.7%);β内酰胺酶阴性氨苄西林耐药株(β-lactamase-negative and ampicillin-resistant,BLNAR)89株,占6.8%。流感嗜血杆菌对甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲唑的耐药率最高,为67.0%,其次为氨苄西林,耐药率为62.5%。对头孢呋辛的耐药率为32.3%。对阿莫西林-克拉维酸、阿奇霉素的非敏感率分别为7.2%、28.8%。未检出对左氧氟沙星、第三代头孢菌素、美罗培南不敏感的流感嗜血杆菌菌株。结论2018年山西省儿童医院检出的流感嗜血杆菌,主要来自下呼吸道,3岁以下婴幼儿为易感人群,冬春季为感染高发季节。流感嗜血杆菌对氨苄西林的高耐药率仍与该菌β内酰胺酶高产酶率相关,鉴于此氨苄西林已不宜作为临床一线用药。临床医师应在经验性用药之前,尽快送检患儿疑似感染部位的标本,并根据药敏试验结果选择敏感抗生素及时目标治疗。     

Identification of beta-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae with four methods and eight media

A challenge set of 143 non-beta-lactamase-producing strains of Haemophilus influenzae was tested for ampicillin susceptibility on two broth media and six agar media, using broth microdilution, agar dilution, disk diffusion, and E-test procedures. When beta-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) strains were defined as those for which the ampicillin MIC was > or = 4.0 microg/ml, 5 to 44% of our selected strains were BLNAR depending on the medium and/or test method used. If nonsusceptible strains for which ampicillin MICs were intermediate were included in the BLNAR category, 32 to 50% of our isolates would be considered BLNAR. These data emphasize the need for a standardized testing procedure and a universal definition of BLNAR strains before the clinical relevance of such strains can be evaluated. NCCLS dilution tests with haemophilus test medium broth or agar are preferred for testing ampicillin against H. influenzae.     

In Vitro Sensitivity of Salmonella to Ten Antimicrobial Agents Including Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim, Alone and in Combination

The activities of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), alone and in combination (SMZ-TMP), and of the following antibiotics were tested against 115 clinical isolates of nontyphoid Salmonella species: tobramycin, gentamicin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, neomycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. The methods of disk diffusion, microtiter broth dilution, and agar dilution were employed for all single antimicrobial agents as well as for SMZ-TMP studies. Growth curves were performed in broth. SMZ-TMP, TMP, gentamicin, tobramycin, and neomycin were the most active drugs in vitro. All strains were inhibited by 100 mug of SMZ per ml was required for at least 10% of strains. SMZ and TMP in a ratio of 10:0.5, respectively, inhibited all isolates and were synergistic for 105 strains. All strains inhibited by the combination of 10:0.5 SMZ-TMP had a zone diameter of >/=22 mm by using a combination disk containing 1.25 mug of TMP and 23.75 mug of SMZ. Seven isolates were resistant to >100 mug/ml of ampicillin or amoxicillin; all isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol at 相似文献   

2008—2011年北京协和医院流感嗜血杆菌耐药性监测

目的了解北京协和医院临床分离的流感嗜血杆菌的耐药情况,为临床治疗该菌感染提供参考依据。方法收集2008年1月至2011年12月223株临床分离的流感嗜血杆菌,用纸片扩散法进行抗菌药物敏感试验,并用Nitrocefin纸片检测口内酰胺酶,用WHONET5．6软件对流感嗜血杆菌耐药率进行统计分析。结果流感嗜血杆菌对抗菌药物耐药率居前2位的是四环素和甲氧苄啶一磺胺甲口恶唑。β内酰胺酶阳性氨苄西林耐药的菌株35株（15．7％）,β内酰胺酶阴性氨苄西林耐药的菌株20株（9．0％）。结论流感嗜血杆菌主要分离自呼吸道标本,大多数抗菌药物对流感嗜血杆菌仍然保持较好的抗菌活性,但该菌对甲氧苄啶一磺胺甲口恶唑和四环素的耐药率最高。