中颅窝底脑膜瘤的临床特点及手术治疗研究

目的 探讨中颅窝底脑膜瘤的临床特点、手术治疗方法,以及肿瘤切除程度与疗效之间的关系。方法 回顾性分析空军军医大学第一附属医院神经外科2016年3月—2019年3月收治的24例中颅窝底脑膜瘤患者的临床资料。患者均行显微镜下肿瘤切除术,取额颞开颅,根据肿瘤暴露的需要进行断颧弓或改良眶颧入路。肿瘤切除程度根据Simpson分级判断。结果 本组患者临床表现为头痛者15例、三叉神经功能障碍11例、步态障碍4例、癫痫发作4例。其中达到SimpsonⅠ/Ⅱ级切除者18例,SimpsonⅢ级切除者5例,SimpsonⅣ级切除者1例;无手术死亡患者。术后随访平均2年,2例患者肿瘤复发;其中1例患者为SimpsonⅣ级切除,复发后再次行手术治疗;另1例患者为SimpsonⅢ级切除,病理诊断WHOⅡ级(不典型脑膜瘤,Ki-67指数15%),再次手术治疗后给予适形分割放疗。结论 中颅窝底脑膜瘤手术的入路,在额颞入路的基础上进行断颧弓或改良眶颧入路的个体化设计;尽量行SimpsonⅠ/Ⅱ级切除。对不能达到SimpsonⅠ/Ⅱ切除、非典型或间变性脑膜瘤患者,可早期行适形分割放疗,以防肿瘤复发。     

蝶眶脑膜瘤的外科治疗（附36例分析）

目的总结蝶眶脑膜瘤的诊治经验。方法回顾性分析36例蝶眶脑膜瘤的临床资料,均行额颞眶颧入路手术治疗。结果肿瘤全切除28例,次全切除6例,大部分切除2例。无昏迷、完全肢体偏瘫等严重神经功能缺失,无死亡病例。术后随访6个月-5年,肿瘤复发6例。结论额颞眶颧入路能充分暴露蝶眶脑膜瘤及周围增生骨质,有利于肿瘤切除及正常神经血管的保护,是治疗蝶眶脑膜瘤安全、有效的手术入路。     

眶颧入路切除前中颅窝底病变的临床分析

目的探讨应用美国Barrow神经外科中心改良双瓣法眶颧入路治疗前中颅窝底肿瘤的显微外科手术策略。方法回顾性分析经眶颧入路显微切除的12例前中颅窝底肿瘤患者的临床资料,对手术操作技巧及术后并发症等进行讨论。结果术后头颅MRI示蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤4例、海绵窦区海绵状血管瘤和三叉神经鞘瘤各1例、鞍旁高级别肉瘤1例及鞍区脑膜瘤1例,共8例完全切除; 3例海绵窦区脑膜瘤和1例岩斜区脑膜瘤大部切除。结论改良眶颧入路,对颅前、中颅窝底肿瘤提供了最佳暴露。该入路手术步骤相对简便,并且硬膜外即可处理肿瘤基底,减少肿瘤血供;该入路可以较好地显露前中颅窝底区域,并有效保护病变毗邻重要结构。     

颅眶沟通脑膜瘤的显微外科治疗

目的 探讨颅眶沟通脑膜瘤的临床特点及显微手术疗效。方法 回顾性分析3例颅眶沟通脑膜瘤患者的临床资料,多有病例均接受显微手术肿瘤切除,其中额颞眶颧入路2例,眶额颧入路1例结果2例肿瘤全切,1例肿瘤近全切除。术后患者眼球突出均明显改善;患者视力改善2例,视力较术前无明显改善1例。术后未见脑脊液漏,颅内感染等严重并发症。术后随访4~10个月,平均6个月,未见肿瘤复发。结论 显微外科手术切除颅眶沟通脑膜瘤可显著缓解患者症状,术后恢复快,并发症少,是一种安全有效的手术方式。     

颅眶沟通脑膜瘤的显微外科治疗

目的探讨颅眶沟通脑膜瘤的临床特点及显微手术疗效。方法回顾性分析3例颅眶沟通脑膜瘤患者的临床资料,多有病例均接受显微手术肿瘤切除,其中额颞眶颧入路2例,眶额颧入路1例结果 2例肿瘤全切,1例肿瘤近全切除。术后患者眼球突出均明显改善;患者视力改善2例,视力较术前无明显改善1例。术后未见脑脊液漏,颅内感染等严重并发症。术后随访4～10个月,平均6个月,未见肿瘤复发。结论显微外科手术切除颅眶沟通脑膜瘤可显著缓解患者症状,术后恢复快,并发症少,是一种安全有效的手术方式。     

前颅窝底脑膜瘤手术入路的选择与评价

目的：探讨和评价切除前颅窝底脑膜瘤的最佳手术入路,方法：回顾性分析我科手术治疗的前颅窝底脑膜瘤68例,将其分为前部和后部二组,大,中,小三型,采用5种不同的手术入路,比较全切除率,手术结果和并发症发生情况。结果：肿瘤的全切除率与肿瘤大小和部位有关。中,小型肿瘤和前部肿瘤的全切除率较高,翼点入路和眶颧入路明显优于双侧或单侧额下入路,全切除率高,术后并发症少和手术效果好,结论：前颅窝底前部脑膜瘤宜采用眶颧侧裂入路,后部脑膜瘤宜采用翼点侧裂入路切除肿瘤,双侧额下入路应尽量少用。     

颅眶交界区肿瘤的分型及手术治疗

目的探讨颅眶交界区肿瘤的分型及手术方法。方法根据肿瘤主体位置和侵袭方向,将32例颅眶交界区肿瘤分为眶颅型（7例）、颅眶型（11例）、颅鼻眶型（8例）和眶尖-视神经管型（6例）。均行显微手术切除肿瘤,其中采用经额下硬膜外入路11例,眶-翼点入路15例,额颞眶颧入路6例;对8例颅鼻眶型肿瘤联合使用经鼻内镜、鼻侧切开入路。术后按颅底缺损位置和范围分别采用游离骨膜瓣、人工脑膜补片及带蒂膜瓣修补硬膜缺损,并用钛板修复颅底骨缺损。结果肿瘤全切除27例,次全切除5例。无手术死亡及颅内感染、脑脊液漏、搏动性突眼等严重并发症发生。结论根据肿瘤主体位置和侵袭方向进行肿瘤分型和选择手术入路,显微手术切除颅眶交界区肿瘤,同时修复颅底缺损,能提高手术疗效和减少术后严重并发症的发生。     

大型、巨大型岩斜区脑膜瘤的显微外科治疗

目的 探讨岩斜区脑膜瘤的手术切除程度,总结显微外科手术经验.方法 回顾性分析26例大型、巨大型岩斜区脑膜瘤患者的临床资料,采用显微外科手术切除肿瘤,其中颞下经小脑幕入路7例,枕下乙状窦后入路15例,幕上、下联合入路(颞下入路联合乙状窦后入路)2例,眶颧入路2例.结果 肿瘤全切(Simpson Ⅰ、Ⅱ级)13例,次全切(SimpsonⅢ级)4例,大部切除(Simpson Ⅳ级)9例.结论 追求肿瘤最大程度地切除并尽可能减少术后并发症的发生,根据肿瘤大小、生长方式、侵犯区域等因素个体化选择不同的手术入路.     

鞍结节脑膜瘤显微手术治疗策略

目的探讨鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微手术切除策略。方法回顾性分析82例鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床资料,均采用显微手术切除。经额外侧入路44例,经眶-额外侧入路28例,经眶-颧-额-颞入路7例,经翼点入路3例。术中磨除前床突和视神经管顶及外侧嵴,切除侵入视神经管内的肿瘤27例;磨除鞍结节,经蝶窦切除鞍前壁肿瘤12例。结果肿瘤SimpsonⅠ、Ⅱ级切除75例(91.5%),SimpsonⅢ级切除7例(8.5%);术后视力改善和稳定151只眼(92.1%),视力恶化13只眼(7.9%)。术后出现不同程度下丘脑症状2例,术后偏瘫1例,无手术死亡病例。结论正确选择手术入路,采用熟练的显微颅底外科技术是获得良好手术效果的保证。额外侧入路能提供良好的手术空间和视野,术后视觉症状改善明显。术中打开视神经管,仔细辨别并保护蛛网膜屏障中的小血管,是保障肿瘤全切除和术后视力恢复的关键。     

颅眶沟通性肿瘤显微手术探讨

目的讨论颅眶沟通性肿瘤的特点及手术治疗方法。方法35例颅眶沟通性肿瘤病人中,采用额下硬膜外入路手术切除4例,额颞眶颧入路2例,眶上-翼点入路10例,改良翼点入路17例,翼点和颞下联合入路2例。先切除颅内肿瘤,再开眶切除眶内肿瘤。结果肿瘤全切29例,次全切4例,部分切除2例,肿瘤全切率为82.9%（29/35）。结论对于颅眶沟通性肿瘤,充分的术前准备,正确的手术入路选择,细致的术中操作,耐心的颅底重建以及多科的协调合作,是手术成功的重要保证。     

Significance of the simultaneous combined transcranial and endoscopic endonasal approach for prevention of postoperative CSF leak after surgery for lateral skull base meningioma

Lateral skull base meningiomas, particularly sphenoorbital meningiomas, sometimes extend extremely widely into adjacent structures including the paranasal sinuses. For endonasal skull base reconstruction using a vascularized nasoseptal flap for prevention of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, the simultaneous combined transcranial and endoscopic endonasal approach was applied for resection of these extensive tumors. We performed a retrospective review of four patients treated with the simultaneous combined transcranial and endoscopic endonasal approach for resection of lateral skull base meningiomas. Preoperative characteristics, tumor extent, extent of resection, complications, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. The tumor extended into the paranasal sinus, infratemporal fossa, and pterygopalatine fossa in all patients. Extracranial extension into the cavernous sinus or superior orbital fissure was detected in two and three patients, respectively. In one patient without extension into the cavernous sinus and superior orbital fissure, gross total resection was achieved, whereas in the other three patients, subtotal resection was performed, and small residual masses of the tumor remained in the cavernous sinus or superior orbital fissure to minimize the risk of postoperative ocular nerve damage. No patients experienced postoperative CSF leak. The simultaneous combined transcranial and endoscopic endonasal approach is useful for a subgroup of patients with lateral skull base meningiomas for prevention of postoperative CSF leak. Particularly in recurrent cases in which vascularized flaps from the transcranial side are likely unavailable due to prior tumor resection, this combined approach is worth considering depending on tumor extension into the paranasal sinus.     

鞍结节脑膜瘤显微手术治疗体会

目的 探讨鞍结节脑膜瘤手术入路选择、手术技巧及临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2000年2月至2006年10月手术治疗的45例鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床资料,14例经单侧额下入路,15例经翼点入路,9例经眶额翼点入路,7例扩大经额入路.结果 肿瘤全切除42例,大部分切除3例;术后视力改善33例,无明显变化9例,3例恶化.结论 根据肿瘤大小、部位、生长方式及毗邻关系选择正确的手术入路并结合熟练的显微外科手术操作是全切除肿瘤及获得良好临床疗效的关键.

Abstract：

Objective To study the surgical approaches, operative techniques and curative effects of tuberculum sellae meningiomas. Method Retrospective analysis was made on 45 cases of tuberculum sellae meningiomas operated with a variety of surgical approaches. In 14 patients,the tumors were removed through unilateral subfrontal approach, 15 through pterional approach,9 through fronto - orbital craniotomy and 7 through extended frontal approach. Results Of the 45 cases, tumor was totally removed in 42 cases, subtotally removed in 3. Postoperatively, the eyesight was improved in 33 cases, unchanged in 9 cases, and worse in 3 cases. Conclusions The surgical approach for tuberculum sellae meningioma should be chosen according to the size, location, growth pattern and adjacent relation of tumor. The microsurgical skill is the key for total removal of tumor and good curative effect.     

经翼点入路鞍上脑膜瘤的手术并发症及预防

目的 探讨经翼点入路显微手术切除鞍上脑膜瘤的常见并发症及相关因素，总结其预防方法。方法 回顾性分析160例鞍上脑膜瘤的临床资料。结果 160例鞍上脑膜瘤全切141例(88．1％)，次全切19例(11．9％)，视神经功能改善125例(78．1％)，垂体柄保留155例(96．8％)；主要并发症包括视力恶化(7．5％)，尿崩(16．9％)，电解质紊乱(8．8％)，偏瘫(3．8％)等。手术死亡1例(0．6％)，复发3例(2．5％)。结论 熟悉鞍区的显微解剖和熟练掌握显微外科技术是减少手术并发症的关键，术中须沿肿瘤周围的蛛网膜界面分离和切除肿瘤，仔细辨认并保护好向视器、垂体柄、下丘脑供血的穿支动脉。     

鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的 探讨鞍结节脑膜瘤的手术入路及显微手术治疗效果。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2018年1月显微手术治疗的46例鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床资料,经单侧额下-纵裂入路19例,额外侧入路13例,翼点入路9例,眶上锁孔入路5例。结果 Simpson Ⅰ级切除32例,Ⅱ级切除9例,Ⅲ级切除5例。术后出现短暂尿崩2例,1例经眶上锁孔入路肿瘤切除术后出现脑脊液鼻漏,无死亡病例。全部病人术后随访6~50个月,平均26个月。术前28例视力障碍中,24例视力改善,2例加重,2例失明未恢复。肿瘤复发3例。结论 根据肿瘤部位、大小、生长方式,选择合适的手术入路,以及术中注意保护肿瘤比邻重要结构,是提高鞍结节脑膜瘤手术疗效、减少并发症的关键。     

前床突脑膜瘤的手术效果分析

目的探讨前床突脑膜瘤的手术效果以及影响肿瘤能否全切除的因素。方法回顾性分析1996年6月至2020年6月于海军军医大学附属长征医院神经外科行手术治疗的145例前床突脑膜瘤患者的临床资料。145例患者中,采用标准翼点入路84例,改良翼点入路46例,眶颧入路15例。通过Simpson分级评估肿瘤切除程度。通过单因素和多因素logistic回归分析方法探讨影响肿瘤切除程度的因素。通过临床随访评估症状的改善情况,行影像学随访评估肿瘤有无复发结果145例患者中,肿瘤全切除(Simpson Ⅰ~Ⅲ级)98例(67.6%),肿瘤部分切除(Simpson Ⅳ级)或单纯减压(Simpson Ⅴ级)47例(32.4%)。121例患者获随访,随汸时间为1~24(7.6±5.2)年术前视力下降的62例患者中,术后视力较术前改善32例(51.6%),无变化25例(40.3%),下降5例(8.1%)。随访期间肿瘤全切除患者的复发率为3.8%(3/78),未全切除患者的肿瘤复发或进展的比率为23.3%(10/43)。单因素分析结果表明,肿瘤的最大径、肿瘤对颈内动脉和海绵窦的侵袭程度及术前视力下降可能与肿瘤的切除程度有关(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,肿瘤最大径(OR=3.21,95%CI:1.05~10.39,P<0.01)、肿瘤对颈内动脉及海绵窦的侵袭程度(OR=7.25,95%CI:2.35~21.64,P<0.01)为影响肿瘤全切除的独立危险因素,肿瘤最大径≤3 cm及肿瘤未完全包绕颈内动脉或未侵及海绵窦的患者手术全切除率较高,分别为74.8%(89/119)和82.8%(72/87)。结论对于前床突脑膜瘤,根据具体情况采用相应的手术策略,可获得较高的肿瘤全切除率,且复发率低。最大径<3 cm以及仅部分包绕颈内动脉或未侵及海绵窦的前床突脑膜瘤更易获得全切除。     

侧方入路在鞍区及鞍旁复杂型脑膜瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨侧方入路显微手术切除鞍区及鞍旁复杂型脑膜瘤的治疗效果。方法根据肿瘤大小、位置、生长方式等影像学特点,选择侧方入路显微手术切除鞍区及鞍旁复杂型脑膜瘤58例,包括翼点入路37例,扩大翼点入路8例,颞下入路10例及经乙状窦前后入路3例,术中避免损伤下丘脑和重要的神经、血管等。结果肿瘤SimpsonⅠ～Ⅱ级切除49例,Ⅲ级切除6例,Ⅳ级切除3例。无手术死亡及严重并发症发生。术前神经功能症状均获不同程度改善。随访3个月～3年,复发5例。结论正确运用侧方入路治疗鞍区及鞍旁复杂型脑膜瘤可获良好疗效;娴熟的显微外科操作技巧是提高疗效、减少并发症的保证。     

Bilateral sphenoorbital hyperostotic meningiomas with proptosis and visual impairment: a therapeutic challenge. Report of three patients and review of the literature

Objective

Bilateral hyperostotic sphenoorbital meningiomas are extremely uncommon. Due to extensive infiltration of the orbits and the frontotemporal skull base, often only a subtotal tumor resection is feasible. Thus far, no treatment algorithms have been suggested for this rare tumor entity. We report on the surgical management of 3 patients.

Methods

All 3 patients underwent a pterional approach for surgical resection. Surgery was performed in two stages, primarily treating the most affected side. Treatment consisted of microsurgical resection of the infiltrated sphenoid wing and orbital walls, intraorbital tumor removal and optic nerve decompression. Orbital wall reconstruction was performed using titanium mesh allografts. Radiation therapy was administered in 1 patient with residual tumor infiltration of the cavernous sinus.

Results

Our series includes 2 women (51 and 68 years old) suffering from simultaneous progressive bilateral loss of vision and proptosis and 1 woman (69 years old) who developed contralateral disease after surgical resection of a hyperostotic sphenoorbital meningioma 16 years earlier. After optic nerve decompression, vision improved in 2 cases after surgery. Initial visual deterioration was observed in 1 case but improved on longterm follow-up. The degree of proptosis was reduced in all treated eyes.

Conclusion

In bilateral hyperostotic sphenoorbital meningiomas we propose staged surgery when clinical and radiological progression is observed. Subtotal tumor resection with the aim of optic nerve decompression and subsequent orbital reconstruction provides satisfactory results. The most affected eye should be treated first. In case of additional cavernous sinus infiltration, focal radiation therapy can be considered.     

Management of meningiomas

The primary treatment of meningiomas is surgery which can be curative if the tumor is completely removed. For parasagittal, lateral sphenoid wing and olfactory groove meningiomas, gross-total resection should be the goal. Tuberculum and diaphragma sella meningiomas can be resected through the subfrontal or the pterional approaches. In meningiomas of the sphenoid wing with osseous involvement or involvement of the cavernous sinus subtotal resection can be achieved via several surgical approaches. Similarly, subtotal resection rather than gross-total resection of meningiomas of the petroclival, parasellar, and posterior fossa regions can preserve neurological function. Prior to surgery, embolization may reduce intraoperative bleeding and prevent postoperative complications. Stereotactic radiosurgery can be used as an alternative treatment to surgery either as a first-line treatment or at recurrence. Various conventional radiotherapy techniques can be employed for residual tumor post surgery or at recurrence. Chemotherapy has modest activity and is reserved for selected cases.     

经额底纵裂入路在切除颅咽管瘤显微外科切除手术中的应用

目的 探讨经额底纵裂入路在切除颅咽管瘤显微外科手术中的应用及临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析53例采用经额底纵裂入路和46例采用经翼点入路手术治疗的颅咽管瘤患者的临床资料.分析比较经额底纵裂入路与翼点入路患者的肿瘤切除率及术后并发症的发生率.结果 额底纵裂入路组44例患者的肿瘤全切除,全切率为83.0％;翼点入路组36例患者...