局部应用胰岛素对烫伤大鼠创面愈合的影响

目的观察局部应用小剂量胰岛素对烫伤大鼠创面愈合的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制.方法制作深Ⅱ度烫伤大鼠模型.部分大鼠创面下浸润注射0.1、1.0 U胰岛素,分别设为B、C组;以创面下浸润注射等渗盐水(A组)和腹部皮下注射0.1 U胰岛素(D组)的烫伤大鼠作为对照.记录各组创面愈合时间,伤后3 d起隔日计算A、B、C组的创面愈合百分率.观察各组创面愈合后的组织形态学改变,采用流式细胞仪对各组创面表皮细胞进行细胞周期分析,并测定血糖浓度的变化. 结果A、B、C、D组创面愈合时间分别为(24.57±5.19)、(18.36±4.12)、(21.46±2.97)、(24.50±1.05)d,B组较其他3组明显缩短(P<0.01).伤后5、9、11、13、15、17、19 d B组创面愈合率均明显高于A组,且伤后17 d时明显高于C组(P<0.05～0.01).组织形态学观察可见A组表皮层薄,钉脚数量少,真皮层内多见纤维细胞;B、C组表皮层增厚,钉脚数量多,真皮层内多见成纤维细胞.B组伤后4 d S期细胞比例明显高于A组(P<0.01);B组伤后4、5 d G2-M期细胞比例均明显高于A、C组(P<0.05～0.01).烫伤后24 h A组血糖波动在3.42～4.62 mmol/L;B组血糖变化规律与A组相似;C、D组注射后1 h血糖明显降低(P<0.01),注射后4 h逐渐恢复正常.结论局部应用小剂量胰岛素能明显地促进烫伤大鼠创面愈合,胰岛素可加速修复细胞的增殖分裂可能是其作用机制之一.     

胰岛素及血糖调控与烧伤创面愈合

创面愈合是机体通过自身的再生能力,为恢复其表面的连续性和完整性,维持内环境稳定所进行的一系列修复活动 [1]。近年来,胰岛素及血糖调控对热力烧伤创面的影响日益受到重视。胰岛素作为经典的内分泌激素,它不仅在机体营养与代谢、机体免疫方面,而且在应激、组织降解和心脑器官     

改良负压封闭引流联合创面胰岛素滴注技术治疗糖尿病足的疗效评估与分析

目的评估与分析改良负压封闭引流联合创面胰岛素滴注技术治疗糖尿病足的临床疗效。方法纳入自2016-01—2019-12治疗的50例糖尿病足(2型糖尿病且足部溃疡至少2周),观察组28例清创后采用改良负压封闭引流联合胰岛素创面局部滴注治疗,对照组22例清创后采用改良负压封闭引流联合生理盐水创面局部滴注治疗。结果观察组肉芽组织覆盖率高于对照组,肉芽组织厚度大于对照组,细菌清除率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗后TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、VCAM-1表达明显低于对照组,而VEGF、TGF、EGF表达高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组采用皮瓣覆盖创面的比例低于对照组,且植皮成活率与皮瓣成活率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论糖尿病足创面采用改良负压封闭引流联合胰岛素滴注灌洗技术治疗可获得满意的临床疗效,该方法既保留了负压封闭引流技术治疗创面的优点,又融入了持续灌洗技术的优点,同时加入了胰岛素起到降糖、抗炎促进创面愈合的作用,降低了并发症发生的风险。     

负压创面治疗结合植皮术修复糖尿病足溃疡的临床研究

目的:通过与生物敷料覆盖结合植皮术比较,探讨负压创面治疗(NPWT)结合植皮术修复糖尿病足溃疡的临床疗效与优势。方法:回顾分析2010年6月～2012年1月入院治疗的18例糖尿病足溃疡患者,根据治疗方法不同分为两组。两组患者性别、年龄、病程、溃疡面积等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。生物敷料覆盖组(对照组)10例患者,入院后行清创,创面覆盖生物敷料(异种脱细胞真皮基质),换药至创基肉芽新鲜,再予以植皮术。NPWT组8例患者,入院后行清创,应用封闭负压引流技术(VSD),酌情更换VSD至创基肉芽新鲜后,再予以植皮术,术后继续应用VSD。观察记录两组创基准备时间、植皮成活例数、住院天数及溃疡复发例数,并进行统计学分析。结果:对照组:创基准备时间为(25.8±12.4)天,植皮术后2周4例患者创面移植皮片完全成活,6例患者经二次植皮或换药愈合,住院时间(42.7±26.7)天,出院后随访6个月,5例患者创面溃疡复发。NPWT组:创基准备时间(14.7±13.1)天,植皮术后2周8例患者创面植皮完全成活,住院时间(29.6±12.3)天,随访6个月无溃疡复发。与对照组比较,NPWT组患者创基准备与住院时间显著缩短(P<0.01),植皮成活率显著增高(P<0.05),出院后溃疡复发率显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:应用NPWT修复糖尿病足溃疡的疗效明显优于生物敷料覆盖技术。NPWT可缩短糖尿病足溃疡创基准备和住院时间,确保植皮成活,防止溃疡复发。     

局部联合应用NGF及胰岛素对糖尿病大鼠烫伤创面血管形成及Bcl-2、Bax表达的影响

目的探讨局部应用NGF联合胰岛素对糖尿病大鼠烫伤创面血管中凋亡相关因子Bcl-2、Bax表达的影响及创面愈合的机制。方法取75只清洁级雄性Wistar大鼠,体重200～220 g,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、糖尿病对照组(B组)、胰岛素治疗组(C组)、NGF治疗组(D组)、NGF联合胰岛素治疗组(E组),每组15只。B、C、D、E组大鼠采用两步给药法腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)建立糖尿病模型,STZ剂量分别为第1天10 mg/kg,第3天50 mg/kg;A组给予相同剂量柠檬酸缓冲液。模型制备后1个月,采用水蒸气烫伤法于各组大鼠背部制备2个深Ⅱ度烫伤创面。烫伤模型制备后,A、B组创面外敷3层生理盐水纱布;C组创面外敷3层浸润5 U胰岛素诺和灵30R的纱布,并每日腹部皮下注射诺和灵30R 4～6 U/kg;D组创面外敷3层浸润5 mL NGF溶液(25 U/mL)的纱布;E组联合C、D组方法处理。观察大鼠一般情况,伤后7、11、15、21 d大体观察各组创面愈合情况并计算创面愈合率,伤后3、7、11、15、21 d取创面组织行组织学及免疫组织化学染色观察,检测创面Bcl-2、Bax、CD34的表达并计算微血管密度。结果各组大鼠均存活至实验完成。随时间延长,各组创面逐渐缩小,其中E组创面愈合速度、皮肤角化、毛发生长及肉芽组织和胶原纤维生长均优于其余各组。伤后各时间点E组创面愈合率均高于其余各组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。伤后随时间延长,各组CD34、Bcl-2表达逐渐增强,至15 d达高峰,21 d表达减弱;E组各时间点表达均强于其他各组(P<0.05)。伤后3 d各组均未见Bax表达,7 d后开始见新生血管内皮细胞Bax表达,且随时间延长表达逐渐增强,其中E组表达强度均低于其余各组(P<0.05)。结论局部联合应用NGF和胰岛素可通过抑制创面血管内皮细胞凋亡、增加创面血管生成,促进糖尿病大鼠创面愈合。     

中西医结合治疗糖尿病足难愈创面49例临床观察

目的:观察肤疾骨宁片2号及肤疾骨宁膏对糖尿病足难愈创面愈合的疗效.方法:49例Ⅱ型糖尿病足难愈创面在综合治疗的基础上,应用内服肤疾骨宁片2号及外敷肤疾骨宁膏治疗.结果:49例中39例治愈,6例好转,4例无效.结论:肤疾骨宁片2号及肤疾骨宁膏可促进糖尿病足难愈创面的愈合.     

生肌膏对糖尿病足患者的疗效及对其创面愈合相关指标及预后的影响分析研究

目的:探究生肌膏对糖尿病足患者的疗效及对创面愈合相关指标和预后的影响。方法:选取我科收治的120例糖尿病足患者,根据治疗方式的不同,分为研究组及对照组两组(各60例),其中对照组采用常规治疗,研究组在常规治疗基础上联合生肌膏治疗,比较两组患者的临床疗效、中医证候积分、相关血清指标及生活质量评分等差异。结果:治疗后,研究组患者的创面相关愈合指标均较对照组明显改善(P<0.05);治疗后研究组患者患足的中医证候积分均较对照组明显改善(P<0.05);治疗后研究组患者的血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)均较对照组明显改善(P<0.05);1个月后,研究组患者的生活质量评分显著高于对照组患者(P<0.05)。结论:生肌膏对糖尿病足患者的疗效较佳,不仅可促进创面愈合,还可提高患者的生活质量,值得临床推广应用。     

糖尿病足的创面处理

糖尿病足是糖尿病的严重并发症之一,也是导致患者致残、致死的重要原因.本人总结多年的临床经验,就糖尿病足创面的局部处理简介如下.     

小剂量胰岛素局部应用促进血管瘤术后创面愈合的临床研究

目的:探讨小剂量胰岛素局部应用促进血管瘤术后创面愈合的临床价值。方法:选择2013年2月—2014年2月收治的血管瘤患者58例,均有手术切除指征,未行其他治疗。将其随机分为空白对照组(n=16)、大剂量胰岛素组(n=19)、小剂量胰岛素组(n=23)。空白对照组在手术创面皮下局部注射生理盐水,大剂量胰岛素组创面皮下局部注射1.0 U长效混悬锌胰岛素,小剂量胰岛素组创面皮下局部注射0.1U长效混悬锌胰岛素。结果:三组患者治疗前创面面积的比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后6 d和12 d小剂量胰岛素组比其余两组创面面积显著减少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);小剂量胰岛素组的创口收缩率显著提高,愈合时间显著降低,创面感染率明显降低和甲级愈合比例显著提高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后6 d和12 d小剂量胰岛素组的组织病理学评分显著增高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:小剂量胰岛素局部应用可能有效促进血管瘤术后的创面愈合。     

胰岛素创面换药治疗糖尿病溃疡

糖尿病患慢性溃疡创面，经久不愈，治疗非常困难，给病人带来很多痛苦。本院自1998～2000．8应用胰岛素创面换药治疗19例取得了很好疗效，现报告如下。     

Relationship between maceration and wound healing on diabetic foot ulcers in Indonesia: a prospective study

The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between maceration and wound healing. A prospective longitudinal design was used in this study. The wound condition determined the type of dressings used and the dressing change frequency. A total of 62 participants with diabetic foot ulcers (70 wounds) were divided into two groups: non‐macerated (n = 52) and macerated wounds (n = 18). Each group was evaluated weekly using the Bates–Jensen Wound Assessment Tool, with follow‐ups until week 4. The Mann–Whitney U test showed that the changes in the wound area in week 1 were faster in the non‐macerated group than the macerated group (P = 0·02). The Pearson correlation analysis showed a moderate correlation between maceration and wound healing from enrolment until week 4 (P = 0·002). After week 4, the Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the non‐macerated wounds healed significantly faster than the macerated wounds (log‐rank test = 19·378, P = 0·000). The Cox regression analysis confirmed that maceration was a significant and independent predictor of wound healing in this study (adjusted hazard ratio, 0·324; 95% CI, 0·131–0·799; P = 0·014). The results of this study demonstrated that there is a relationship between maceration and wound healing. Changes in the wound area can help predict the healing of wounds with maceration in clinical settings.     

Safety,efficacy and pitfalls of fibrocyte application in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer

Fibrocytes are unique bone marrow‐derived cells with great potential in wound healing. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of the applied circulating fibrocytes in the treatment of non healing diabetic foot ulcers. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by centrifugation through Ficoll–Paque method. After 3 days, the non adherent cells were removed by a single, gentle aspiration. Adherent cells were cultured in the same medium for 10 days. The cells were characterised using mouse anti‐human‐CD45‐fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and mouse anti‐human–collagen I, and also characterised by immunofluorescence microscopy using the above mentioned antibodies. Sterility measures were applied for clinical evaluation. Based on the literature review, cell transplantation generally requires at least 3 × 10⁶ cells regarding efficacy measures. As fibrocytes are non proliferating cells, 350 ml patient's blood is required to prepare patient‐specific serum before cell isolation and culture, and 85 ml patient's blood is needed for cell isolation and differentiation on cell transplantation applications. In our survey, no diabetic patient was inclined to be donor of such blood volume, mainly because of their pre‐assumption that they are anaemic. It is concluded that fibrocytes do not seem to be candidate cells for cell therapy in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers because of the rarity of this cell population in circulation.     

Intralesional administration of epidermal growth factor‐based formulation (Heberprot‐P) in chronic diabetic foot ulcer: treatment up to complete wound closure

Previous studies have shown that an epidermal growth factor‐based formulation (Heberprot‐P) can enhance granulation of high‐grade diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). The aim of this study was to explore the clinical effects of this administration up to complete wound closure. A pilot study in 20 diabetic patients with full‐thickness lower extremity ulcers of more than 4 weeks of evolution was performed. Mean ulcer size was 16·3 ± 21·3 cm². Intralesional injections of 75 μg of Heberprot‐P three times per week were given up to complete wound healing. Full granulation response was achieved in all 20 patients in 23·6 ± 3·8 days. Complete wound closure was obtained in 17 (85%) cases in 44·3 ± 8·9 days. Amputation was not necessary in any case and only one relapse was notified. The most frequent adverse events were tremors, chills, pain and ardour at site of administration and local infection. The therapeutic scheme of intralesional Heberprot‐P administration up to complete closure can be safe and suitable to improve the therapeutic goal in terms of healing of chronic DFU.     

Use of a Nanoflex powder dressing for wound management following debridement for necrotising fasciitis in the diabetic foot

This paper discusses the application of Nanoflex powder dressing for management of complex soft tissue wounds. A case report is presented detailing the management of a 43‐year‐old Native American woman with diabetes mellitus who required serial debridements for necrotising fasciitis. Following debridement, the patient was left with a large dorsal foot wound and was transitioned through multiple advanced wound healing modalities. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) was initially utilised in the early postoperative setting to control drainage and to promote granulation tissue; the patient was subsequently transitioned to a Nanoflex powder dressing on postoperative day 4. She reported a decrease in pain associated with dressing changes when transitioned from NPWT to the use of Nanoflex powder dressing. We hypothesise that this pain reduction is the result of a light cooling effect of the exudate‐controlling dressing and subsequent reduction in inflammation as well as the total contact nature of the dressing. Nanoflex powder dressings are a recently developed advanced wound healing modality with promise in the management of complex soft tissue wounds, both as a primary wound dressing as well as a delivery platform for analgesics, antimicrobials and pro‐angiogenic compounds.     

糖尿病足感染者创面肉芽组织细胞自噬相关蛋白表达

目的分析糖尿病足感染对患者创面肉芽组织细胞自噬相关蛋白表达的影响,为治疗糖尿病足感染提供理论依据。 方法选取自2013年1月至2017年7月恩施土家族苗族自治州中心医院接诊的88例糖尿病足感染者为研究对象,将正处于感染期44例患者作为观察组,将感染控制后44例患者作为对照组。根据踝肱指数(ABI)分组：观察组患者中20例缺血患者作为缺血组,24例非缺血患者作为非缺血组。提取患者创面组织,进一步处理后采用免疫组织化学染色和蛋白质印迹法进行检测,观察记录患者的姓名、年龄、身高、体重、病程等基本信息,密切观察患者病情变化,详细记录患者创面组织细胞自噬蛋白微管结合轻链蛋白-3(LC3)、自噬特异性基因(Beclin-1)和泛素结合蛋白(p62)等指标。 结果免疫组织化学染色法显示：观察组患者LC3和Beclin-1水平均显著低于对照组患者(t= 3.638、P = 0.011,t = 2.682、P= 0.022),p62水平高于对照组患者(t = 4.998、P = 0.009),差异均有统计学意义。非缺血组患者LC3和Beclin-1水平均显著高于缺血组患者(t= 2.837、P = 0.018,t = 3.028、P = 0.012),p62水平低于缺血组患者(t = 3.562,P= 0.010),差异均有统计学意义。观察组患者Beclin-1灰度值低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t = 3.522,P= 0.013),而p62灰度值高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t = 6.927、P= 0.004);两组患者LC3灰度值差异无统计学意义(t = 1.037、P= 0.056)。 结论糖尿病足感染会导致患者细胞自噬水平降低,合并缺血患者细胞自噬水平进一步降低,糖尿病足感染控制后,细胞自噬水平升高。     

负压封闭引流促进糖尿病足溃疡的愈合

目的分析负压封闭引流(vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)能否促进糖尿病足溃疡的愈合。方法回顾分析自2015年1月至2019年12月,北部战区总医院烧伤整形科收治的糖尿病足溃疡患者60例,并根据患者的治疗方式分为常规治疗组(30例)和VSD治疗组(30例)。统计对比分析两组患者的平均换药次数、平均愈合时间、疼痛程度及满意度。搜集治疗前和治疗14 d后的肉芽组织进行HE染色和VEGF免疫组化染色,分析创面愈合情况以及VEGF的表达情况。结果VSD治疗组换药次数[(5.40±0.28)次]显著少于常规治疗组[(31.41±1.11)次],组间比较P<0.05;VSD治疗组平均愈合时间(29.38±0.63)d显著短于常规治疗组(50.81±2.15)d,组间比较P<0.05;VSD治疗组患者的痛苦程度明显轻于常规治疗组,满意度显著优于常规治疗组,组间比较P<0.05。结论VSD治疗能够促进创面成纤维细胞的增殖、减少炎性细胞的浸润、促进VEGF的表达及创面的愈合。     

Management of negative pressure wound therapy in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers

Diabetic foot (DF) is a common complication of diabetes and the first cause of hospital admission in diabetic patients. In recent years several guidelines have been proposed to reinforce the the management of DF with a notable increase in diabetes knowledge and an overall reduction of amputations. Significant improvements have been reached in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and nowadays clinicians have several advanced medications to apply for the best local therapy. Among these, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a useful adjunct in the management of chronic and complex wounds to promote healing and wound bed preparation for surgical procedures such as skin grafts and flap surgery. NPWT has shown remarkable results although its mechanisms of action are not completely understood. In this paper, we offer a complete overview of this medication and its implication in the clinical setting. We have examined literature related to NPWT concerning human, animal and in vitro studies, and we have summarized why, when and how we can use NPWT to treat DFUs. Further we have associated our clinical experience to scientific evidence in the field of diabetic foot to identify a defined strategy that could guide clinician in the use of NPWT approaching to DFUs.     

Outcome predictors for wound healing in patients with a diabetic foot ulcer

The aim of this study was to identify diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) patients at risk for the development of a hard‐to‐heal wound. This is a post‐hoc analysis of a prospective cohort study including a total of 208 patients with a DFU. The primary endpoints were time to healing and the development of a hard‐to‐heal‐wound. Univariable and multivariable logistic and Cox regression analysis were used to study the associations of patient characteristics with the primary endpoints. The number of previous DFUs [odds ratio (OR): 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01‐1.99, P = .04], University of Texas (UT) classification grade 2 (OR: 2.93, 95% CI: 1.27‐6.72, P = .01), UT classification grade 3 (OR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.17‐6.71, P = .02), and a diagnosis of foot stand deformation (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 0.77‐3.08, P = .05) were significantly associated with the development of a hard‐to‐heal wound. Only UT classification grade 3 (HR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.41‐0.90, P = .01) was associated with time to healing. The number of previous DFUs, UT classification grade, and a diagnosis of foot deformation are significantly associated with development of a hard‐to‐heal wound in patients with a DFU. The only predictor significantly associated with time to healing was UT classification grade 3. These patient characteristics can be used to identify patients at risk for the development of hard‐to‐heal wounds, who might need an early intervention to prevent wound problems.     

Literature review on the management of diabetic foot ulcer

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is the most costly and devastating complication of diabetes mellitus, which affect 15% of diabetic patients during their lifetime. Based on National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence strategies, early effective management of DFU can reduce the severity of complications such as preventable amputations and possible mortality, and also can improve overall quality of life. The management of DFU should be optimized by using a multidisciplinary team, due to a holistic approach to wound management is required. Based on studies, blood sugar control, wound debridement, advanced dressings and offloading modalities should always be a part of DFU management. Furthermore, surgery to heal chronic ulcer and prevent recurrence should be considered as an essential component of management in some cases. Also, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, electrical stimulation, negative pressure wound therapy, bio-engineered skin and growth factors could be used as adjunct therapies for rapid healing of DFU. So, it’s suggested that with appropriate patient education encourages them to regular foot care in order to prevent DFU and its complications.