Th1/Th2与重症胰腺炎

Th1/Th2型淋巴细胞是近年来研究的热点。目前已知它与多种疾病有关,但在重症胰腺炎中的研究较少。已有研究提示,在重症胰腺炎时Th1/Th2的平衡向Th2漂移,呈现Th2细胞因子的过度激活和对有害物质的免疫耐受状态,而纠正Th1/Th2的极化可能在重症胰腺炎的治疗上有重要意义。     

中药调节Th1/Th2免疫平衡在下肢深静脉血栓形成治疗中的作用

目的:探讨Th1/Th2亚群在DVT发病中的变化规律及中药复方消栓通脉颗粒调节Th1/Th2亚群平衡的作用机制。方法:60例急性DVT患者分为中西医结合组(结合组)和西药组,并设30例健康查体者为正常组,采用流式细胞术及ELISA法观察DVT患者外周血Th1、Th2细胞比例变化及血浆中TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-4和IL-10水平。结果:消栓通脉颗粒作用后,结合组TNF-α、IFN-γ水平低于西药组(P<0.05);结合组IL-4和IL-10水平高于西药组(P<0.05);结合组治疗后肢围改善优于西药组(P<0.05)。结论:消栓通脉颗粒可以抑制TNF-α、IFN-γ转录,促进IL-4、IL-10表达,升高Th2亚群比例,优势诱导T细胞向Th2亚群偏移,减轻炎症反应,保护血管内皮细胞,促进血栓再通,改善肢体肿胀。     

脑胶质瘤Th1/Th2类细胞因子的漂移及意义

我们采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(ＲＴ ＰＣＲ)方法 ,检测了 4株脑胶质瘤细胞株、5 2例新鲜脑胶质瘤标本和 15例脑胶质瘤患者外周血标本的Ｔｈ1/Ｔｈ2类细胞因子的表达情况 ,初步探讨了脑胶质瘤Ｔｈ2类细胞因子漂移的意义。1.材料与方法 :胶质瘤细胞株ＳＨＧ 44、Ｕ2 5 1、Ｃ6和 9Ｌ ,购自上海细胞生物研究所或本室保存。胶质瘤组织标本5 2例 ,取自我院患者 ,术前均未接受放疗、化疗或免疫治疗。术后病理 :星形细胞瘤Ⅰ级 4例 ,星形细胞瘤Ⅱ级 6例 ,间变性星形细胞瘤 2 3例 ,多形性胶质母细胞瘤 9例 ,少突胶质细胞瘤 3例 ,脉络丛乳头状瘤 1例 ,…     

Th1/Th2平衡在急性胰腺炎中的作用

近年来的研究显示,急性胰腺炎(acute panereatitis,AP)并不是简单的"胰酶自身消化"的结果,而更多的与免疫异常有关.Th细胞是免疫应答的中心细胞,它不但是机体免疫应答的启动细胞,而且其活性对整个免疫应答具有调节作用;Th1/Th2失衡参与了许多疾病的发生和病程演变.本文通过对有关资料的收集,从Th1/Th2失衡的角度解释了AP时的免疫异常,说明AP时全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)、免疫抑制、胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡以及其后的感染均与"Th1/Th2失衡"有关;AP早期存在"Th1漂移、Th1/Th2失衡",而AP中后期在感染等因素的作用下"Th1漂移"可被逆转.个体化免疫治疗是AP综合治疗的重要组成部分.     

支气管哮喘患儿Th1/Th2细胞免疫平衡变化研究

目的探讨支气管哮喘患儿Th1/Th2细胞免疫平衡变化及其机制。方法选择急性发作期支气管哮喘患儿30名作为发作组,选择30名缓解期支气管哮喘患儿作为缓解组,选择30名健康小儿作为对照组,采用流式细胞仪检测各组静脉血Th1、Th2表达情况,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测三组患儿血清IL-4、IL-10、IFN-γ水平,比较各组患者Th1/Th2及血清IL-4、IL-10、IFN-γ表达变化水平。结果发作组静脉血Th1/Th2低于对照组及缓解组,血清IL-4、IL-10水平高于对照组及缓解组,IFN-γ水平低于对照组及缓解组。缓解组静脉血Th1/Th2低于对照组,血清IL-4、IL-10水平高于对照组,血清IFN-γ水平低于对照组。结论支气管哮喘患儿存在Th1/Th2免疫失衡,其可能是小儿支气管哮喘的发病机制之一。     

妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血清Th1/Th2比值测定及分析

目的测定妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者血清中Th1细胞分泌的细胞因子干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)及Th2细胞分泌的细胞因子白介素-4(IL-4)的水平,分析Th1/Th2比值与GDM的关系。方法选取2015年10月至2016年10月间在我院住院治疗的GDM孕妇30例为GDM组,同时随机选取同一时期内在我院住院的正常孕妇30例为对照组。两组对象于早晨抽取空腹静脉血测定糖化血红蛋白,采用ELISA方法测定两组对象血清中的IFN-γ和IL-4水平。比较两组对象的上述实验室指标及IFN-γ/IL-4比值。结果两组孕妇的年龄、孕周、糖化血红蛋白水平比较,均无显著性差异(P0.05)。GDM组患者血清中IFN-γ水平显著低于对照组[(87.38±9.14)vs.(96.27±10.24)pg/ml](P0.05),IL-4水平显著高于对照组[(49.09±1.44)vs.(42.38±1.28)pg/ml](P0.05)。GDM组患者血清中IFN-γ/IL-4比值显著低于对照组[(1.78±0.11)vs.(2.27±1.07)](P0.05)。结论 GDM患者体内存在着Th1/Th2失衡的现象,Th2更加优势表达。     

重症急性胰腺炎大鼠早期肠源性内毒素血症对Th1/Th2平衡的影响

目的：探讨肠源性内毒素血症对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠机体免疫功能的影响.方法：将Wistar大鼠（260±20）g40只,随机分为假手术组（n=8）和重症急性胰腺炎模型组（n=32）,后者又分为3 h、12 h、24 h和36 h组,每组8只,观察血浆内毒素和血清淀粉酶及Th1/Th2比值的变化.结果：血浆内毒素水平的升高,使促炎细胞因子过度释放,Th1/Th2比值持续升高（P＜0.01）.血浆内毒素和Th1/Th2比值呈显著正相关（P＜0.01）.结论：在重症急性胰腺炎的早期,血浆内毒素的升高使机体的细胞免疫功能过强,导致组织细胞损伤加重.     

共刺激后淋巴细胞产生Th1/Th2细胞因子的变化及免疫抑制剂的影响

目的 探讨CD28、CD40通路共刺激后淋巴细胞产生Th1(IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-12)及Th2细胞因子(IL-4、IL-10)的变化及免疫抑制剂环孢素(CsA)、雷帕霉素(RPM)及霉酚酸(MPA)对共刺激通路激活后淋巴细胞产生Th1及Th2细胞因子的影响.方法采用单克隆抗体(mAb)与淋巴细胞表面CD3、CD28及CD40L分子结合产生相应刺激信号,单刺激及共刺激组分为:a组,CD3 mAb单刺激;b组,CD3 mAb加CD28 mAb共刺激;c组,CD3 mAb加CD28 mAb加CD40 L mAb共刺激;d组,CD3 mAb加CD28 mAb加CTLA4 mAb共刺激.各mAb的终浓度均为100 ng/ml.干预组分别将终浓度为300 ng/ml的CsA、RPM、MPA加入上述4组.ELISA法测定上述细胞培养上清中的细胞因子值.结果 a、b、c 3组IFN-γ分别为(248.91±11.20)、(555.08±24.42)、(548.19±33.06)ng/ml,IL-2分别为(29.48±8.61)、(1100.82±99.29)、(842.23±29.31)ng/ml,IL-4分别为(32.29±6.76)、(116.02±15.03)、(147.28±18.07)ng/ml,IL-10分别为(147.01±10.47)、(291.79±12.47)、(302.52±35.18)ng/ml.b、c组与a组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);b、c组IL-2、IL-12、IL-4比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).d组IFN-γ、IL-2及IL-10分别为(497.42±29.03)、(739.77±18.58)及(120.33±13.21)ng/ml,与b组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CsA、RPM及MPA对共刺激后Th1/Th2细胞因子的产生均有抑制作用,CsA对4种细胞因子产生的抑制作用强于RPM和MPA,其中对IL-2及IL-4的抑制作用更为明显.CsA与CTLA4 mAb有协同作用.共刺激后IL-12产生升高,MPA可抑制单刺激和共刺激后IL-12的产生,CsA和RPM对IL-12的产生无明显抑制作用.结论 CD28、CD40共刺激通路在淋巴细胞活化中起关键作用.CsA、RPM、MPA及CTLA4 mAb对共刺激后Th1/Th2细胞因子的产生均有抑制作用,CsA的抑制作用更为明显.CD40 L mAb使Th1细胞因子及IL-12水平下降,又促进Th2细胞因子(以IL-4为主)产生,该作用可能是抗CD40 L抗体诱导移植物存活期延长的机制之一.     

Th1/Th2细胞因子变化在大鼠肝移植免疫耐受中的作用

目的:研究大鼠肝移植术后移植肝和外周血中细胞因子的表达,并分析其在急性排异反应和耐受诱导中的作用。方法:Kamada法建立大鼠肝移植模型,并随机分为4组,每组8只。A组:同品系组;B组:免疫排异组;C组:B组+免疫抑制剂;D组:C组+骨髓输注。RT-PCR和ELISA技术分别检测移植肝和外周血中细胞因子IL-2、INF-γ、IL-4、IL-10、TGF-β1的表达,并观察受体存活率。结果:在B组中Th1型细胞因子(IL-2、INF-γ)表达高于A、C和D组(P<0.05);而Th2型细胞因子(IL-4、IL-10)和TGF-β1表达低于C和D组(P<0.05);细胞因子在C组与D组大鼠中的表达无统计学差异。A、C、D组大鼠术后近、远期存活率明显优于B组。结论:Th1型细胞因子(IL-2、INF-γ)参与肝移植急性排异反应的发生,Th2型细胞因子(IL-4、IL-10)和TGF-β1可能参与移植物免疫耐受的诱导,延长移植物存活。     

自身免疫性甲状腺病Th1／Th2细胞因子平衡的偏离

目的探讨自身免疫性甲状腺病中Graves病和桥本甲状腺炎患者外周血Th1／Th2细胞因子平衡偏离的方向。方法应用酶联免疫吸附法分别检测50例Graves病患者，20例桥本甲状腺炎患者和20例健康献血者外周血γ干扰素（IFN-γ）和白介素-4（IL-4）。以IFN—γ/IL-4作为反映Th1/Th2细胞因子的指标。结果与正常对照组对比，Graves病和桥本甲状腺炎患者外周血IFN-γ无明显变化（P〉0．05），IL-4明显下降（P〈0．01），而IFN—γ/IL-4比值升高（P〈0．05）。结论自身免疫性甲状腺病中Graves病和桥本甲状腺炎外周血Th1/Th2细胞因子平衡显现Th2细胞因子低下型，而Th1／Th2相对升高。     

Th1/Th2细胞因子mRNA的表达与心脏移植免疫耐受的关系

目的探讨Th1/Th2细胞因子信使核糖核酸(mRNA)表达改变与心脏移植免疫耐受的关系. 方法采用大鼠腹部心脏移植模型,将30只大鼠随机分成对照组、排斥反应组、免疫耐受组,每组10只.观察移植心脏存活时间,供心病理学改变,受者脾和心脏中Th1/Th2细胞因子白细胞介素2(IL-2)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素4(IL-4)、白细胞介素10(IL-10) mRNA表达水平. 结果免疫耐受组供心存活时间为85.28±7.48天,较排斥反应组的7.33±1.03天显著延长(P＜0.01);排斥反应组供心见大量炎性细胞浸润,免疫耐受组供心仅见少量炎性细胞浸润;排斥反应组Th1细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ mRNA表达较对照组增强,免疫耐受组减弱;排斥反应组Th2细胞因子IL-4、IL-10 mRNA表达较对照组减弱,免疫耐受组增强. 结论 Th1/Th2细胞因子的动态平衡在移植耐受中起重要作用,Th1向Th2偏离是移植耐受的机制之一.     

血液净化治疗多器官功能障碍综合征引起Th1/Th2漂移的研究

目的研究连续性血液净化治疗（CBP）对多器官功能障碍综合征（multiple organ dysfunction syndrome，MODS）患者循环Th1／Th2的影响及其引起Th1／Th2漂移的机制。方法18例多器官功能障碍综合征患者行CBP治疗。采用中心静脉留置单针双腔导管建立血管通路，采用连续性血液净化系统进行前稀释连续性静脉-静脉血液透析滤过（CVVHDF）。治疗前及治疗后24、48、72h采血检测Th1／Th2，同时检测血液中IL4和IFN-1浓度。结果MODS患者经CBP治疗后，Thl表达逐渐增加，而Th2表达逐渐下降，IFN-γ和IL-4的浓度均下降；Th1／Th2和IFN-γ／IL-4比值随治疗时间的增加升高；Th1／Th2和IFN-γ/IL-4比值呈正相关。结论CBP治疗可能可改善MODS患者的Th1／Th2平衡漂移，可能与改善机体内IFN-γ/IL-4比值有很大的相关性。     

T lymphocyte subsets and Th1/Th2 balance after laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy

Background: Laparoscopic surgery provides for a less invasive procedure than open surgery in patients with gastric cancer, but the immune responses after laparoscopic surgery for early gastric cancer remain unknown. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 20 patients with early gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) or open distal gastrectomy (ODG) were obtained; the cell surface molecules and intracellular cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-4) were measured by flow cytometry. Results: The populations of T lymphocytes after LADG, including CD3-, 4-, 8-, 57-, and HLA-DR-positive lymphocytes, showed patterns similar to those after ODG. The production of IFN-gamma as Th1 cell function decreased significantly on the third postoperative day after ODG but increased after LADG. The production of IL-4, representing Th2 cell function, increased postoperatively after ODG but not after LADG. Conclusions: When compared with ODG, LADG contributes to the preservation of postsurgical Th1 cell-mediated immune function.     

脾动脉缩窄对门静脉高压大鼠脾脏iNOS表达及Th1/Th2平衡的影响

目的 观察脾动脉缩窄对肝硬化门静脉高压大鼠脾脏iNOS、Th1/Th2型细胞因子表达的影响,并探讨机制.方法 肝硬化门静脉高压大鼠随机分3组(n=10):假手术组(SOG)、脾动脉缩窄术组(SAC)和脾动脉结扎术组(SAL);正常大鼠10只行假手术作为对照组(NCG).免疫组化法测脾脏iNOS表达,RT-PCR法测脾脏IFN-γ、IL-4mRNA表达,对iNOS与IFN-γ、IL-4表达量作相关分析.结果 SOG脾脏iNOS明显高于NCG(P＜0.01),SAC和SAL明显低于SOG(P＜0.01).SOG脾脏IFN-γmRNA和IFN-γ/IL-4明显低于NCG(P＜0.01),IL-4mRNA明显高于NCG(P＜0.01);SAC脾脏IFN-γmRNA高于SOG(P＜0.05),SAC和SAL脾脏IL-4mRNA低于SOG(P＜0.05),而IFN-γ/IL-4高于SOG(P＜0.05).iNOS与IFN-γ负相关(r=-0.672,P＜0.01),与IL-4正相关(r=0.634,P＜0.01).结论 脾动脉缩窄术后门静脉高压大鼠脾脏iNOS表达降低,IFN-γ/IL-4升高,脾脏Th1/Th2失衡改善可能与术后iNOS表达降低有关.     

T-cell activation follows Th1 rather than Th2 pattern in haemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Patients on chronic intermittent haemodialysis (HD) show an impaired cellular and humoral immune response that clinically appears with frequent infectious complications and low vaccination responses. This immune defect strongly correlates with reduced in vitro proliferative responses of T cells. The defect is localized in antigen presenting cells, which show a decreased co-stimulatory activity. Furthermore, the impaired immune response correlates with an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In response to primary activation, CD4 positive T helper (Th) cells mainly differentiate into either Th1 or Th2 cells. Th1 cells support cell mediated immunity whereas Th2 cells enhance humoral immune responses. Since both types of responses mutually inhibit each other, the impaired humoral immune response seen in HD patients could either be due to a reduced number of Th2 cells or to a predominant Th1 response. METHODS: We analysed the Th cell profile in HD patients using flow cytometry. Monocytic cytokine expression was analysed using both flow cytometry and enzyme linked immunoadsorbant assays. RESULTS: Our data demonstrate that the cytokine differentiation profile in circulating T cells from HD patients is dysregulated and characterized by an increase in Th1 cells, but a normal amount of Th2 cells. Moreover, the skewed helper cell responses correlate with a higher percentage of monocytes capable of secreting the Th1 promoting cytokine interleukin 12 (IL-12). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of impaired cellular immune functions in dialysis patients and, in particular, the decreased antibody production after vaccination. They provide a link between overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12) and imbalanced T-cell activation.     

慢性非细菌性前列腺炎/慢性骨盆疼痛综合征患者外周血Th1/Th2细胞的检测

目的:探讨慢性非细菌性前列腺炎/慢性骨盆疼痛综合征(CAP/CPPS)患者外周血Th1/Th2细胞分布的变化情况及其在CAP/CPPS临床分型中的意义。方法:采用流式细胞术检测35例CAP/CPPS患者和12例健康体检者外周血CD3+CD8-T细胞胞内细胞因子干扰素γ(IFN-γ)和白细胞介素4(IL-4)的表达。结果:与正常对照组相比,ⅢA型、ⅢB型CAP/CPPS患者的Th1细胞数均升高,Th1/Th2比值升高,差异有显著性(P<0.05),Th2细胞数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);ⅢA型与ⅢB型患者比较,Th1、Th2细胞数与Th1/Th2比值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:CAP/CPPS患者Th1型反应模式占优势状态,Th1/Th2平衡失调,Th1/Th2平衡向Th1方向变化,提示Th1细胞在CAP/CPPS的病理发生中可能起重要作用。     

脾动脉缩窄对门静脉高压大鼠脾脏iNOS表达及Th1/Th2平衡的影响

Objective To investigate the effect and the potential mechanism of splenic artery coarctation on the expression of iNOS and Th1/Th2 cytokines in spleen of cirrhotic rats with portal hypertension (PHT). Methods Cirrhotic rats were randomized into 3 groups (n= 10):sham operation group (SOG), splenic artery coarctation group (SAC) and splenic artery ligation group (SAL). Ten normal rats treated with sham operation were employed to serve as normal control group (NCG). Immunohistochemial staining was used to observe iNOS. RT-PCR was used to detect IFN-γ and IL-4mRNA. The Pearson's correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between iNOS and IFN-γ or IL-4. Results The expression of iNOS was increased significantly in spleen of cirrhotic rats as compared with NCG(P＜0. 01). It was decreased after SAC and SAL compared with SOG (P＜0. 01). The expression of IFN-γmRNA and IFN-γ/IL-4 of SOG were decreased but IL-4mRNA increased significantly than that of NCG(P＜0.01). IFN-γmRNA was increased after SAC compared with SOG (P＜0.05). IL-4mRNA was decreased and IFN-γ/IL-4 increased after SAC and SAL compared with SOG (P＜0. 05). The expression of iNOS was negatively correlated with the expression of IFN-γmRNA(r=-0.672, P＜ 0.01 ) and positively correlated with the expression of IL-4 mRNA (r=0.634,P＜0. 01). Conclusion The expression of iNOS is decreased and IFN-γ/IL-4 increased after SAC in spleen of cirrhotic rats with PHT and it may improve Th1/Th2 polarization by reducing the expression of iNOS.     

脾动脉缩窄对门静脉高压大鼠脾脏iNOS表达及Th1/Th2平衡的影响

Objective To investigate the effect and the potential mechanism of splenic artery coarctation on the expression of iNOS and Th1/Th2 cytokines in spleen of cirrhotic rats with portal hypertension (PHT). Methods Cirrhotic rats were randomized into 3 groups (n= 10):sham operation group (SOG), splenic artery coarctation group (SAC) and splenic artery ligation group (SAL). Ten normal rats treated with sham operation were employed to serve as normal control group (NCG). Immunohistochemial staining was used to observe iNOS. RT-PCR was used to detect IFN-γ and IL-4mRNA. The Pearson's correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between iNOS and IFN-γ or IL-4. Results The expression of iNOS was increased significantly in spleen of cirrhotic rats as compared with NCG(P＜0. 01). It was decreased after SAC and SAL compared with SOG (P＜0. 01). The expression of IFN-γmRNA and IFN-γ/IL-4 of SOG were decreased but IL-4mRNA increased significantly than that of NCG(P＜0.01). IFN-γmRNA was increased after SAC compared with SOG (P＜0.05). IL-4mRNA was decreased and IFN-γ/IL-4 increased after SAC and SAL compared with SOG (P＜0. 05). The expression of iNOS was negatively correlated with the expression of IFN-γmRNA(r=-0.672, P＜ 0.01 ) and positively correlated with the expression of IL-4 mRNA (r=0.634,P＜0. 01). Conclusion The expression of iNOS is decreased and IFN-γ/IL-4 increased after SAC in spleen of cirrhotic rats with PHT and it may improve Th1/Th2 polarization by reducing the expression of iNOS.     

Th1/Th2类细胞因子转换对小鼠心脏移植物存活的影响

目的 探讨Th1/Th2类细胞因子转换对小鼠心脏移植物存活时间的影响。方法 采用小鼠腹部心脏移植模型，分为同种异体移植组（A组）、同种异体移植+免疫抑制处理组（B组）和同系移植组（C组），每组20对。观察移植物存活时间、供心病理改变、受鼠脾和供心内IFN-γ，IL-2，IL-4及IL-10 mRNA的表达水平。结果 A组及B组移植物平均存活时间分别为（7.8±0.77）d和（14.80±1.01）d，C组移植物存活均超过28d；3组间差异均有显著性（P<0.05）。A组与B组、C组比较，移植物的心肌细胞变性坏死严重，并有大量炎性细胞浸润。A组受鼠脾脏及供心内IFN-γ和IL-10 mRNA表达比其余两组明显增强；3组移植心组织IL-2及IL-4 mRNA均无表达；A组脾脏IL-2 mRNA表达最强；B组脾脏IL-4 mRNA表达明显强于其余两组。结论 Th1/Th2转换在延长移植物存活过程中起重要作用；IL-10也参与移植物排斥反应过程。