二甲双胍治疗多囊卵巢综合征新进展

多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是生育年龄妇女常见的生殖内分泌疾病。由于胰岛索抵抗在其发病中起重要作用．胰岛素增敏剂二甲双胍被用于PCOS的治疗。随着临床的广泛应用，对其作用机理和临床效果有了更深入的认识。兰甲双胍可以恢复规律月经，改善多毛，降低体质量，促进排卵，改善妊娠结局，改善子宫内膜的胰岛素抵抗，避免远期并发症．特别是对青春期PCOS患者有较好的疗效。不同剂量的二甲双胍具有不同的治疗作用。对二甲双胍在治疗PCOS中的新进展做综述。     

二甲双胍治疗多囊卵巢综合征的研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征 (ＰＣＯＳ)以慢性无排卵、高雄激素血症为特征 ,是育龄妇女常见的内分泌紊乱。因涉及下丘脑 垂体 卵巢轴、肾上腺、胰腺及遗传等因素 ,生化及临床表现有高度的异质性 ,病因尚不明了。有关ＰＣＯＳ的发病原因、病理生理及治疗等方面尚存在争议。现就二甲双胍治疗ＰＣＯＳ的机制及效果作一综述。一、胰岛素抵抗及高胰岛素血症在ＰＣＯＳ中的作用胰岛素抵抗是指机体外周组织对胰岛素敏感性降低 ,使胰岛素生物学作用减弱 ,通常是指对糖代谢的效应下降 ,即在生理水平胰岛素情况下 ,器官、组织、细胞吸收、利用葡萄糖的效能低于正…     

二甲双胍治疗多囊卵巢综合征

二甲双胍通过降血胰岛素的作用,纠正了PCOS患者的高雄激素血症,改善了卵巢排卵功能,提高了促排卵治疗疗效,是PCOS治疗的新选择。     

二甲双胍在多囊卵巢综合征中的作用

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的基本病理生理特征为胰岛素抵抗和高胰岛素血症,二甲双胍为胰岛素增敏剂,可调整PCOS患者月经周期,促进排卵,提高妊娠率,减少流产,并改善脂质代谢,降低患者超促排卵后过度刺激及妊娠期糖尿病的发生.但其长期疗效、个体剂量和可能的不良影响尚待研究.     

二甲双胍治疗多囊卵巢综合征新进展

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是生育年龄妇女常见的生殖内分泌疾病.由于胰岛素抵抗在其发病中起重要作用,胰岛素增敏剂二甲双胍被用于PCOS的治疗.随着临床的广泛应用,对其作用机理和临床效果有了更深入的认识.二甲双胍可以恢复规律月经,改善多毛,降低体质量,促进排卵,改善妊娠结局,改善子宫内膜的胰岛素抵抗,避免远期并发症,特别是对青春期PCOS患者有较好的疗效.不同剂量的二甲双胍具有不同的治疗作用.对二甲双胍在治疗PCOS中的新进展做.     

二甲双胍在多囊卵巢综合征的应用

胰岛素抵抗是多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的重要病理生理改变,应用二甲双胍治疗PCOS患者可以改善月经状况,恢复排卵,并且增加不孕PCOS患者的妊娠率,对提高IVF的成功率和减少反复流产的发生也非常有益。本文对二甲双胍作用机制,二甲双胍对PCOS及不孕的PCOS患者的治疗作用进行了综述。     

二甲双胍治疗多囊卵巢综合征的研究进展

胰岛素抵抗是多囊卵巢综合征 (PCOS)的主要发病机制之一。用胰岛素增敏剂二甲双胍可治疗与PCOS有关的月经失调、雄激素过多症状、不排卵及不育。而且 ,二甲双胍可用于治疗各年龄段多囊卵巢综合征 ,能有效降低PCOS中的早期自然流产 ,并有保护心血管、降低II型糖尿病危险的作用。     

二甲双胍对多囊卵巢综合征患者体外受精结局影响的系统评价

目的:本研究旨在评价即将或正在进行体外受精/胞浆内单精子注射(IVF/ICSI)治疗的多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者辅助服用二甲双胍的临床价值。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、CNKI、VIP和万方数据库,查找有关二甲双胍对PCOS患者体外受精结局的随机对照试验或交叉试验,检索时间截至2011年2月。按Cochrane系统评价方法及英国国家卫生服务部评价与传播中心制定的卫生保健系统评价指南,对纳入研究进行质量评价和资料提取后,采用RevMan软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入9个试验,共11篇文献。Meta分析结果显示:对行IVF/ICSI的PCOS患者,二甲双胍干预组和安慰剂组在临床妊娠例数(OR=1.82,95%CI1.28～2.59)、胚胎移植数(MD=0.12,95%CI0.03～0.21)、卵巢过度刺激综合征(OR=0.39,95%CI0.21～0.70)、药物不良反应发生例数(OR=9.49,95%CI4.10～21.97)方面的比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而在卵巢刺激时间、重组人卵泡刺激素总剂量、血清雌激素水平、收集卵泡数、受精率、新生儿活产率、和...     

口服避孕药联合二甲双胍治疗多囊卵巢综合征疗效观察

目的观察口服避孕药联合二甲双胍治疗多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的疗效。方法选择2001年11月至2004年6月在昆明医学院第一附属医院就诊的PCOS患者90例,随机分为A、B、C3组。A组32例,口服妈富隆联合二甲双胍治疗;B组40例,口服达因-35联合二甲双胍治疗;C组18例,单用妈富隆治疗。3组用药时间均为3个月。测定患者血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)和睾酮(T),测量腰/臀比值(WHR)及体质指数(BMI)并进行治疗前后的比较。结果A、B两组治疗后LH、LH/FSH、T及WHR均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)且两组间差异无显著性(P>0.05);C组治疗后LH、LH/FSH、T较治疗前明显降低(P<0.01),但WHR明显升高(P<0.05)。A、B、C3组治疗后各项指标比较LH、LH/FSH及T差异无显著性(P>0.05),而C组WHR明显高于A、B两组(P<0.01)。结论口服避孕药联合二甲双胍治疗PCOS疗效优于单用口服避孕药。妈富隆与达因-35疗效比较,差异无显著性。     

二甲双胍在多囊卵巢综合征促排卵治疗中的作用

目的　评估二甲双胍在多囊卵巢综合征 (PCOS)患者促排卵治疗中的作用。方法　以40例PCOS患者 (PCOS组 )为研究对象 ,其中 2 0例口服二甲双胍治疗 12周 ,治疗后 17例未孕者加用高纯度促卵泡激素 (FSH HP)治疗 1个周期 (A组 ) ,另 2 0例单用FSH HP治疗 1个周期 (B组 ) ;同时 ,以体重和月经周期均正常的 2 0例门诊患者为对照组。观察各组及A组患者口服二甲双胍前后血清FSH、黄体生成激素 (LH)、睾酮、瘦素、空腹血糖及空腹胰岛素水平 ;比较A、B两组促排卵治疗结果。结果　空腹胰岛素和瘦素水平 ,PCOS组显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5) ,PCOS肥胖者高于PCOS非肥胖者(P <0 .0 5) ,但PCOS非肥胖者与对照组相比 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5)。二甲双胍治疗后 ,LH、空腹胰岛素、睾酮及瘦素水平明显下降 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1)。PCOS组患者中有 3例服二甲双胍治疗期间妊娠 ,另外 3 7例行FSH HP促排卵治疗后有 7例妊娠 (A组 4例 ,B组 3例 ) ,总妊娠率为 19% ( 7 3 7) ;A组的排卵率 ( 88% ,15 17)和妊娠率 ( 2 4% ,4 17)虽高于B组 ( 70 % ,14 2 0 ;15% ,3 2 0 ) ,但差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5)。结论　二甲双胍能降低胰岛素和瘦素水平 ,逆转PCOS患者性激素异常 ,使部分患者恢复排卵和妊娠 ,可增强PCOS患者对促性腺素的敏感     

罗格列酮联合二甲双胍治疗多囊卵巢综合征的临床疗效观察

目的 :探讨罗格列酮联合二甲双胍治疗多囊卵巢综合征 (PCOS)的临床疗效。方法 :10 0例临床上有PCOS表现的肥胖不育患者通过口服葡萄糖耐量试验 (OGTT)、胰岛素及C肽释放试验 ,检出胰岛素抵抗 (IR)患者 80例 ,随机分为A、B、C 3组 ,分别给予促排卵药 ,促排卵药加二甲双胍 ,促排卵药加二甲双胍加罗格列酮 ,共治疗 2个月经周期 ,比较 3组用药前后及 3组间体重指数 (BMI)、胰岛素抵抗指数 (HomaIR)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)、纤溶酶原激活抑制物 1(PAI 1)和排卵率的变化。结果 :C组患者治疗后的BMI、HomaIR、FFA、TNFα、PAI 1较治疗前明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 )。C组的排卵率明显优于A组 (P <0 .0 1)和B组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :罗格列酮联合二甲双胍治疗PCOS效果显著。     

The effect of metformin treatment on ovarian stromal blood flow in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective  To evaluate the effects of metformin on the ovarian stromal blood perfusion in the patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods  Twenty-five women with PCOS who underwent a Doppler examination of the ovarian stroma was evaluated; hormonal, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters of patients were determined. After the patients were treated with 850 mg metformin twice a day for 6 months, the same parameters were evaluated in the same patients. Results  After metformin treatment, although pulsatility index (PI) was increased from 1.80 ± 1.23, 1.84 ± 1.28 to 2.20 ± 1.10, 2.19 ± 0.83 in the right and left ovary, respectively, and resistance index was increased from 0.84 ± 0.25, 0.83 ± 0.23 to 1.16 ± 0.37, 1.10 ± 0.26 in the right and left ovary respectively (P < 0.05), peak systolic velocity (PSV) was decreased from 12.30 ± 1.72, 12.34 ± 1.55 to 10.25 ± 0.97, 10.53 ± 1.33 in the right and left ovary respectively (P < 0.05). PI and RI did not show any difference between the homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) ≥ 2.38 and HOMA-IR < 2.38 groups before and after metformin treatment (P > 0.05). However, PSV was decreased significantly from 13.05 ± 1.35, 12.82 ± 2.02 to 11.03 ± 0.71, 10.25 ± 0.42 in HOMA-IR ≥ 2.38 group in the right and left ovary, respectively, and PSV was decreased from 11.50 ± 2.67, 11.28 ± 0.26 to 9.10 ± 0.58, 9.28 ± 0.25 in HOMA-IR < 2.38 group in the right and left ovary, respectively, before and after metformin treatment (P < 0.05). PSV for both ovaries were positively correlated with HOMA scores before and after metformin treatment [(r = 0.713, P = 0.000; r = 0.617, P = 0.04 and r = 0.635, P= 0.03; r = 0.483, P = 0.031 respectively]. Conclusion  Metformin treatment affected ovarian stromal blood flow in PCOS patients.     

Short-term metformin treatment for clomiphene citrate-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective

To evaluate the effect of a short-course pretreatment with metformin on hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, cervical scores, and pregnancy rates in women with clomiphene citrate (CC)-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods

Thirty-seven women with CC-resistant PCOS were randomly assigned to be pretreated with 500 mg of metformin or placebo 3 times per day for 2 cycles, and 100 mg of CC was given on days 5 through 9 of the second cycle in both groups. Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), dehydroepiandrostendione sulfate (DHEAS), total testosterone (T), glucose, and insulin levels were measured at baseline and after the first cycle, as well as body mass index (BMI), cervical score, and pregnancy rate.

Results

After 1 cycle, BMI, total T level, and percentage of participants with insulin resistance were significantly decreased in the metformin group, without any significant decrease in LH, FSH, and DHEAS levels; and in the second cycle, CC treatment resulted in a higher ovulation rate and a thicker endometrium in the metformin group. The pregnancy rate and cervical scores were also higher in that group.

Conclusion

The short-course pretreatment with metformin decreased hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance and improved cervical sores, ovulation rate, and pregnancy rate among women with CC-resistant PCOS.     

Metabolic and endocrine effects of metformin and metformin plus cyclic medroxyprogesterone acetate in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective

To evaluate the metabolic and endocrine effects of treatment with cyclic medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) plus metformin compared with metformin alone in women with PCOS.

Methods

In this prospective randomized study of women with PCOS, 20 women received 850 mg of metformin twice a day, and 20 women received 850 mg of metformin plus 5 mg of MPA twice a day. Body mass index, hormonal and lipid blood profiles, homocysteine blood level, and insulin sensitivities assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) were recorded at baseline and at 3 months.

Results

Total cholesterol levels decreased in the metformin plus MPA group (P = 0.002) but did not change significantly in the metformin group (P = 0.159). While homocysteine levels remained unchanged in the metformin plus MPA group, they increased significantly in the metformin group (P = 0.002).

Conclusion

There were no adverse effects of short-term cyclic MPA plus metformin treatment on metabolic parameters or insulin resistance in patients with PCOS over a 3-month treatment period.     

二甲双胍与复方醋酸环丙孕酮联合应用对多囊卵巢综合征患者内分泌及代谢的影响

目的　观察二甲双胍与复方醋酸环丙孕酮 (复方环丙孕酮 )联合应用 ,对多囊卵巢综合征 (PCOS)患者内分泌及代谢的影响。方法　对 4 5例患者进行前瞻性研究 ,为观察组 ;2 0例非PCOS不孕妇女为对照组。测定体重指数 (BMI)、腰臀围比值 (WHR)、多毛评分 (F G评分 )及生殖内分泌激素、糖、脂代谢指标等。观察组根据随机应用不同药物又分为复方环丙孕酮组、二甲双胍组及二甲双胍与复方环丙孕酮联合用药组 (联合用药组 ) ,每组各 15例。经 12周治疗后 ,比较上述各项指标的变化。结果　观察组治疗前BMI、WHR、F G评分、黄体生成激素 (LH)、睾酮 (T)、空腹胰岛素 (FI)、胰岛素抵抗 (IR)及甘油三酯等均较对照组增高 ;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)较对照组降低 (P <0 0 1)。观察组 3组治疗前各项指标差异均无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。治疗 12周后 ,联合用药组及二甲双胍组LH分别从 (13 9± 5 9)IU/L降低为 (5 8± 2 2 )IU/L ,从 (13 8± 7 6 )IU/L降低为 (11 8±6 5 )IU/L ;T分别从 (2 1± 0 8)nmol/L降低为 (1 2± 0 4 )nmol/L ,从 (2 2± 1 1)nmol/L降低为(1 8± 0 8)nmol/L ;游离睾酮 (FT)分别从 (2 8± 2 3)nmol/L降低为 (0 8± 0 5 )nmol/L ,从 (2 5±1 9)nmol/L降低为 (1     

二甲双胍治疗耐克罗米芬的多囊卵巢综合征40例分析

目的：观察二甲双胍单用或联合高纯度卵泡刺激素（metrodin-HP即FSH－HP）治疗耐克罗米芬（CC)多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者的疗效。方法：选择耐CC的PCOS患者40例，随机分成A组和B组。A组：20例患者从卵泡早期开始服二甲双胍，每天1500mg共12周，若未孕则加FSH－HP促排卵1个周期，B组；20例患者单独用FSH－HP促排卵1个周期。测定所有患者的性激素、空腹血糖（FG）及空腹胰岛素（FINS）。结果：服二甲双胍后，LH、T及FINS的水平明显下降（P＜0．05），A组有7例患者排卵且3例妊娠，妊娠率为15．0％，17例未孕者继续服二甲双胍联合FSH－HP促排卵，15例排卵和4例妊娠，妊娠率23．5％，B组单用FSH－HP促排卵，有14例排卵且3例妊娠，妊娠率15．0％，两者的妊娠率差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05）。A组的FSH－HP用量少于B组，差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05），中度以上OHSS发生率分别为0和10％，前者的发生率低于后者（P＜0．05）。结论：单用二甲双胍能使部分患者恢复排卵和妊娠。FSH－HP联合二甲双胍能减少FSH－HP的用量和OHSS的发生。二甲双胍单用或联合FSH－HP促排卵为耐CC的PCOS患者找到一种有效的治疗方法。     

Maternal polycystic ovary syndrome may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes

Objective

To determine whether maternal polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in a population of Italian parturients.

Study design

Retrospective study carried out in an academic hospital in Bologna, Italy, including 516 consecutive Italian women who delivered between January and April 2006. PCOS women, women with hyperandrogenic features not configuring PCOS (Intermediate group) and non-hyperandrogenic controls were identified by a telephone survey of 229 women. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA or chi-square.

Results

PCOS women, accounted for 6.6% of our cohort. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was significantly more frequent in the PCOS group than in the other groups (20% vs. 3.6% and 4%; P < 0.01). The association of GDM and pregnancy-induced hypertension occurred in one subject in the PCOS group but in none of the other groups (P < 0.001). Preterm birth was more frequent in the PCOS group than in control group (20% vs. 6.9%; P < 0.05), whereas mean length of gestation was not different. The higher occurrence of adverse outcomes may be, at least partly, related to a higher weight gain during pregnancy in PCOS group with respect to the other groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Women affected by PCOS carry an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.     

Clinical, endocrine and metabolic effects of metformin vs N-acetyl-cysteine in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective

To evaluate the clinical, endocrine and metabolic effects of metformin and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Study design

In this prospective trial, 100 women with PCOS were randomly divided to receive metformin (500 mg p.o. three times daily) or NAC (600 mg p.o. three times daily) for 24 weeks. Hyperandrogenism, lipid profiles, hirsutism scores, menstrual irregularity, insulin sensitivity and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were measured at baseline and after the treatment period.

Results

Both treatments resulted in a significant decrease in body mass index, hirsutism score, fasting insulin, HOMA index, free testosterone and menstrual irregularity compared with baseline values, and both treatments had equal efficacy. NAC led to a significant decrease in both total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels, whereas metformin only led to a decrease in total cholesterol level. Although TNF-α levels increased following treatment for both groups, the difference from baseline was not significant.

Conclusions

Metformin and NAC appear to have comparable effects on hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinaemia and menstrual irregularity in women with PCOS. The effects of metformin and NAC on insulin sensitivity are not associated with TNF-α.     

Metformin therapy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical, biochemical, hormonal, and ultrasonographic effects of 6 months of metformin therapy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and compare with pretherapy parameters. METHOD: 50 Indian women with PCOS, 25 unmarried and 25 married, infertile women, were enrolled in this prospective clinical study. After a baseline workup, including body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR), Ferriman Gallwey hirsutism scoring, menstrual pattern, levels of fasting insulin, lipids, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), serum gonadotropins, estradiol (E2), testosterone, androstenedione, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), patients were given 1000 gm of metformin for 6 months and then reevaluated. RESULT: In 41 of 50 women who completed treatment, significant improvement in BMI, WHR, menstrual cyclicity (80.5%), ovulation rate (66%), and pregnancy rate (28%) was noted. Statistically significant decrease in lutenising hormone (LH) and LH/FSH ratio with an increase in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were seen. Levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (Chol) increased along with a decrease in total cholesterol. Improvement was noted in ovarian volume, stromal thickness, and number of follicles. There was no change in hirsutism, acne, levels of other sex steroid hormones, and lipids. CONCLUSION: A 6-month course of metformin therapy may improve menstrual cyclicity and fertility in women with PCOS.