CT灌注成像在胃癌诊断中的临床应用

目的探讨胃癌CT灌注特点及具体灌注参数值和CT灌注成像在胃癌诊断中的临床应用价值。方法对经内镜病理确诊的50例胃癌和20例正常胃(对照组)行64层螺旋CT灌注成像检查,对所得容积数据采用CT灌注软件包的腹部肿瘤灌注协议(去卷积法)进行计算、制图和分析,分别测取血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)和毛细血管表面通透性(PS)四个参数值,然后应用SPSSl7.0软件进行统计分析。结果正常胃的BF、BV、MTT和PS平均值分别为75.0717.08ml/(min.100g)、7.951.81ml/100g、16.672.40s和7.981.30ml/(min.100g);胃癌的BF、BV、MTT和PS平均值分别为101.2848.01ml/(min.100g)、16.096.23ml/100g、9.574.99s和33.0023.27ml/(min.100g);两组比较,胃癌BF、BV、PS值升高,而MTT值下降,四个灌注参数值差异均具有非常显著的统计学意义(P0.01)。结论胃CT灌注成像是一种功能成像,从血流动力学角度对胃癌的临床诊疗有一定价值。     

The value of CT perfusion in differential diagnosis between thyroid benign and malignant nodules

目的:探讨CT灌注成像在甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断中的价值.方法:选取40例甲状腺病变患者,良性组32例(24例甲状腺肿、8例甲状腺腺瘤),恶性组8例,均采用常规CT平扫和同层动态灌注扫描,计算出血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、表面通透性(PS)、平均通过时间(MTT)、达峰时间(TTP),比较两组患者各种灌注参数的差异.结果:良性组BF、BV、PS、MTT及TTP值分别为(126.9±11.58)ml/(100g·min)、(35.19±2.73)ml/100g、(35.70±2.35)ml/(100g·min)、(8.41±0.92)s、(16.47±1.66)s;恶性组分别为(66.32±4.68)ml/(100g·min)、(23.23±3.88)ml/100g、(38.12±2.08)ml/(100g·min)、(15.22±0.26)s、(10.89±0.87)s.良性组与恶性组各灌注参数比较,BF和MTT差异有统计学意叉(P<0.05),其它参数之间差异均无统计学意义;良性组结节之间灌注参数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:CT灌注成像可对甲状腺结节微血管血流动力学状况进行量化评估,通过分析各种灌注参数的差异,对甲状腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断有重要的价值.     

胃肿瘤64层螺旋CT灌注成像的初步研究

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT胃灌注成像在胃癌及胃间质瘤诊断及鉴别诊断中的临床应用价值.方法 对经手术病理证实的73例胃癌及43例胃间质瘤患者行64层螺旋CT灌注成像扫描,经ADW4.3工作站处理,得出相关灌注参数及灌注图像,并进一步分析不同分化程度胃癌及胃间质瘤与其灌注参数之间的关系.结果 胃癌灌注参数:血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)、表面通透性(PS)值分别为(121.6±61.06) ml·100 g-1·min-1,(10.45±7.09) ml/100 g,(6.89±3.59) s,(26.31±14.99) ml·100 g-1·min-1;良性胃间质瘤灌注参数BF、BV、MTT、PS值分别为(77.28±25.57) ml·100 g-1·min-1,(7.91±2.84) ml/100 g,(7.37±2.38) s,(13.99±4.06) ml·100 g-1·min-1;恶性胃间质瘤灌注参数BF、BV、MTT、PS 值分别为 (95.13±29.75) ml·100 g-1·min-1,(8.21±2.65) ml/100 g,(7.33±1.83)s,(14.15±4.04) ml·100 g-1·min-1.不同分化程度胃癌(分化组与未分化组)灌注参数值PS差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同分化程度胃间质瘤(良性与恶性)灌注参数BF、BV、MTT、PS值差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);胃癌与恶性胃间质瘤灌注参数BF、MTT、PS值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 64层螺旋CT灌注成像对于进一步明确胃癌及胃间质瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断具有较大的临床应用价值,并对其治疗及预后方面有一定指导意义.     

MSCT灌注成像在良性和恶性骨病变诊断及鉴别诊断中的应用

目的:评价良、恶性骨病变的MSCT灌注成像特征.方法:34例经手术病理或细胞学穿刺证实的良、恶性骨病变患者,均行16排螺旋CT灌注扫描,分别测定血流量(BF),血容量(BV),平均通过时间(MTT)和表面通透性(PS).结果:恶性组各项灌注值普遍高于良性组,良性组的BV,BF值分别为(2.0561±1.82)ml/100mg,(24.838±22.286)ml/(100mg·min),恶性组的BV,BF值分别为(75.049±61.305)ml/100mg,(413.09±397.98)ml/(100mg·min),两者差异有极显著性意义(P＜0.01);良性组的PS值为(4.05±3.71)ml/(100mg·min),恶性组的PS值为(8.2154±5.0709)ml/(100mg·min),两者差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05);而MTT值差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论:MSCT灌注成像对良、恶性骨病变的诊断和鉴别诊断有重要的临床意义.     

正常胰腺MSCT灌注成像与个体因素的相关性研究

目的:应用MSCT灌注成像技术,探讨正常胰腺CT灌注参数与年龄及体质指数(BMI)的相关性。方法:对符合正常胰腺纳入标准的35例患者按年龄及BMI分组,分别行16层螺旋CT胰腺灌注成像,三点测量各组胰腺的组织血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、毛细血管表面通透性(PS)和对比剂平均通过时间(MTT)值,取各组灌注参数平均值,按组别进行统计学分析。结果:①年龄组:44岁(包括44岁)以下组,胰腺BF、BV、PS及MTT灌注值分别为(172.92±77.63)ml/(100g.min)、(61.63±24.37)ml/100g、(175.08±150.44)ml/(100g.min)、(34.74±13.74)s;45～59岁组,其灌注值分别为(181.61±133.36)ml/(100g.min)、(52.30±24.19)ml/100g、(213.44±151.20)ml/(100g.min)、(39.70±15.35)s;60岁(包括60岁)以上组,其灌注值分别为(118.99±37.89)ml/(100g.min)、(45.62±9.40)ml/100g、(202.72±91.08)ml/(100g.min)、(32.17±9.00)s。②BMI组:体质指数为22以下(包括22)组,胰腺BF、BV、PS及MTT灌注值分别为(154.39±79.88)ml/(100g.min)、(52.92±23.79)ml/100g、(209.85±147.52)ml/(100g.min)、(36.51±13.01)s;体质指数为22以上组,其灌注值分别为(182.82±120.96)ml/(100g.min)、(59.66±18.72)ml/100g、(157.68±107.50)ml/(100g.min)、(33.96±14.52)s。相关性分析结果显示,年龄与BF间呈负相关(P<0.05),余胰腺各灌注参数值与年龄及BMI均无相关性(P>0.05)。结论:胰腺的血流灌注,除血流量随年龄增长有逐步下降趋势外,其余受个体因素的影响小。     

Esophageal carcinoma:MSCT perfusion parameters and microvessel density

目的:分析食管癌多层螺旋CT(MSCT)灌注成像参数与肿瘤微血管密度(MVD)问的相关性,探讨MSCT灌注成像在评价肿瘤血管生成中的应用价值.方法:79例经手术病理证实的食管癌患者行MSCT灌注成像,绘制兴趣区(ROI)的时间一密度曲线(TDC),计算血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)、毛细血管通透性(PS);切取同层肿瘤组织切片,测定微血管密度,分析不同分化程度、组织学分型及浸润深度的肿瘤组织的CT灌注参数差异及各参数与MVD之间的相关性.结果:79例食管癌BF、BV、MTT、PS平均值分别为(93.07±54.31)ml/(min·100g)、(6.35±1.77)ml/100g、(9.17±7.07)s、(12.71±7.79)ml/(min·100g);MVD计数为(24.69±8.61)条/高倍视野.BF、BV值与MVD呈正相关(P<0.05,r值分别为0.445、0.341),不同侵及深度的肿瘤组织的BF值的差异有统计学意义(P=0.034).结论:MSCT灌注成像可间接反映活体食管癌血管生成情况,为治疗方案的制定、疗效判定及预后评估提供依据.     

CT灌注成像在甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:探讨CT灌注成像在甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:选取40例甲状腺病变患者,良性组32例(24例甲状腺肿、8例甲状腺腺瘤),恶性组8例,均采用常规CT平扫和同层动态灌注扫描,计算出血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、表面通透性(PS)、平均通过时间(MTT)、达峰时间(TTP),比较两组患者各种灌注参数的差异。结果:良性组BF、BV、PS、MTT及TTP值分别为(126.9±11.58)ml/(100g.min)、(35.19±2.73)ml/100g、(35.70±2.35)ml/(100g.min)、(8.41±0.92)s、(16.47±1.66)s;恶性组分别为(66.32±4.68)ml/(100g.min)、(23.23±3.88)ml/100g、(38.12±2.08)ml/(100g.min)、(15.22±0.26)s、(10.89±0.87)s。良性组与恶性组各灌注参数比较,BF和MTT差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其它参数之间差异均无统计学意义;良性组结节之间灌注参数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:CT灌注成像可对甲状腺结节微血管血流动力学状况进行量化评估,通过分析各种灌注参数的差异,对甲状腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断有重要的价值。     

Correlation of lymph node metastasis with CT perfusion parameters and angiogenesis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

目的:探讨食管鳞癌淋巴结转移与其CT灌注参数及血管生成的关系.方法.50例食管癌患者行MSCT灌注扫描,采用免疫组织化学SP法检测术后标本中MVD及VEGF的表达.分析食管癌淋巴结转移与CT灌注参教中血容量(BV)、血流量(BF)、平均通过时间(MTT)、表面通透性(PS)及MVD、VEGF表达之间的关系.结果:食管鳞癌CT灌注参数中BF、BV、MTT值在有和无淋巴结转移组中分别为(128.81±50.05)和(105.55±43.18))ml/(100g·min)、(7.64±3.11)和(6.33±1.71)ml/100g、(5.62±1.97)和(7.16±3.32)s,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而PS值在有和无淋巴结转移组分别为(18.32±5.39)和(9.66±2.46)ml/(100g.min),差异有高度统计学意义(P＜0.01);以PS值＞10ml/(100g·min)为阈值预测淋巴结转移的敏感度、特异度、阳性及阴性似然比分别为95.8％、65.4％、2.77和0.06;VEGF及MVD值与食管鳞癌淋巴结转移有显著正相关关系(r值分别为0.752和0.384,P＜0.01).结论:CT灌注成像有助于食管鳞癌淋巴结转移的术前诊断,其中PS值是最有价值的诊断指标.     

CT灌注成像监测兔肝VX2肿瘤生长

目的:研究使用CT灌注成像(CTPI)参数监测兔肝VX2肿瘤生长的价值。方法:10只新西兰大白兔,开腹手术于肝右叶内注射VX2肿瘤细胞悬液0.1ml。分别在种瘤前、种瘤后第1周、第3周行CT灌注扫描。应用反卷积算法计算肝脏的灌注参数:血流速(BF)、平均通过时间(MTT)、血容量(BV)、表面通透性(PS)、肝动脉分数(HAF)和到达时间(IRFT0)等。比较在肿瘤生长过程中灌注参数的变化。使用单因素方差分析进行统计学处理。结果:10只兔中共9只成功建立VX2种植模型。9只种植成功的兔肝中CT发现病灶9个,种植后第1周时扫描9只兔均可见肿瘤,直径约为(0.5±0.1)cm,第三周时肿瘤直径(2.6±0.6)cm。种瘤前肝实质、种瘤后第1周和第3周时肿瘤区域CTPI灌注参数BF、BV、PS、HAF、MTT、T0分别为(172.11±10.87)ml/(100g·min)、(31.02±3.02)ml/100g、(16.82±4.34)ml/100g·min、0.1224±0.0068、(11.24±1.20)s、(5.15±0.26)s;(128±5.04)ml/(100g·min)、(25.15±0.86)ml/100g、(14.79±5.18)ml/100g·min、0.7780±0.0514、(9.82±0.47)s、(3.43±0.12)s与(237.00±8.83)ml/(100g·min)、(33.11±1.89)ml/100g、(18.78±6.25)ml/100g·min、0.9440±0.0124、(10.12±0.21)s、(1.86±0.05)s。HAF、T0、BF值比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),BV、MTT、PS值差异无显著性意义。结论:CTPI参数HAF、T0、BF值可监测肝脏VX2肿瘤生长过程,较好反映了VX2肿瘤的动脉供血为主的本质,有希望在肝癌的检出及监测中发挥作用。     

16层螺旋CT功能性胰腺内分泌肿瘤灌注的初步研究

目的探讨功能性胰腺内分泌肿瘤与周围正常胰腺组织的MSCT灌注成像特征.材料和方法12例功能性胰腺内分泌肿瘤患者,男性5例,女性7例,年龄25～69岁,平均43.4岁.采用GE LightSpeed 16层MSCT进行灌注扫描,以3.5m/s的速度团注对比剂50ml,延迟5～7s,对选定胰腺病变层面进行同层动态增强检查扫描.将获得的原始图像传到GE AW4.2工作站,用CT-Perfusion3软件进行分析测量胰腺病变及周围正常胰腺组织的时间密度曲线(TDC)、血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)、表面通透性(PS)及达峰时间(TTP).结果功能性胰腺内分泌肿瘤的BF、BV、MTT及PS分别为(287.73±140.97)ml/(min·100g)、(18.48±5.17)ml/100g、(5.96±3.07)s及(17.37±11.10)ml/(min·100g).周围正常胰腺组织的BF、BV、MTT及PS分别为(162.47±92.44)ml/(min·100g)、(11.77±3.54)ml/100g、(7.13±3.02)s及(17.54±12.88)ml/(min·100g).功能性胰腺内分泌肿瘤组织BF和BV高于周围正常胰腺组织(P=0.02,t=3.257;P=0.000,t=4.71),MTT及PS无统计学意义(P=0.230,t=-1.218;P0.965,t=-0.044).功能性胰腺内分泌肿瘤组织及周围正常胰腺组织TTP分别(27.17±4.98)s及(27.96±4.09)s,两者之间无统计学意义(P=0.591,t=-0.542).结论功能性胰腺内分泌肿瘤组织与周围正常胰腺组织间存在灌注上的差异,对其诊断具有重要的提示意义.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.