Vogt-小柳原田综合征治疗前后OCT图像分析

目的：分析Vogt-小柳原田综合征治疗前后光学相干断层扫描(OCT)图像特征。

方法：对确诊的Vgot-小柳原田综合征患者17例34眼应用眼底照相及OCT跟踪观察,于激素冲击疗法后的5,15,30d再次行上述检查,观察视网膜结构变化。

结果：所有患者均出现视网膜神经上皮层水肿及多灶性局限性大小不等的浆液性视网膜神经上皮脱离,经激素冲击治疗后,视网膜水肿减轻甚至消失,神经上皮脱离腔减小,部分脱离腔消失、视网膜基本复位。

结论：OCT可清晰观察Vogt-小柳原田综合征治疗前后视网膜结构变化,对该病的诊断及疗效评估有重要意义。     

Vogt-小柳原田病的光学相干断层扫描图像特征

目的:观察和分析Vogt-小柳原田病(Vogt-Koyanagi-Hara-da,VKH)葡萄膜炎期多湖状视网膜脱离的光学相干断层扫描(OCT)图像特征。方法:对12例VKH患者24眼进行眼底荧光血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)和OCT检查。结果:OCT图像可见12例24眼均有视网膜神经上皮浆液性脱离,视网膜下间隔将视网膜神经上皮脱离区分成多个部分。应用激素治疗后,视网膜浆液性渗出吸收,视网膜下的间隔完全消失。结论:VKH治疗前,视网膜下间隔导致VKH多湖状视网膜脱离。     

频域相干光断层扫描对急性Vogt-小柳原田综合征黄斑区的观察

目的观察急性Vogt-小柳原田综合征（VKH综合征）频域相干光断层扫描（Spectralis OCT）黄斑区结构改变特征。设计前瞻性病例系列。研究对象连续收集北京同仁医院急性期VKH综合征确诊病例10例（20眼）。方法所有病例均接受详细的病史采集,以及视力、裂隙灯显微镜、间接检眼镜和荧光素眼底血管造影等检查。频域OCT检查于就诊当日完成,此后每2—7日进行定位随诊模式OCT扫描,直至患者黄斑区视网膜完全复位。荧光素眼底血管造影和OCT阅片诊断由同一名眼底病医师独立完成。主要指标定性描述OCT下黄斑区视网膜各层结构变化特点。结果间接检眼镜下所有VKH综合征患者均可见后极部多湖状浆液性视网膜脱离。OCT检查显示4例8眼（40％）表现为视网膜神经上皮脱离型改变,2例4眼（20％）为视网膜神经上皮外层劈裂型改变,4例8眼（40％）呈混合型改变。结论急性VKH综合征患者黄斑区多湖样浆液性视网膜脱离是视网膜神经上皮脱离与视网膜神经上皮外层水肿或劈裂的共同结果。     

光学相干断层成像术对Vogt-小柳原田综合征早期诊断的意义

目的评估光学相干断层成像术(OCT)对Vogt-小柳原田综合征(VKH)早期诊断的意义。方法对9例16眼VKH患者早期行OCT检查,并行彩色眼底照相,荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)。全部病例均应用糖皮质激素冲击治疗1周后复查OCT1~2次。结果9例16眼VKH患者早期OCT检查表现为视网膜神经上皮层浆液性脱离、隆起呈泡状或多囊状,其脱离高度176~1209μm,平均高度(864·0±234·4)μm。经糖皮质激素冲击治疗1周,浆液性渗出迅速吸收,视网膜神经上皮脱离高度下降至141~220μm,平均(170·6±31·0)μm,与治疗前比较具有统计学上的差异(P<0·01)。结论在VKH早期,患眼视网膜神经上皮显著增厚、浆液性视网膜脱离,OCT在VKH早期诊断和治疗效果的观察评估中具有重要意义。     

初发期Vogt-小柳原田病的眼部表现及其荧光素眼底血管造影和频域光学相干断层扫描影像特征分析

目的探讨初发期Vogt-小柳原田病(VKH)的眼部表现及其影像特征。方法收集山西省临汾市尧都区眼科医院2010年1月至2013年4月就诊的17例(34只眼)初发期Vogt-小柳原田病患者的临床资料,对所有患者进行常规眼底检查和荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA),其中8例(8只眼)同时行频域光学相干断层扫描(OCT),结合患者病史进行综合回顾性分析。结果眼底检查和FFA检查显示所有患者均为双眼发病。FFA显示17例(33只眼)视乳头周围及后极部多发针尖样荧光素渗漏,晚期荧光素渗漏增强呈多湖状荧光素积存。其中视乳头周围毛细血管扩张、荧光素渗漏及视乳头边界不清者7例(14只眼);视乳头边界清及晚期荧光素着色者10例(20只眼)。1例(1只眼)仅表现为视乳头周围毛细血管扩张、荧光素渗漏及视乳头边界不清,但视网膜和脉络膜无荧光素渗漏。1例(1只眼)可见视乳头向周边部发散的放射状及条纹状低荧光。对8例(8只眼)分别进行视乳头周围及黄斑区、中周部频域OCT,显示视乳头周围视网膜神经上皮脱离,黄斑区和中周部视网膜神经上皮呈多发浅脱离及神经上皮内囊腔。结论眼底检查发现视乳头充血、视网膜水肿皱褶及视网膜浅脱离的患者,荧光素眼底血管造影检查多可见视乳头周围及后极部、中周部呈多发强荧光斑点,晚期荧光素渗漏增强且扩散融合呈多湖状荧光素积存;OCT检查可见视乳头周围视网膜神经上皮脱离、后极部及中周部视网膜神经上皮多发浅脱离及神经上皮内囊腔。     

OCT在Vogt-小柳原田综合征临床诊疗中的作用

目的 探讨频域相干光断层扫描(Optical Coherence Tonography,OCT)在Vogt-小柳原田综合征(VKH)临床诊疗过程中的作用.方法 对14例28只眼VKH患者早期行OCT检查,并行荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA).全部病例均应用甲强龙冲击3天后糖皮质激素口服治疗,在用药前、口服药前及口服强的松1周、1个后月均行OCT检查.结果 14例28只眼VKH患者早期OCT检查表现为视网膜神经上皮层及色素上皮层渗出性脱离、隆起呈泡状或多囊状.神经上皮最大脱离高度4058μm,最小脱离高度156 μm,平均(2869±138.65)μm,最大脱离直径超过6 mm扫描范围,最小直径1348 μm,色素上皮单发或多发脱离,应用甲强龙冲击3天后神经上皮脱离快速消退,神经上皮最大脱离高度2058 μm,最小脱离高度49μm,平均(1345±115.85) μm,最大脱离直径2568 μm,最小直径563μm,平均(1078±98.43)μm,与治疗前对比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).用药7～10天后 神经上皮及色素上皮脱离均消退,视乳头水肿明显减轻,所有患者均恢复至发病前视力,1个月后黄斑区神经上皮及色素上皮恢复正常,合并视乳头水肿者水肿均消退,视力稳定无下降.结论 OCT在VKH临床早期诊断、诊疗效果的评价以及与患者沟通方面均具有重要临床意义.     

频域OCT观察Vogt-小柳-原田病患者病程中黄斑中心凹的图像特点

目的 对Vogt-小柳-原田病患者黄斑中心凹处频域OCT图像特点进行分析,探讨影响患者视力预后因素.方法 经荧光素眼底血管造影确诊的13例(26眼)Vogt-小柳-原田病患者,皮质激素治疗前和治疗后1周、1个月、3个月、6个月进行频域OCT检查,对黄斑中心凹处OCT图像特点进行分析,并对治疗前后视力、眼底进行观察.结果 糖皮质激素治疗后1周42.3％的患眼视力≥0.4,治疗后3个月、6个月≥0.4者分别为73.1％、80.8％.治疗后1个月,大部分荧光素眼底血管造影正常,仅3眼有轻度视盘渗漏.治疗后3个月、6个月,荧光素眼底血管造影23眼未见异常,3眼出现色素紊乱.在皮质激素治疗前,26眼中有25眼(96.1％)黄斑中心凹处存在浆液性视网膜脱离,高度为(341±123) μm.有10眼(38.5％)视网膜层间有囊样间隙的存在,在囊样间隙的底部可见一连续单一的膜样结构平铺于视网膜色素上皮之上,此膜样结构和周围的IS/OS相连续.治疗l周后,25眼中有24眼(96.0％)浆液性视网膜脱离仍然存在,但是视网膜下液明显吸收,其高度为(118±56) μm,比治疗前平均下降65.4％,治疗前后差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01).8眼视网膜层间囊样间隙完全消失.治疗后1个月,26眼浆液性视网膜脱离和视网膜层间囊样间隙全部消失.治疗后3个月及6个月,黄斑中心凹OCT图像基本正常.结论 浆液性视网膜脱离是Vogt-小柳-原田病频域OCT图像的共有特点,部分患者视网膜出现层间囊样间隙,此囊样间隙好发于视网膜内外层之间.通过皮质激素治疗,浆液性视网膜脱离和视网膜层间囊样间隙均可吸收消失,但视网膜层间囊样间隙的消失要快于浆液性视网膜脱离.     

泡性视网膜脱离的影像学诊断分析

目的探讨眼底荧光素血管造影(FFA)及相干光断层成像(OCT)对泡性视网膜脱离的诊断价值。设计回顾性、非对照研究。研究对象 26例(48眼)泡性视网膜脱离患者。方法对26例(48眼)临床诊断为泡性视网膜脱离的患者,行FFA及 OCT检查,并对所获得图像进行分析。主要指标 FFA及OCT图像。结果 FFA表现为后极部多发性渗漏点,相互融合形成视网膜脱离。OCT表现为:(1)36眼后极部多灶性泡状视网膜神经上皮脱离,其中16眼伴色素上皮脱离。(2)12眼黄斑部神经上皮层间水肿,中心凹处神经上皮脱离。结论 OCT扫描能清晰直观地呈现病变组织细微结构的变化,对泡性视网膜脱离的视网膜损害程度及层次能准确地表现。与FFA结合,能更精确地呈现病变损害的整体情况,对泡性视网膜脱离的诊断及治疗追踪有较大价值。     

急性Vogt-小柳-原田综合征黄斑相干光断层扫描观察

目的观察急性Vogt-小柳-原田综合征(VKH综合征)的相干光断层扫描(OCT)图像特征以及与临床的关联。探讨新型频域OCT在急性VKH综合征结构特征和定量分析中的临床价值。方法回顾分析临床确诊的急性VKH综合征21例(42眼)的OCT检查资料。所有患者接受最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、直接或间接检眼镜、裂隙灯显微镜+前置镜检查和荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)检查。5线扫描(5 line Raster)模式下通过中心凹的水平+垂直两条扫描线的分析,对黄斑区视网膜各层结构变化的细微结构进行观察,用软件自带cliaper功能模块手工测量黄斑中心小凹厚度(FT)、神经上皮脱离高度(SRD)、神经上皮厚度(SRT)。在立方体(Cube)扫描模式下,采用软件自带的功能模块对黄斑中心厚度(CFT)、黄斑中心凹体积(V)、平均厚度(AT)进行测量。回顾分析时,重点分析黄斑区视网膜各层结构变化的细微结构,以及OCT图像特征与视力的相互关系。结果所有急性VKH综合征患者均可见后极部浆液性视网膜脱离。FT(r=0.2,P=0.00),SRD(r=0.83,P=0.00),CFT(r=0.81,P=0.000),AT(r=0.59,P=0.0001)和V(r=0.58,P=0.0001)值与初始视力呈负相关。视网膜色素上皮(RPE)上存在膜结构的35眼,平均视力为0.86±0.40logMAR,差于无膜结构的7眼(P=0.0074)。结论频域OCT可对急性VKH综合征特征性的黄斑改变进行定性及定量的观察,具有一定的诊断与鉴别诊断价值。VKH综合征的OCT图像特征性表现为:治疗前的渗出性视网膜脱离,"膜样"、"隔状"结构和RPE皱折,以及激素治疗后的"颗粒样"结构。存在"膜样"结构视力更差,FT和神经上皮脱离高度可能可反映脉络膜炎症的程度和疾病的严重程度。     

Vogt-小柳-原田综合征葡萄膜炎期的临床分析

目的分析Vogt-小柳-原田综合征（VKH）急性葡萄膜炎期视网膜脱离与睫状体和前部脉络膜脱离程度的相关性。方法VKH10例20眼，荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）的同时行超声生物显微镜（UBM）及光学相干断层成像术（OCT）检查，对UBM检查测量的睫状体和前部脉络膜脱离的高度与OCT测量的视网膜神经上皮脱离的高度进行相关性分析。结果FFA检查20眼均有多湖样视网膜脱离，UBM检查20眼均有睫状体和前部脉络膜脱离，脱离的高度均值为（185．2±209．0）μm，OCT检查显示视网膜神经上皮和色素上皮（RPE）脱离，脱离的高度为215～967μm，平均（557．07±268．96）μm。睫状体和前部脉络膜脱离与视网膜神经上皮脱离高度呈显著正相关（r=0．867，P=0．001）。结论VKH急性葡萄膜炎期脉络膜炎性渗出液向内通过受损的RPE蓄积在视网膜神经上皮下产生视网膜脱离，向外也可蓄积在脉络膜上腔并前行至睫状体上腔而产生睫状体脉络膜脱离，二者有明显相关性。     

Tomographic features of serous retinal detachment with multilobular dye pooling in acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease

PURPOSE: To clarify the morphologic background of serous retinal detachment with multilobular dye pooling on fluorescein angiography (FA) in acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease. DESIGN: Retrospective uncontrolled case series. METHODS: setting: Institutional study. study population: Ten eyes of five patients aged 16 to 52 years (average age, 31 years) with VKH disease who presented with a serous retinal detachment. observation procedures: Clinical examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT). main outcome measures: Findings on OCT and FA. RESULTS: All eyes had multilobular dye pooling with a dark rim on late-phase FA. OCT revealed subretinal septa that divided the subretinal space into several compartments. The subretinal septum lay on the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the foveal area, forming the posterior wall of the subfoveal compartment while it detached from the RPE in the perifoveal area, which served as a lateral wall between the subfoveal and perifoveal compartments. The dark rims of each area of subretinal dye pooling corresponded to the subretinal septa. Soon after steroid pulse therapy, the subretinal septa resolved completely in all eyes. CONCLUSION: Subretinal septa caused multilobular dye pooling in serous retinal detachment associated with acute VKH disease. We assume that the subretinal septa are comprised of inflammatory products such as fibrin, which immediately resolve after steroid pulse therapy.     

Optical coherence tomography in the acute and chronic phases of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease

PURPOSE: To assess the potential of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the diagnosis and monitoring of serous retinal detachment in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease and to describe OCT characteristics of subretinal sequelae of the disease. METHODS: Six patients in the acute phase of VKH disease with serous retinal detachment were followed in our department from July 2001 to December 2003 using slit-lamp biomicroscopy, OCT, and fluorescein angiography. RESULTS: OCT was effective in objectively quantifying the amount of serous retinal detachment present and then in following the resolution of subretinal fluid accumulation. Subretinal pigmented lesions on angiography corresponded with retinal pigment epithelium hypertrophy and fibrosis on OCT. CONCLUSION: A beneficial effect of treatment was observed within days, paralleling the improvement in visual acuity. Retinal pigment epithelium hypertrophy and fibrosis in the chronic phase of the disease were analyzed with OCT for the first time.     

Optical Coherence Tomography in the Acute and Chronic Phases of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease

Purpose: To assess the potential of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the diagnosis and monitoring of serous retinal detachment in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease and to describe OCT characteristics of subretinal sequelae of the disease. Methods: Six patients in the acute phase of VKH disease with serous retinal detachment were followed in our department from July 2001 to December 2003 using slit-lamp biomicroscopy, OCT, and fluorescein angiography. Results: OCT was effective in objectively quantifying the amount of serous retinal detachment present and then in following the resolution of subretinal fluid accumulation. Subretinal pigmented lesions on angiography corresponded with retinal pigment epithelium hypertrophy and fibrosis on OCT. Conclusion: A beneficial effect of treatment was observed within days, paralleling the improvement in visual acuity. Retinal pigment epithelium hypertrophy and fibrosis in the chronic phase of the disease were analyzed with OCT for the first time.     

Choroiditis in systemic lupus erythematosus: systemic steroid therapy and focal laser treatment

PURPOSE: To report a rare case of choroiditis in association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). CASE: A 49-year-old woman with a 17-year history of SLE experienced acute vision impairment of her left eye during the remission stage of systemic SLE. Fundus examination revealed a gray-white subretinal exudate with serous retinal detachment. Angiographic examination disclosed choroidal inflammation at the macula and a breakdown of the blood retinal barrier. Retinal burns were applied to the subretinal exudate with an argon laser as in the treatment of central serous retinopathy. Afterward, her visual acuity showed prompt recovery due to the regression of the serous retinal detachment. However, the choroidal inflammation remained until the systemic condition was controlled with steroid therapy. RESULTS: Laser treatment of a subretinal exudate was helpful for the resolution of serous detachment and the prompt improvement of visual acuity, whereas systemic steroid therapy was effective for choroidal inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic steroid therapy is thought to be effective for SLE choroiditis; however, this therapy is also known to cause serous retinal detachment. Thus, in SLE choroiditis, laser photocoagulation at a leakage point, in addition to systemic steroid therapy, may be helpful for the prompt restoration of vision in patients with serous retinal detachment.     

Serous Retinal Detachment Following Combined Photodynamic Therapy and Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection

We report a case of serous retinal detachment following combined photodynamic therapy (PDT) and intravitreal bevacizumab injection in subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV).A 53-year-old woman was diagnosed with subfoveal CNV secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and treated with combined PDT and intravitreal bevacizumab injection. One day after treatment, the patient experienced a sudden decline of vision and optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed serous retinal detachment involving the macula. She was managed conservatively with an oral steroid beginning on the second day of the combined treatment and the subretinal fluid started to decrease one week following the initiation of steroids.This case suggests that combined PDT and intravitreal injection of bevacizumab can be associated with serous retinal detachment. Additional studies are needed to establish the safety and complications following this treatment regimen.     

Serous Macular Detachment Associated with Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm

Purpose

To report optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings of macular edema secondary to retinal arterial macroaneurysms.

Methods

Six eyes with retinal arterial macroaneurysms were retrospectively examined by OCT. All eyes had macular edema without massive macular hemorrhage. Fluorescein angiography was performed in six eyes, and indocyanine green angiography was done in four eyes. Five eyes underwent direct laser photocoagulation to the retinal arterial macroaneurysms. The foveal thickness, height of the serous macular detachment, and visual acuity (VA) were evaluated from the initial examination until the macular edema resolved.

Results

In all six eyes, the macular edema secondary to retinal arterial macroaneurysms comprised a serous macular detachment with retinal swelling. No cystoid macular edema was observed in any eyes. Dye leakage occurred only from the macroaneurysms in all eyes. OCT showed complete resolution of the serous macular detachment and retinal swelling 1 to 4 months after the initial examination. Macular hard exudates developed during absorption of the serous macular detachment in all eyes. VA improved more than two lines in all eyes after the macular edema resolved.

Conclusion

Retinal arterial macroaneurysms may leak extravasated fluid into the subretinal space, which may result in a serous macular detachment.?Jpn J Ophthalmol 2006;50:460–464 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2006