急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织骨桥蛋白表达及骨桥蛋白对TNF-α、IL-10表达的影响

目的:观察脂多糖(LPS)所致急性肺损伤(ALI)大鼠肺组织骨桥蛋白(OPN)的表达及OPN对ALI大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα-)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)表达的影响。方法:将56只SD大鼠按随机数字表分为对照组8只、ALI组和干预组各24只,ALI组和干预组再分为2、4、8小时各8只。对照组经尾静脉注射生理盐水1 ml,ALI组和干预组经尾静脉注入LPS液1ml(含LPS 6 mg/kg),5分钟后干预组再尾静脉注入抗骨桥蛋白抗体(1∶32)0.5 ml,而对照组和ALI组注射生理盐水0.5 ml。检测各组大鼠动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、肺湿/干重比(W/D);比较肺组织病理学改变和肺损伤评分;采用免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测肺组织匀浆OPN表达,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定大鼠TNFα-、IL-10的变化。结果:①ALI组2、4、8小时PaO2均较对照组明显降低(P<0.01);干预组PaO2较ALI组同时间点明显升高(P<0.05)。②肺W/D、肺损伤评分:ALI组2、4、8小时均较对照组明显升高(P<0.01),而干预组在相同时间点较ALI组降低(P<0.05)。③ALI组2、4、8小时血清IL-10较对照组明显升高(P<0.01);干预组血清IL-10较ALI组同时间点明显升高(P<0.05)。ALI组各时间点血清TNFα-及TNFα-/IL-10比值均较对照组明显升高(P<0.01);而干预组较ALI组同时间点显著降低(P<0.01)。④ALI组2、4、8小时大鼠肺组织匀浆OPN蛋白较对照组明显升高(P<0.01);干预组与ALI组同时间点比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:LPS致ALI大鼠肺组织OPN表达增加,OPN可加重LPS致大鼠ALI,其机制可能与OPN上调TNFα-及下调IL-10表达有关。     

Wortmannin对急性肺损伤小鼠肺组织IL-1β和TNF-α表达的影响

目的研究Wortmannin对急性肺损伤模型小鼠肺组织白介素-1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达的影响。方法 30只昆明小鼠随机分为正常对照组、急性肺损伤组和Wortmannin处理组。采用腹腔注射LPS(10 mg/kg)建立小鼠急性肺损伤模型,对照组腹腔注射同体积的生理盐水,Wortmannin处理组则于造模前2 h腹腔注射Wortmannin(1.4 mg/kg)。LPS注射后6 h处死大鼠,计算肺组织湿/干重(W/D)比值,Western blot方法检测三组小鼠肺组织内IL-1β和TNF-α蛋白的表达变化,RT-PCR方法检测三组小鼠肺组织内IL-1βmRNA和TNF-αmRNA的表达变化。结果急性肺损伤组小鼠肺组织IL-1β和TNF-α蛋白及mRNA表达水平显著上升,显著高于正常对照组(0.05);相比于急性肺损伤组小鼠,Wortmannin处理组小鼠肺组织IL-1β和TNF-α蛋白及mRNA表达水平显著降低(0.05)。结论 Wortmannin能抑制急性肺损伤小鼠肺组织IL-1β和TNF-α表达。     

树莓酮对NASH大鼠血液中TNF-α、IL-1和IL-18表达的影响

目的观察树莓酮对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)大鼠血液中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、白细胞介素-18(IL-18)的影响。方法 SD大鼠50只,分为5组:正常对照组(NC),模型组(M)树莓酮低剂量组(RKL)树莓酮中剂量组(RKM)和树莓酮高剂量组(RKH)。采用高脂饲料喂养复制NASH大鼠模型。在RKL组、RKM组和RKH组饲喂高脂饲料4周后,分别以浓度为5g/L,10g/L,20g/L的树莓酮溶液进行干预。给药4周后,处死大鼠,采集肝脏标本,HE染色作肝脏病理组织学检查;醋酸双氧铀柠檬酸铅染色,透射电镜观察肝脏组织超微结构变化;酶联免疫法(ELISA)测量血液中TNF-α、IL-1和IL-18的水平。结果与NC组比较,M组肝细胞出现明显脂肪变性,肿大,胞浆内充满脂肪空泡或脂滴,线粒体嵴消失等结构异常改变明显并且血液中TNF-α、IL-1和IL-18的水平显著升高(P<0.05)。与M组比较,RKL、RKM、RKH三个剂量组肝细胞异常结构均有不同程度的改善并且三个剂量组血液中的TNF-α、IL-1和IL-18水平均有不同程度降低(P<0.05)。结论树酶酮改善NASH的作用,可能与降低大鼠血液中炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1和IL-18的水平相关。     

低氧对大鼠大脑皮层细胞表达IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α mRNA的影响

目的:观察不同氧浓度环境下不同时间处理对大鼠大脑皮层细胞表达IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α mRNA的影响。方法:原代培养新生SD大鼠大脑皮层细胞,设1%、4%两个低氧浓度和3、6 h两个低氧处理时间,处理结束后收集各组细胞,采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-QPCR)方法检测各组细胞表达IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-αmRNA情况。结果:与相应的常氧对照组相比,1%和4%氧浓度环境处理细胞3 h和6 h时,IL-1β和TNF-αmRNA表达量均无明显变化(P>0.05);处理细胞3 h时,IL-6 mRNA表达量均无明显变化(P>0.05),但有上升的趋势,处理细胞6 h时IL-6 mRNA表达量均显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:1%和4%氧浓度环境虽均对大脑皮层细胞表达IL-1β和TNF-α mRNA无影响,但可诱导细胞表达IL-6 mRNA,且具有时间依赖性。     

油酸型急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织中RhoA的表达及对IL-8、IL-10表达的影响

目的:观察油酸型急性肺损伤(AIL)大鼠肺组织中小G蛋白(RhoA)的表达以及其对IL-8/IL-10表达的影响,探讨RhoA与急性肺损伤的关系.方法:建立大鼠油酸急性肺损伤模型,检测各组大鼠肺湿/干重比,比较肺组织病理学改变;采用聚合酶链反应检测肺组织匀浆RhoA表达,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定大鼠IL-10/IL-8的变化.结果:肺W/D损伤组在2、6、12、24、48 h均较对照组明显升高(P＜0.01),而治疗组在相同时间点较损伤组降低(P＜0.05).治疗组2、6、12、24、48 h血液中IL-10较对照组升高(P＜0.05);IL-10较损伤组同时间点明显升高(P＜0.05).损伤组各时间点血清IL-8较对照组明显升高(P＜0.01),而干预组较损伤组同时间点显著降低(P＜0.01).损伤组2、6、12、24、48 h大鼠肺组织RhoA较对照组明显升高(P＜0.01);干预组与损伤组同时间点比较无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论:油酸型急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织中RhoA表达增加,而RhoA表达增加可致大鼠肺损伤程度增大,RhoA可能通过上调表达IL-8及下调IL-10表达作用而导致肺损伤程度加大.     

IL-1、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α对输血相关急性肺损伤患者预后的影响

目的 探讨白细胞介素1(IL-1)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素8(IL-8)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)对输血相关急性肺损伤患者预后的影响.方法 选取自2016年2月1日至2017年6月1日我院收治的输血性肺损伤患者44例(输血相关组),选取同时期我院收治的其他原因导致的急性肺损伤患者40例(肺损伤组)和健康体检者40例(健康组),根据输血相关组患者死亡情况将其分为48 h存活组和48 h死亡组.观察不同组别患者的血清IL-1、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α的表达水平.结果 肺损伤组患者和输血相关组患者血清IL-1、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α均显著高于健康组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而输血相关组患者血清IL-1和IL-6显著高于肺损伤组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);存活组IL-1、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α表达水平均显著低于死亡组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),随着输血量的升高IL-1、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α的表达水平也升高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).44例输血相关肺损伤患者中死亡例数为19例,病死率为43.18％,肺损伤患者死亡例数为5例,病死率为12.5％,差异具有统计学意义(x2=9.66,P＜0.05),Person相关系数为0.339,存在相关.结论 患者入院时血清促炎因子水平和发生输血相关肺损伤患者存活和死亡相关,且输血量与炎症因子水平相关,IL-1、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α对输血所致急性肺损伤死亡患者具有一定的预测价值.     

碘化钠对人甲状腺上皮细胞TNF-α、IL-1β分泌的影响

为研究碘化钠 (NaI)对人甲状腺上皮细胞 (TEC )分泌细胞因子TNF α和IL 1β的影响 ,以探讨碘在GD病 (GD )发病中的可能机制 ,取手术切除的GD病患者甲状腺组织和甲状腺腺瘤患者瘤旁正常甲状腺组织 ,进行细胞培养。以不同浓度的NaI (10 8～ 10 3 mol/L )刺激单层培养的甲状腺细胞 ,采用放射免疫测定技术测定刺激前后甲状腺细胞培养上清液中细胞因子TNF α和IL 1β的含量。同时以透射电镜观察NaI刺激后甲状腺细胞的形态学改变。结果 :(1)正常甲状腺细胞能分泌少量的TNF α和IL 1β。GD的甲状腺细胞TNF α和IL 1β的分泌量与正常TEC相比显著增加 (P <0 0 1) ;(2 )当NaI浓度为 10 8～10 3 mol/L时 ,正常人甲状腺细胞TNF α、IL 1β的分泌量与 0mol/L组相比无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;透射电镜示正常甲状腺细胞无损伤型改变 ;(3)当NaI浓度为 10 6～ 10 3 mol/L时 ,GD甲状腺细胞TNF α的分泌量显著增加 (P <0 0 5 ) ;当NaI浓度为 10 8～ 10 3 mol/L时 ,GD甲状腺细胞IL 1β的分泌量显著增加 (P <0 0 5 )。NaI浓度超过 10 6mol/L时 ,透射电镜示GD甲状腺细胞出现损伤型改变。表明高浓度的碘不仅造成GD甲状腺细胞的直接损伤 ,而且可以增加甲状腺细胞细胞因子TNF α和IL 1β的分泌 ,特别是在GD甲状腺细     

姜黄素治疗大鼠脑出血后血清IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α变化的实验研究

目的 本研究旨在探索大鼠脑出血(intracerebral hemorrhage,ICH)用姜黄素治疗后血清IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α变化情况,评价姜黄素在治疗脑出血中的抗炎价值,从而为临床应用姜黄素治疗脑出血提供科学的实验数据.方法 24只健康雄性成年SD大鼠,单纯随机分为术前正常对照组(A组),脑出血姜黄素治疗组(B组),脑出血空白对照组(C组),假手术组(D组),每组6只大鼠.立体定位下右侧基底节注射胶原酶法制备大鼠脑出血模型.于建模成功后6h、24h、48h、3d、5d、7d、14d,给各组大鼠尾静脉取血测IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α.将B组与C组、D组的IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α值行两样本t检验比较,P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果 B组的神经生物学评分较相应时期的C组低,较相应时期的D组高,差异有统计学意义.B组的血清IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α水平在术后6h即升高,3d达最高水平,随后开始逐渐恢复,且各个时期的血清IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α水平均较同时期C组低,较同时期的D组高,差异均有统计学意义.结果 姜黄素能加快大鼠脑出血后血清炎症因子的吸收,对大鼠脑出血有抗炎作用.     

白杨素对脓毒症急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织TNF-α表达的影响

目的观察白杨素对脓毒症相关急性肺损伤(ALI)大鼠肺组织肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达的影响。方法 72只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、脂多糖(LPS)组、白杨素低剂量组(C-L,10mg/kg)和白杨素高剂量组(C-H,30mg/kg),每组18只大鼠。各组大鼠进行右肺上叶切除,行病理组织学检查;中叶切除,进行肺组织湿/干重(W/D)的重量比。采用Western blot方法和Real-time-PCR方法分别检测肺组织TNF-α的蛋白和m RNA表达水平。结果 LPS诱导ALI组的W/D比值比正常对照组显著升高(<0.05),应用白杨素治疗后,W/D比值显著降低(<0.05)。ALI组大鼠光镜下可见肺泡壁增厚,肺水肿及肺泡塌陷,严重出血且有明显的炎性细胞浸润,经白杨素治疗后,炎性减轻。Western blot和Real-time-PCR检测结果显示,ALI组大鼠肺组织TNF-α蛋白和m RNA表达水平显著高于对照组(<0.05),而C-H和C-L组比ALI组明显减少(<0.05)。结论白杨素对ALI大鼠肺脏的保护作用可能与抑制炎症因子TNF-α的表达相关。     

卡氏肺大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6基因表达的变化

目的探讨卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎(Pneumocysitis carinii pneumonia,PCP)大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞(Alveolar macrophage,AM)TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6基因表达的变化。方法采用AM体外培养技术,应用RT-PCR法分别测定脂多糖(LPS)诱导的AM中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6基因表达的动态变化。结果肺泡巨噬细胞受LPS刺激后,PCP模型大鼠TNF-αmRNA在1、4 h表达高于正常组(P<0.05),IL-1βmRNA表达在4、8 h时表达高于正常组(P<0.01),IL-6mRNA表达在8 h时PCP高于正常(P<0.05),表达峰值都提前,并且在4 h达到峰值。结论LPS刺激后,PCP大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞在早期可能更易分泌TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6作为免疫分子,起免疫防御和免疫损伤作用。     

黄芩苷对急性肺损伤大鼠炎性因子表达的影响

目的探究黄芩苷对急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织炎性因子表达的影响。方法将56只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、黄芩苷组与模型组,每组又细分为1 h、4 h与8 h三个亚组,每组8只,采用腹腔注射LPS(10 mg/kg)建立大鼠肺损伤模型。HE染色观察肺组织病理形态学改变,测定并计算各组大鼠肺湿/干重比,免疫组织化学法测定肺组织NF-κB水平,酶联吸附法检测IL-1β、IL-8及TNF-α水平。结果 HE染色结果显示,模型组大鼠肺组织炎性细胞浸润明显,肺泡结构损坏严重;与模型组相比,同一时间点黄芩苷组大鼠炎性细胞浸润减轻,肺泡结构较为完整。与模型组相比,同一时间点黄芩苷组大鼠肺湿/干比重显著降低,肺组织NF-κB蛋白表达的平均光密度值显著降低,血清IL-1β、IL-8及TNF-α的表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。结论黄芩苷能够通过抑制肺部炎症反应,降低急性肺损伤大鼠的肺组织损伤程度。     

姜黄素对急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织诱导型一氧化氮合酶和内皮型一氧化氮合酶表达的影响

目的:探讨姜黄素对内毒素(LPS)致急性肺损伤(ALI)模型大鼠肺组织中诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)表达的影响。方法:雄性SD大鼠采用随机数字表法分为对照组、急性肺损伤模型组及姜黄素治疗组。采用一次性气管内滴注内毒素4 mg/kg制备急性肺损伤模型大鼠,治疗组于造模前15 min腹腔注射姜黄素200 mg/kg,于造模后3、6、12 h及24 h取肺组织,观察并比较各组肺组织形态学改变,并检测肺湿/干重比、肺含水量和肺组织中NO的含量,real-time PCR及免疫印迹法检测iNOS和eNOS的mRNA和蛋白表达。结果:模型组大鼠肺湿/干重比、肺组织含水量及NO含量均较对照组明显升高,iNOS的mRNA和蛋白表达量较对照组显著上调,而eNOS的mRNA和蛋白表达量较对照组显著下调。与模型组相比,姜黄素治疗组肺湿/干重比、肺含水量、NO含量均明显降低,iNOS的mRNA和蛋白表达量明显下调,eNOS的mRNA和蛋白表达量明显上调。结论:姜黄素可下调内毒素致急性肺损伤模型大鼠肺组织iNOS表达,并匕调eNOS表达。     

Effect of lisofylline and pentoxifylline on the bacterial-stimulated production of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta IL-10 by human leucocytes.

The present study concerns the effect of the xanthine derivates lisofylline (LSF) and pentoxifylline (PTX) on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and the de-activating cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) by human leucocytes during stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), heat-killed Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) or Gram-positive bacteria (GPB). The production of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta by leucocytes stimulated with LPS, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) or Streptococcus pneumoniae was inhibited by both drugs. The production of IL-10 by leucocytes stimulated with LPS and Hib was inhibited by both xanthine derivates only at 48 hr. However, incubation of leucocytes with S. pneumoniae in the presence of LSF or PTX stimulated the production of IL-10 about four- and twofold at 24 hr and 48 hr, respectively. In all instances, the extent of inhibition or enhancement of cytokine production by LSF or PTX was equal. The divergent effects of xanthine derivates on the IL-10 production indicate the existence of distinct intracellular pathways depending on whether leucocytes are stimulated by GPB or GNB.     

Effect of IL-1beta,TNF-alpha and IL-4 on complement regulatory protein mRNA expression in human articular chondrocytes

Most of the cells possess complement regulatory proteins (CRPs) that protect them against complement-mediated damage. In our previous work we revealed that human articular chondrocytes express CPRs. Moreover, increase of CRPs expression after treatment of chondrocytes with proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-alpha has been demonstrated by ELISA technique. Chondroprotective cytokine IL-4 stimulated expression of CD46 only. In this work RT-PCR technique was used to evaluate the expression of mRNA of cell surface CPRs in cultured isolated articular human chondrocytes after treatment with IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IL-4. Chondrocytes stimulated with IL-1beta and TNF-alpha showed augmented levels of CD46, CD55 and CD59 mRNA. Treatment with IL-4, however, increased only the level of CD46 mRNA. These results confirm and extend our previous observations. CD35 mRNA was not found. Expression of complement regulatory proteins on chondrocytes and its upregulation by cytokines stimulating matrix degradation could be important for the protection of these cells against complement-mediated lysis, which might be caused by immunocomplexes deposited in articular cartilage in inflammatory joint diseases.     

TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, IL-6, and IL-10 polymorphisms in patients with lung cancer

Apart from cigarette smoking, genetic factors seem to be of importance in the development of lung cancer. The present case-control study investigated frequencies of five inflammatory response gene polymorphisms (TNF-alpha-308, TNF-beta-Intron1-252, IL-6-174, IL-10-819 and IL-10-1082) in patients with lung cancer and controls. The study population consisted of 117 patients with lung cancer (77 patients with NSCLC, including 40 Squamous Cell Carcinoma and 26 Adenocarcinoma, and 40 patients with SCLC), 117 matched controls without pulmonary disease and 243 healthy individuals (population control). Genotype analyses revealed no difference in genotype frequencies using matched-pair analysis. However, in comparison to the population control, the IL-10-1082 genotypes carrying the G allele appeared with higher frequency in the SCLC group (p=0.006) [SCLC: 84.6%, population controls: 64.6%]. This yields an odds ratio of 3.01 for SCLC (95% CI = [1.21, 7.48]). No associations were seen for all other polymorphisms analysed. The study raises the possibility of a correlation between the IL-10-1082_G allele and the presence of SCLC in a German population. The functional IL-10-1082 polymorphism correlates with altered IL-10 levels and might influence lung cancer susceptibility by altered inflammatory responses in the airways.     

急性肺损伤大鼠多核白细胞与肺组织β受体变化的相关性研究

目的:观察急性肺损伤(ALI)大鼠循环血多核白细胞(PMN)和肺组织β肾上腺素能受体(β-AR)的变化,并探讨二者β-AR变化的相关性.方法:静注内毒素复制大鼠ALI模型,循环血PMN及肺组织β-AR用放射性配基结合分析法测定.结果:静注内毒素后1、4、6h,大鼠循环血PMN及肺组织β-AR的最大结合容量(Bmax)均明显低于对照组(P＜0.01);静注内毒素后4h,6h较1h及6h较4hPMNβ-AR的Bmax均显著降低(P＜0.05),肺组织β-AR Bmax各内毒素组间差异不明显(P＞0.05);循环血PMN和肺组织β-AR变化在程度上无相关性(P＞0.05).结论:ALI时循环血PMN及肺组织β-AR数目均明显减少,其在ALI发生发展中可能起一定的作用,但ALI时外周血PMN β-AR不能作为观察肺组织β-AR变化的相关指标.     

IL-1beta, IL-10, INF-gamma, TNF-alpha, S100beta, AMA-M2 and cell immune response in stroke

Clinical data showed a role for stress, inflammatory, innate immune and adaptive immune mechanisms is stroke. Absolute and relative count of lymphocytes decrease, CD3 HLA DR+ and immunoregulatory balance (CD4+/CD8+) increase, concentration of IL-1beta, INF-gamma, TNF-alpha, S100beta, AMA-M2 increase, IL-10 decrease were detected in peripheral blood of 25 patients with stroke. It is explained that the products of brain cell stroke destruction (AMA-M2) play in autoimmune stroke progress mechanisms the same role as neurospecific proteins as S100beta. It is concluded that both stereotype and autoimmune mechanisms are involved in the development of stroke.     

急性肺损伤大鼠多核白细胞与肺组织β受体变化的相关性研究

目的:观察急性肺损伤(ALI)大鼠循环血多核白细胞(PMN)和肺组织β肾上腺素能受体(β-AR)的变化,并探讨二者β-AR变化的相关性。方法:静注内毒素复制大鼠ALI模型,循环血PMN及肺组织β-AR用放射性配基结合分析法测定。结果:静注内毒素后1、4、6 h,大鼠循环血PMN及肺组织β-AR的最大结合容量(Bmax)均明显低于对照组(P＜0.01);静注内毒素后4 h, 6 h较1 h及6 h较4 h PMNβ-AR的Bmax均显著降低(P＜0.05),肺组织β-AR Bmax各内毒素组间差异不明显(P＞0.05);循环血PMN和肺组织β-AR变化在程度上无相关性(P＞0.05)。结论:ALI时循环血PMN及肺组织β-AR数目均明显减少,其在ALI发生发展中可能起一定的作用,但ALI时外周血PMN β-AR不能作为观察肺组织β-AR变化的相关指标。     

Effect of fentanyl on TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels during global ischemia/reperfusion in rats

To reduce surgical stress, fentanyl is frequently used for neurosurgical procedures in which focal and/or global ischemia may occur. However, the effect of fentanyl on cytokine levels during ischemia/reperfusion is still uncertain. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of fentanyl infusion on levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta, during global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats using the intracerebral microdialysis technique. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 280-320 g were randomly assigned to each of four groups: group 1 (no fentanyl infusion and only ischemia/reperfusion); group 2 (1.5 ng/ml of fentanyl infusion during ischemia/reperfusion) and group 3 (3 ng/ml of fentanyl infusion during ischemia/reperfusion) (n=5 in each group). The rats were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital (50 mg/kg). They were then intubated and ventilated with room air using an animal ventilator. A CMA-12 probe was inserted into the left hippocampal CA-1 region according to the guidelines. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid was run from the inserted microdialysis probe and infused with or without fentanyl at 3 microl/min using a microinjection syringe pump during ischemia/reperfusion. Ischemia was induced by clamping the carotid arteries. Hemorrhagic hypotension was induced for 17 min via the femoral artery, and reperfusion was accomplished by unclamping the sling and reinfusing the blood via the femoral artery. After 2 h of stabilization, the microdialysate was collected 10 times every 17 min, just before ischemia (control), after ischemia (I) and after reperfusion (R1-R8), and stored at -80 degrees C until analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography During global ischemia/reperfusion, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta significantly increased at reperfusion (R5) compared with the control value (p < 0.05). However, in both cases of fentanyl infusion, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta showed no increase compared with the control value. Fentanyl inhibited an increase of the proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels, during global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats.