曲尼司特对大鼠心肌梗塞后心肌纤维化及TGF-β1表达的影响

目的观察曲尼司特对大鼠心肌梗塞(MI)后左室心肌纤维化(MF)和转化生长因子-β1(TGF-B1)表达的影响.方法结扎左冠状动脉前降支建立大鼠心肌梗塞模型,随机分成3组假手术组、MI模型组和曲尼司特治疗组(400 mg·kg1·d1).4周后测定血流动力学指标评价心功能,测量左心室重与体重之比、梗死面积、非梗死区心肌羟脯氨酸(HYP)含量和TGF-B1的表达.结果与MI模型组比较,曲尼司特治疗后心肌梗死面积无明显改变(P＞0.05),但左室功能显著改善(P＜0.05),左心室肥大减轻(P＜0.01),非梗死区心肌HYP含量和TGF-B1表达降低(P＜0.05).结论曲尼司特可下调大鼠非梗死区心肌TOF-β1表达及降低HYP含量,减轻MI后左室非梗死区心肌纤维化,改善心功能.     

睾酮对心肌梗塞大鼠肥大心肌肌球蛋白ATP酶活性及其同工酶分布的影响

本文观察了肌注睾酮对心肌梗塞(MI)雄鼠左室非梗塞区心肌肥大以及肥大心肌肌球蛋白ATP酶活性和同工酶分布的影响。术后第21日,经睾酮处理的MI组不仅心肌细胞直径明显大于对照MI组,且肌球蛋白ATP酶活性也比对照MI组明显提高(P<0.05)。电泳分析进一步表明,这种提高与同工酶V_1的含量增加有关(80% vs 74%,P<0.05)。提示MI后肌注睾酮在促进非梗塞心肌肥大的同时还能提高心肌的收缩性能,从而有助于左室功能的改善。     

大鼠非梗塞区心肌线粒体呼吸酶活性的动态变化及睾酮的影响

观察了心肌梗塞(MI)雄鼠非梗塞区心肌线粒体呼吸酶:细胞色素C氧化酶(CCO)和琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)的动态变化及肌注睾酮的影响。结果:随梗塞时间的延长,线粒体CCO、SDH活性逐渐降低。到MI后9天,CCO及SDH活性分别明显低于自身1天组,而睾酮MI组(MIT)的SDH活性:3天组明显高于MI及正常对照组(NC),到MI后9天,又显著降低;CCO活性:1天组明显高于NC组,3天、9天组均明显低于NC及自身1天组。结果提示:心肌梗塞后,非梗塞区心肌线粒体CCO和SDH活性早期代偿性升高,之后均降低。短期应用睾酮可显著增加其活性,较长时间应用则明显抑制之。     

磁敏感加权成像及T2~* mapping成像在评估早期腰椎间盘退变中的应用

目的探讨磁敏感加权成像(SWI)及T2~*mapping成像在腰椎间盘退变早期诊断及分级评估中的价值。方法选取陆军军医大学第一附属医院2016年7月至2017年4月非特异性下腰痛并伴有MRI检查指征的患者42例(117个腰椎间盘),将所有腰椎间盘基于Pfirrmann分级标准分为3组,再基于SWI分级标准分为3级,并采用T2~*mapping成像技术测量每个椎间盘的T2~*值,分析其相关性。结果腰椎间盘各组间的SWI分级差异有极显著性统计学意义(P 0. 01),各分组与SWI分级显示有很好的等级相关性(r=0. 786,P 0. 01),2种评估腰椎间盘退变程度的方法具有较强的一致性(Kappa=0. 716)。T2~*值与基于Pfirrmann分级的分组及SWI分级均呈明显负相关(P 0. 01)。结论 SWI及T2~*mapping成像可用于对腰椎间盘退变程度的评估及早期诊断。     

阿托伐他汀对心肌梗死大鼠心肌细胞核内FoxO3a表达的影响

目的探讨阿托伐他汀对大鼠心肌梗死(myocardial infarction,MI)后心肌细胞核内FoxO3a表达和心室重构的影响。方法建立大鼠MI模型,24 h后存活大鼠随机分成MI组(n=8)、阿托伐他汀10 mg组[10 mg/(kg.d),Ato组,n=8],同时另设假手术组(Sham组,n=10)。4周后观察左心室质量指数(left ventricular mass index,LVMI),免疫组化染色和RT-PCR检测FoxO3a在左心室非梗死区(non-infarction zone,NIZ)心肌细胞核内蛋白质和mRNA表达水平,流式细胞技术(flow cytometry,FCM)检测FoxO3a蛋白在NIZ心肌细胞核内表达含量。SAS9.1统计软件分析数据。结果 MI组与Sham组相比,LVMI显著增加(P<0.05);左室心肌非梗死区FoxO3a mRNA、FoxO3a蛋白表达(免疫组化)、FCM检测心肌细胞核内蛋白表达量表达均降低(P<0.05)。与MI组相比,Ato组LVMI显著下降(P<0.05);但高于Sham组(P<0.05);与MI组比较Ato组左室心肌非梗死区FoxO3a mRNA、Fox-O3a蛋白表达(免疫组化)、FCM检测心肌细胞核内蛋白表达量表达均显著增高(P<0.05);但低于Sham组(P<0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀能够有效地改善MI后心室重构,机制可能与上调细胞核内FoxO3a表达量有关。     

松果菊苷通过调控JAK1/STAT3信号通路改善老年心肌梗死大鼠的免疫功能

目的探讨松果菊苷通过调控JAK1/STAT3信号通路改善老年心肌梗死大鼠免疫功能紊乱的机制。方法以SD大鼠为研究对象,分为假手术组(sham组)、心肌梗死组(MI组)、松果菊苷低剂量组(ECH-L组,25 mg/kg)和松果菊苷高剂量组(ECH-H组,50 mg/kg),通过永久性结扎冠状动脉左前降支建立心肌梗死(MI)模型,松果菊苷经过腹腔注射给药;HE染色观察大鼠心肌组织病理变化;Masson染色观察大鼠心肌组织梗死面积;流式细胞术检测大鼠外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群水平;ELISA检测大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6表达水平;半自动化分析仪测定大鼠血清心肌酶谱的表达情况;Western blot法检测pJAK1、p-STAT3蛋白表达水平。结果松果菊苷能明显减少大鼠心肌中的中性粒细胞数量,减少大鼠心肌组织梗死面积(P0.05);MI组中CD4~+的水平、CD4~+/CD8~+比值高于sham组(均P0.01),CD8~+的水平低于sham组(P0.01);ECH-L组和ECH-H组中CD4~+的水平、CD4~+/CD8~+比值低于MI组(均P0.05),CD8~+的水平高于MI组(P0.05);与sham组比较,MI组大鼠血清中心肌酶(AST、LDH、CK-MB)和炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6)的表达水平显著上调(均P0.001),ECH-L组和ECH-H组大鼠血清中心肌酶和炎症因子的表达水平下调(均P0.05);与sham组比较,MI组大鼠心肌组织中p-JAK1、p-STAT3蛋白表达上调(均P0.001),ECH-L组和ECH-H组大鼠心肌组织中p-JAK1、p-STAT3蛋白表达较MI组下调(P0.05,P0.01)。结论松果菊苷通过调控JAK1/STAT3信号通路减少大鼠心肌组织梗死区炎性细胞浸润、梗死面积,减轻炎症反应,改善免疫功能紊乱、心肌受损情况,从而维护心功能正常。     

睾酮对心肌梗塞大鼠非梗塞区心肌线粒体膜脂流动性的影响

为探讨睾酮(T)对心脏调控作用的机理,本文观察了肌注T对心肌梗塞大鼠非梗塞区心肌线粒体膜脂流动性(FMML)的影响实验方法实验选用健康成年SD大鼠,随机分为正常对照组(NC)、心肌梗塞组(MI)、睾酮处理的MI组(MIT),各组按术后观察时间再分为1、3、9天三个不同观察时点组。结扎左冠状动脉主干以复制心肌梗塞模型,并于术前1小时及术后2、4、6、8日分别肌     

同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞移植上调急性心肌梗死大鼠Cx43的表达

目的研究同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)移植心肌梗死(MI)大鼠后缝隙连接蛋白43(Cx43)在不同时期的动态变化。方法建立大鼠MI模型。将同种异体MSCs用5-氮胞苷诱导成心肌样细胞并行荧光标记,经二次开胸注射入MI大鼠梗死区和梗死边缘区。各亚组分别于移植后4、8和12周在荧光显微镜下跟踪MSCs移植情况。同时用免疫组化分析Cx43表达与缝隙连接(GJ)分布。结果MSCs体外诱导可分化为自发搏动的心肌样细胞,表达心肌特异性肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)和形成肌丝结构。MSCs移植后可长期存活并在4、8和12周,并有效上调缺血区Cx43的表达,改善GJ分布紊乱状态。在梗死区Cx43无特殊改变。结论MSCs具有分化为心肌样细胞的可塑性,移植后上调MI后缺血区Cx43表达,改善GJ分布紊乱。     

lncRNA-TUG1通过影响eNOS和BDNF介导小鼠心肌梗死后心功能损伤

目的：探讨长链非编码RNA-牛磺酸上调基因1(long non-coding RNA-taurine up-regulated gene 1,lncRNA-TUG1)通过影响内皮型一氧化氮合酶(endothelial nitric oxide synthase, eNOS)和脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF)在小鼠心肌梗死(myocardial infarction, MI)后心肌损伤中的作用。方法：将40只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为假手术组、MI组、空载体组及lncRNA-TUG1沉默组(构建lncRNA-TUG1沉默腺病毒并感染小鼠心肌，1周后通过冠状动脉左前降支结扎法构建MI模型)。模型构建1周后使用小动物超声仪测定小鼠心功能变化，检测结束后进行眼眶取血并收集心脏组织。RT-qPCR检测心脏梗死区lncRNA-TUG1的表达；ELISA测定心脏损伤标志物水平；TTC染色比较梗死心肌面积差异；Western blot检测梗死区心肌组织eNOS和BDNF的变化；Western blot、ELISA和RT-qPCR检测炎...     

急性脑梗死大脑皮、髓静脉的磁敏感加权成像解剖研究

目的　利用磁敏感加权成像(susceptibility weighted imaging, SWI)技术分析脑梗死患者大脑皮、髓质静脉的不对称征与脑梗死严重度和梗死灶解剖学特征的相关性，为临床急性脑梗死诊断、治疗提供影像参考。 方法　选取38例超急性期、62例急性期脑梗死患者，采用磁共振扫描，比较静脉不对称组与对称组的脑梗死严重度差异以及梗死灶解剖学特征差异。 结果 对于超急性期，静脉不对称组与对称组NIHSS评分分别为8（4~8.8）、5.5（3~8），两组评分无显著性差异（P=0.058）。对于急性期，静脉不对称组与对称组NIHSS评分分别为5（2~7）、1.5（1~2），两组评分有显著性差异（P=0.043）。大脑前循环和后循环动脉梗塞静脉不对称出现率分别为48(82.8%)、 12(28.6%)，两者有显著性差异（P<0.001）。 结论 急性期脑梗死的静脉不对称征可反映卒中更高的严重度，而超急性期则不然。大脑前循环梗塞更趋向于形成静脉不对称征。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

Modes of Inheritance of Errors of Refraction

Eighteen families in which both parents had refractions within the range of +4·0 D to −4·0 D and axial lengths seen in emmetropia (22·3-26·0 mm) showed coefficients of correlation of the order 0·5 indicative of polygenic inheritance. Such coefficients were seen for axial length (0·407) and for the cornea (0·487), but not for the lens (which is known to be yoked to the axial length). No such coefficients were seen in 19 families in which one of the parents had axial length outside the emmetropic range (nine families with long axes and 10 with short axes).

The pattern of polygenic inheritance for emmetropia (completely correlated optical components) and errors of refraction up to 4·0 D (inadequately correlated components: correlation ametropia) follows that seen in stature and other measurable characters. In contrast the high refractive errors with their abnormal axial lengths (component ametropia) are—like the extremes in stature—pathological anomalies with monofactorial inheritance.

     

Aspects of the problem of direct introduction of Standards of International Organizations

Editorial note. This article is published as part of a discussion. Particular issues of the article are disputable. First of all, this concerns the so-called “folder” method of introduction of international standards for medical devices to domestic medical practice (i.e., by direct translation of the standards and their publication as standardizing documents). Nevertheless, at least one of the problems, the problem of coordination between domestic state standards for medical devices and international recommendations of ISO and IEC, is undoubtedly of topical importance. Advancement of new health service legislation which is to be approved by law-makers will definitely introduce corrections into the present situation. The Editorial Board of Meditsinskaya Tekhnika believes this article will lessen these problems and to be welcomed by readers.