术前血清C反应蛋白水平与胸腰骶椎结核术后未愈的关系

目的探讨术前血清C反应蛋白(CRP)水平与胸腰骶椎结核术后未愈的关系。方法回顾性分析2007年1月—2015年12月行一期病灶清除、椎间植骨融合内固定术治疗的123例胸腰骶椎结核患者的临床资料。根据术前CRP中位数(17.7 mg/L)将患者分为CRP20 mg/L组(A组,n=57)和CRP≤20 mg/L组(B组,n=66),比较2组在年龄、性别、病程、术前合并症、术前抗结核治疗时间、术前白蛋白、病变部位、病变范围、手术入路等一般临床特征上的均衡性。观察术后1年随访期内结核病灶未愈情况,采用Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel(CMH)检验控制混杂因素并分析2组间未愈率的差异。结果 2组间性别、术前白蛋白存在不均衡,而年龄、病程、术前合并症、术前抗结核治疗时间、病变部位、病变范围、手术入路等特征差异无统计学意义。共12例(9.8%)患者术后未愈,A组和B组的未愈率分别为15.8%(9/57)和4.5%(3/66)。控制性别和术前白蛋白的影响后,得到A组未愈率高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论较高的术前CRP水平可能增加胸腰骶椎结核术后未愈风险,应重视手术时机选择,并在术前有效控制结核炎症。     

直肠癌术后严重并发症的危险因素分析

目的探究直肠癌保肛术后30d严重并发症的危险因素。方法回顾性分析中山大学附属第六医院2010年1月至2014年10月间接受直肠癌保肛手术的956例病人的临床病理及并发症资料,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归模型分析直肠癌保肛手术术后30d内严重并发症(Clavien-Dindo分级≥Ⅲ级)的危险因素。结果 956例病人中严重并发症发生率为6.3%(60/956)。按Clavien-Dindo并发症分级:Ⅲa级36例,Ⅲb级12例,Ⅳa级5例,Ⅳb级5例,Ⅴ级2例。单因素Logistic回归分析显示,术前合并症(OR=1.781、95%CI为1.04~3.048、P=0.035),术前白蛋白(OR=6.979、95%CI为3.057~15.930、P0.001),术中估计出血量(OR=2.386、95%CI为1.375~4.138、P=0.002),术中输血(OR=2.698、95%CI为1.088~6.695、P=0.032)与直肠癌术后严重并发症的发生有关。Logistic多因素回归分析显示,术前存在合并症(OR=2.051、95%CI为1.160~3.627、P=0.014),术前白蛋白(≤35g/L)(OR=4.652、95%CI为1.776~12.182、P=0.002),术中估计出血量(150ml)(OR=2.131、95%CI为1.190~3.816、P=0.011)是直肠癌术后严重并发症发生的独立危险因素。结论术前存在合并症、低白蛋白血症及术中出血量大是直肠癌术后30d内发生严重并发症的危险因素。     

老年食管癌患者术后严重并发症的危险因素分析

目的 总结老年食管癌患者术后发生严重并发症的危险因素及防治策略.方法 回顾性分析363例老年食管癌手术患者,并对术后发生严重并发症可能的危险因素进行单因素分析及多因素非条件Logistic回归分析.结果 Logistic回归分析显示术前长期重度吸烟史、术前有两种及以上的合并症和手术持续时间为老年食管癌患者术后严重并发症的主要危险因素.结论 对于高龄食管癌患者应做好充分的术前准备、及早戒烟、控制术前合并症和手术时间.     

肝门部胆管癌术后严重并发症的回顾性分析

目的:探讨影响肝门部胆管癌术后严重并发症发生的危险因素。方法:对经外科手术切除治疗的74例肝门部胆管癌病例资料进行回顾性分析,采用Logistic回归分析法分析可能影响肝门部胆管癌术后严重并发症发生的危险因素,选择性别、年龄、术前合并症、肿瘤分型、术前黄疸程度、术前白蛋白水平、术前肝功能分级、手术方式等8个指标作为危险因素分别进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:术后出现严重并发症23例(31.1%);单因素分析显示,年龄、肿瘤分型、术前肝功能分级和手术方式与术后出现严重并发症相关联;多因素分析显示,年龄、术前肝功能分级和手术方式对术后出现严重并发症有影响,且均为正相关。结论:年龄、术前肝功能和手术方式是肝门部胆管癌术后严重并发症发生的危险因素。     

胸腰椎结核术后早期并发症的危险因素分析

目的分析胸腰椎结核术后早期并发症的相关危险因素,以优化脊柱结核的治疗方案。方法收集自2002-12—2012-12在昆明医科大学第一附属医院诊治的脊柱结核患者资料。分析性别、年龄、病程、营养状况、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、结核抗体(TBAB)、结核菌素试验(PPD)、药物治疗方式、术前药物治疗时间、病变节段、神经功能JOA评分、脓肿形成、手术入路并进行赋值,进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果本组101例术后获得随访24~108个月,平均36.5个月。10例(9.9%)术后出现早期并发症。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,营养状况、术前药物治疗时间、神经功能JOA评分是胸腰椎结核术后早期并发症发生的危险因素。且SGA5%组、术前药物治疗时间4周、神经功能JOA评分0~24分组术后早期并发症发生率更高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论术前进行≥4周的规范化抗结核药物治疗是预防胸腰椎结核术后早期并发症的重要环节。对于合并中、重度营养不良或神经损伤的患者,应在药物治疗的同时进行营养支持并选择适当的时机手术以获得满意疗效。     

胸腔镜部分肺切除术后肺部并发症的危险因素

目的探讨胸腔镜部分肺切除术后肺部并发症(PPCs)的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2018年1—12月首次行胸腔镜解剖性部分肺切除手术患者896例,年龄18～79岁,ASAⅠ—Ⅲ级,术前所有患者肺功能正常。收集患者性别、年龄、BMI、合并症、术中出入量及PPCs等围术期资料。采用单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析法筛选胸腔镜部分肺切除PPCs的危险因素。结果有220例(24.6%)患者发生PPCs(并发症组),其中最常见的肺炎有135例(15.1%)。单因素分析显示,并发症组患者术前白蛋白35 g/L、右肺手术、多肺叶肺段手术的比例明显高于无并发症组(P0.05),单肺通气时间明显长于无并发症组(P0.05),液体入量明显少于无并发症组(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,单肺通气时间2 h(OR=1.605,95%CI 1.113～2.314,P=0.011)、白蛋白35 g/L(OR=1.806,95%CI 1.094～2.981,P=0.021)、右肺手术(OR=1.443,95%CI 1.043～1.998,P=0.027)、多肺叶肺段手术(OR=1.998,95%CI 1.348～2.932,P=0.001)是胸腔镜部分肺切除PPCs的独立危险因素。结论单肺通气时间延长(2 h)、低白蛋白血症(白蛋白35 g/L)、右肺手术及接受多肺叶肺段手术可作为胸腔镜部分肺切除PPCs的独立危险因素。     

嗜铬细胞瘤患者术后急性肾功能损伤的危险因素分析

目的探究嗜铬细胞瘤患者术后急性肾功能损伤(AKI)的独立危险因素。方法收集2005年1月至2017年10月行嗜铬细胞瘤手术患者的人口学信息、术前症状、合并症、实验室检查、肿瘤的位置和直径、手术时间、血管活性药物的使用情况、出入量、血流动力学指标等。采用Logistic回归模型分析嗜铬细胞瘤患者术后AKI的独立危险因素。结果共纳入308例患者,其中42例(13.6%)患者术后出现AKI。在单因素Logistic回归分析中,男性、糖尿病史、术前白蛋白40 g/L、术前肌酐95μmol/L、肿瘤直径10 cm、手术时间120 min、术中使用血管收缩药、术中人工胶体液输注≥2 000 ml、输注异体血、出血量≥1 000 ml和SBP70%基础值累计时间10 min与嗜铬细胞瘤患者术后AKI相关;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,男性、白蛋白40 g/L、术中出血量≥1 000 ml和SBP70%基础值累计时间10 min是嗜铬细胞瘤术后AKI的独立危险因素。结论男性、白蛋白40 g/L、术中出血量≥1 000 ml和SBP70%基础值累计时间10 min是嗜铬细胞瘤患者术后AKI的独立危险因素。     

电视辅助胸腔镜手术后肺部并发症的相关因素分析

目的分析电视辅助胸腔镜手术(VATS)术后并发症的相关影响因素。方法回顾性分析VATS患者329例,围术期相关因素包括:年龄、性别、BMI、术前合并疾病、术前肺功能及心彩超检查,单肺通气时间及麻醉时间、术中失血量及补液量、手术侧及手术切除范围,术后ICU入住时间、引流管留置时间等,并进行逻辑回归分析。结果 329例患者术后肺部并发症为72例(21.88%),主要为术后肺渗出增加25例(7.6%)、肺炎23例(6.99%)和肺不张20例(6.08%)。多因素逻辑回归分析表明术前白蛋白水平、麻醉时间、ICU入住时间是VATS术后肺并发症的独立危险因素。结论术前白蛋白水平、麻醉时间、ICU入住时间是VATS术后肺并发症的独立危险因素。提高术前白蛋白浓度,缩短麻醉时间和ICU入住时间能降低VATS术后肺并发症发生率。     

腹腔镜辅助D_2根治术治疗进展期胃癌术后并发症危险因素的Logistic分析

目的:分析腹腔镜辅助D2根治术治疗进展期胃癌术后并发症发生的危险因素。方法:收集2011年2月—2013年2月以腹腔镜辅助D2根治术治疗的进展期胃癌患者90例,通过Logistic回归模型分析术后发生并发症的相关危险因素。结果:90例患者均顺利完成手术,共发生Ⅱ级及其以上系统并发症21例次(23.3%),发生Ⅱ级及其以上局部并发症14例次(15.6%),Logistic分析发现,系统并发症的发生与年龄及伴随疾病的数量有关,局部并发症的发生与年龄、重建方式及是否行术前新辅助化疗有关。结论:腹腔镜辅助D2根治术是治疗进展期胃癌的手段之一,但应注意控制年龄、伴随疾病、重建方式、术前新辅助化疗等并发症危险因素,以保障手术安全及术后恢复。     

腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术后并发症的Clavien-Dindo分级及影响因素分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术后并发症的Clavien-Dindo分级情况及影响因素。方法 2014年1月～2019年6月间行腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术病人478例,根据Clavien-Dindo分级系统分析术后并发症的发生情况,采用Logistic回归分析术后并发症发生的影响因素。结果 478例病人出现术后并发症84例(17.6%),并发症Clavien-Dindo分级Ⅰ级6例,Ⅱ级59例,Ⅲa级11例,Ⅲb级4例,Ⅳa级3例,Ⅴ级1例。Logistic单因素分析结果显示,病人年龄、体质指数(BMI)、术前合并症、手术时间、术中出血量、肿瘤直径、围手术期输血与术后并发症发生有关(P<0.05)。多因素分析表明,年龄≥65岁(OR=2.251,P=0.002)、BMI≥28 kg/m²(OR=2.970,P=0.019)、手术时间>180分钟(OR=1.771,P=0.035)、术中出血量≥200 ml(OR=1.825,P=0.045)和围手术期输血(OR=1.990,P=0.045)是腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术后并发症发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。...     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Immunomodulation in Transplantation with Photopheresis

Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.