PEG-PCL 纳米胶束用于肿瘤诊断治疗的靶向成像和药物输送(英文)

纳米胶束, 是由疏水性内核及亲水性外壳自组装形成的纳米粒子, 利用其在肿瘤部位增强的渗透和滞留效应(EPR效应), 已成功用作靶向药物输送载体。本研究将近红外荧光染料Cy7-NHS与NH2-PEG-b-PCL连接合成了Cy7-PEG-PCL,并将其组装修饰在胶束结构中, 作为紫杉醇药物的递送载体。研究结果显示, 当药物/载体比例确定为1/4, 由聚乙二醇-聚己内酯共聚物自组装形成的胶束粒径为30 nm左右, zeta电位为 -3 mV, 包封率可达95%以上。体外细胞毒实验表明,载紫杉醇胶束对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞增殖的抑制能力与Taxol 制剂相似。活体成像实验结果显示Cy7标记的聚合物胶束在静脉注射后可以有效地被动靶向到肿瘤部位。另外, 以异位接种MCF-7细胞荷瘤裸鼠为模型的体内药效学实验中,载紫杉醇聚合物胶束显示出与Taxol 制剂相似的抗肿瘤活性。综上所述, 在肿瘤靶向成像和治疗方面, 本研究所构建的胶束载药系统显示出良好的潜力。     

含原酸酯基团的pH敏感纳米载体在抗肿瘤药物递送中的应用进展

pH敏感型纳米药物载体在癌症治疗方面的研究正受到越来越多的关注,显示出诸多优势和良好的应用前景。已报道的pH敏感型纳米药物载体包括多种类型。本文针对含原酸酯基团的pH敏感纳米药物载体,综述了其近年来的研究进展,并介绍了该类药物载体在抗肿瘤药物递送中的应用。     

Fe基金属-有机框架在抗肿瘤药物递送方面的研究进展

Fe基金属-有机框架(metal-organic frameworks, MOFs)是一类由Fe离子或Fe团簇,通过配位键与有机配体结合而成的聚合物晶体,主要可通过溶剂热合成法、超声合成法、微波合成法、干凝胶转化法等进行制备,兼具无机纳米载体载药能力强和有机纳米载体安全性高的特点,并具有良好的肿瘤靶向性和辅助诱导肿瘤铁死亡的能力,在抗肿瘤药物递送方面拥有极高的潜力。近年来, Fe基MOFs还被研发出成像、磁热、光热、光动及药物响应释放等多种功能,可在递送抗肿瘤药物的同时辅助疾病诊断和监控药物分布,联合热疗、光疗等产生协同抗肿瘤效果,并控制药物的精准释放。本文对Fe基MOFs的合成方法、特点以及功能和类型等方面的研究进展进行了综述,为Fe基MOFs在抗肿瘤药物递送方面进一步应用提供依据。     

非甾体抗炎药物纳米递送系统研究进展

非甾体抗炎药是使用最广泛的处方药之一,但长期使用会引起许多不良反应.与传统制剂相比,非甾体抗炎药纳米制剂能够改善药物溶解度,降低毒性,提高生物利用度.此外,纳米递送系统能够控制负载的非甾体抗炎药的释放,并在疾病模型中增强药物的治疗效果.综述脂质-囊泡纳米载体、聚合物纳米载体以及无机纳米载体在非甾体抗炎药物递送中的研究进...     

聚合物治疗体系的设计和应用

由于兼具大分子前体药物和新化学实体的优点,聚合物治疗体系受到了诸多的关注。就某种程度上来说,聚合物治疗体系是研究发展较为成功的纳米药物治疗体系之一。为更好地研究该治疗体系,本文在研究发展、性质特点及研究前景等方面对聚合物治疗体系进行了介绍,重点阐述该体系在药物递送尤其是抗肿瘤药物递送方面的设计理念和应用前景,旨在为聚合物治疗体系研究提供参考,以促进其进一步发展。     

聚合物-脂质纳米粒用于增强酪氨酸血症I型治疗性碱基编辑器质粒的肝靶向递送研究（英文）

酪氨酸血症I型是一种罕见的常染色体隐性遗传病,目前尚无有效的治疗方法。近年来,以碱基编辑器为代表的基因编辑技术已被报道用于酪氨酸血症I型的治疗。然而,由于生理屏障的存在,碱基编辑器递送困难。在本研究中,我们构建了一种靶向去唾液酸糖蛋白受体的聚合物-脂质纳米递送系统,用于改善酪氨酸血症I型治疗性核酸药物的递送效率。我们首先合成了一种生物可降解性丙烯酸酯-氨基醇共聚物用于递送碱基编辑器质粒,其转染效率显著优于市售转染试剂Hieff Trans^TM。随后,共聚物纳米粒与DOPE-PEG-Gal NAc自组装形成聚合物-脂质纳米粒,用于增强纳米粒的肝脏递送效率。在体外转染实验中,包载Fah-p CMV-ABE6.3-EGFP碱基编辑器质粒的聚合物-脂质纳米粒表现出了良好的肝细胞选择性,其转染效率是游离质粒的70倍以上。研究表明,携带肝靶向配体的聚合物-脂质纳米递送系统能够有效增强治疗性碱基编辑器质粒的肝靶向递送效率并为酪氨酸血症I型的基因治疗提供了一种潜在的递送载体。     

壳聚糖基小分子抗肿瘤药物纳米载体的制备研究进展

阐述近年来壳聚糖基小分子抗肿瘤药物纳米载体的制备研究进展.从小分子抗肿瘤药物作用特点和剂型设计的目的 和手段出发,探讨了近年来国内制备壳聚糖基小分子抗肿瘤药物纳米载体的主要手段,即离子交联法和纳米胶束法.其中离子交联法以操作简便,条件温和而备受关注,纳米胶束法因载体溶解性能差异制备时又有透析法、自组装法和乳化-挥发法等之分.在此基础上,作者对该类载体提出了几点建议并展望.     

双级靶向纳米载体在脑肿瘤诊断和治疗方面的应用

血脑屏障的存在严重阻碍了脑肿瘤化疗药物向脑内递送。纳米粒、脂质体、胶束等纳米载体可显著增加药物的穿过血脑屏障转运的能力,采用单一或双功能基制备的双级靶向纳米载体还可进一步增加药物的脑内递送及在脑肿瘤病变部位的浓集,从而显著提高脑肿瘤的诊断和治疗效果。笔者主要介绍双级靶向纳米载体的设计思路、靶向功能基的最新研究进展,为相关研究提供参考。     

酸敏感响应型纳米药物递送系统在肿瘤治疗中应用的研究进展

癌症是危害人类生命健康的一类重大疾病。肿瘤组织与正常组织相比具有特殊的酸性微环境,利用此特殊性质,研究者设计了一系列具有酸敏感响应性的药物递送载体,用以增强抗肿瘤药物在肿瘤部位的富集、肿瘤组织的渗透和肿瘤细胞的摄取,同时加速药物在靶部位的释放,从而提高肿瘤治疗的效果。本文综述了响应于肿瘤微酸环境的纳米药物递送系统的设计及其在抗肿瘤治疗中的应用。     

壳聚糖-磷脂自组装纳米粒载药系统的研究进展

本文综述了壳聚糖-磷脂自组装纳米粒作为新型药物递送系统的研究进展,阐述其自组装过程的关键机制,揭示了所得纳米粒独特的核-壳结构及该结构与包载药物之间的相互作用关系;总结了相关制备方法,并对经典的溶剂滴入法进行了详细说明.在此基础上,全面归纳了壳聚糖-磷脂自组装纳米粒在递送抗肿瘤药、抗炎药、多肽类药物、降脂药、抗菌药及基...     

聚乙二醇单甲醚接枝壳聚糖自组装纳米球的制备*

目的:合成聚乙二醇单甲醚接枝壳聚糖(monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted-chitosan,mPEG-g- CS),并制备自组装纳米球。方法:利用甲醛连接法将聚乙二醇单甲醚(monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol),mPEG)接枝干壳聚糖(ehitosan,CS)分子,得到聚乙二醇(poly(ethylene glycol),PEG)改性的壳聚糖衍生物,并通过傅立叶红外光谱仪(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FT-IR),核磁共振仪(proton nuclear magnetic resonance,~1H-NMR)对产物进行结构表征;采用超声透析法制备自组装纳米球,并通过透射电镜(transmission electron microscopy,TEM),动态激光粒度分析仪(dynamic laser light scattering,DLLS)表征了纳米球的形态和粒径;以芘为荧光探针,通过荧光检测分析测定了mPEG-g-CS的临界胶束浓度(critical micellar concentration,CMC)。结果:通过FT-IR,~1H- NMR确证了接枝产物的存在;mPEG-g-CS在水溶液中能够自组装形成球状纳米胶束,平均粒径为250 nm。结论:通过甲醛连接法制备mPEG-g-CS,具有制备方法简捷、反应周期短、易操作的优点。利用该产物制备的纳米球有望成为长循环纳米药物载体。     

Orally administered intelligent self-ablating nanoparticles: a new approach to improve drug cellular uptake and intestinal absorption

Oral drug delivery to treat diabetes is being increasingly researched. The mucus and the epithelial cell layers hinder drug delivery. We designed a self-ablating nanoparticle to achieve smart oral delivery to overcome the gastrointestinal barrier. We used the zwitterionic dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine, which exhibits a high affinity toward Oligopeptide transporter 1, to modify poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles and load hemagglutinin-2 peptide to facilitate its escape from lysosomes. Nanoparticles exhibit a core–shell structure, the lipid layer is degraded by the lysosomes when the nanoparticles are captured by lysosomes, then the inner core of the nanoparticles gets exposed. The results revealed that the self-ablating nanoparticles exhibited higher encapsulation ability than the self-assembled nanoparticles (77% vs 64%) and with better stability. Quantitative cellular uptake, cellular uptake mechanisms, and trans-monolayer cellular were studied, and the results revealed that the cellular uptake achieved using the self-ablating nanoparticles was higher than self-assembling nanoparticles, and the number of uptake pathways via which the self-ablating nanoparticles functioned were higher than the self-assembling nanoparticles. Intestinal mucus permeation, in vivo intestinal circulation, was studied, and the results revealed that the small self-assembling nanoparticles exhibit a good extent of intestinal uptake in the presence of mucus. In vitro flip-flop, intestinal circulation revealed that the uptake of the self-ablating nanoparticles was 1.20 times higher than the self-assembled nanoparticles. Pharmacokinetic study and the pharmacodynamic study showed that the bioavailability and hypoglycemic effect of self-ablating nanoparticles were better than self-assembled nanoparticles.     

Histidylated cationic polyorganophosphazene/DNA self-assembled nanoparticles for gene delivery

Cationic polyorganophosphazene has shown the ability to deliver gene. To obtain more efficient transfection, His(Boc)-OMe bearing histidine moiety was introduced to synthesize a new derivative of cationic polyphosphazenes with another side group of 2-dimethylaminoethylamine (DMAEA). The poly(DMAEA/His(Boc)-OMe)phosphazene (PDHP) and DNA could self-assemble into nanoparticles with a size around 110 nm and zeta potential of +15 mV at the PDHP/DNA ratio of 10:1 (w/w). The maximum transfection efficiency of PDHP/DNA self-assembled nanoparticles (PHSNs) against 293 T cells was much higher than that of poly(di-2-dimethylaminoethylamine) phosphazenes (PDAP)/DNA self-assembled nanoparticles (PASNs) and PEI 25/DNA self-assembled nanoparticles (PESNs) at the polymer/DNA ratio of 10:1, but the cytotoxicity of PDHP assayed by MTT was much lower than that of PDAP and PEI 25. These results suggested that PDHP could be a good candidate with high transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity for gene delivery.     

肿瘤氧化还原微环境响应型小分子前药纳米粒的代谢与药效研究进展

与正常组织、细胞的微环境相比,肿瘤微环境具有显著差异,如谷胱甘肽相关代谢酶和活性氧在不同亚细胞结构中高表达,造成氧化还原状态失衡.根据这种特异性的氧化还原状态,可以设计一系列通过氧化还原响应型连接臂相连的小分子前药纳米粒.常见的连接臂有二硫键、硫醚键、硒键和硫缩酮键等.不同连接臂的小分子前药纳米粒具有不同的代谢方式和体...     

Intravenous delivery of hydrophobin-functionalized porous silicon nanoparticles: stability, plasma protein adsorption and biodistribution

Rapid immune recognition and subsequent elimination from the circulation hampers the use of many nanomaterials as carriers to targeted drug delivery and controlled release in the intravenous route. Here, we report the effect of a functional self-assembled protein coating on the intravenous biodistribution of (18)F-labeled thermally hydrocarbonized porous silicon (THCPSi) nanoparticles in rats. (18)F-Radiolabeling enables the sensitive and easy quantification of nanoparticles in tissues using radiometric methods and allows imaging of the nanoparticle biodistribution with positron emission tomography. Coating with Trichoderma reesei HFBII altered the hydrophobicity of (18)F-THCPSi nanoparticles and resulted in a pronounced change in the degree of plasma protein adsorption to the nanoparticle surface in vitro. The HFBII-THCPSi nanoparticles were biocompatible in RAW 264.7 macrophages and HepG2 liver cells making their intravenous administration feasible. In vivo, the distribution of the nanoparticles between the liver and spleen, the major mononuclear phagocyte system organs in the body, was altered compared to that of uncoated (18)F-THCPSi. Identification of the adsorbed proteins revealed that certain opsonins and apolipoproteins are enriched in HFBII-functionalized nanoparticles, whereas the adsorption of abundant plasma components such as serum albumin and fibrinogen is decreased.     

TAT-modified self-assembled cationic peptide nanoparticles as an efficient antibacterial agent

The increasing emergence of drug resistant pathogenic bacteria poses a great challenge to clinical therapy and a threat to public health. Cationic peptides have received great attention for their unique antibacterial mechanism and ability to combat drug-resistant bacteria. In this study, we designed a TAT-modified cationic peptide PA-28 which self-assembled into nanoparticles of about 150 nm. These nanoparticles showed strong antimicrobial activities against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including drug-resistant bacteria. They were more potent than the unassembled counterpart peptide nonalysine (K₉). Their antibacterial mechanism of directly destructing bacterial wall/membrane reduces the possibility of developing bacterial resistance. In vivo anti-infective experiments showed that these nanoparticles were able to penetrate the blood–brain barrier to inhibit bacterial growth in infected brains of rats. In addition, these nanoparticles induced low hemolysis below the minimum inhibitory concentration. Therefore, the peptide designed in this study is a promising and efficient antibacterial agent against bacterial infections.     

Nanoparticles as delivery carriers for anticancer prodrugs

INTRODUCTION: Prodrugs are inactive compounds which are metabolized in the body to produce parent active agents. It has been shown that prodrugs hold some advantages over conventional drugs, such as increased solubility, improved permeability and bioavailability, reduced adverse effects and prolonged half-lives. Optimization of the vehicles used is very important in order to employ the advantages of prodrugs. Nanocarriers are currently being widely used as prodrug vehicles because of their ability to enhance storage stability, modulate prodrug release and tumor-targeted delivery and protect against enzymatic attack. This combined approach of prodrugs and nanoparticles has a particular attraction for developing anticancer therapies. AREAS COVERED: This paper discusses liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles and lipid nanoparticles, which are all carriers commonly used for prodrug encapsulation. Macromolecular prodrugs can spontaneously form self-assembled nanoparticles with no intervention of other additives. This review also describes recent developments in prodrug delivery using nanoparticulate strategies. Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and cytotoxicity evaluations of anticancer prodrugs are systematically elucidated in this review. EXPERT OPINION: More profiles involved in animal and clinical studies will encourage the future applicability of prodrug nanocarrier therapy. The possible toxicity associated with nanoparticles is a concern for development of prodrug delivery.     

Chondroitin sulfate-mediated albumin corona nanoparticles for the treatment of breast cancer

Chondroitin sulfate-mediated albumin corona nanoparticles were readily prepared without any chemical reaction, and their active tumor targeting and therapeutic effects were examined. Negatively charged chondroitin sulfate (CS) and positively charged doxorubicin (DOX) self-assembled into nanoparticles (CS-DOX-NPs) via electrostatic interactions. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was then adsorbed on the surface of CS-DOX-NPs to form albumin corona nanoparticles (BC-DOX-NPs) protected from endogenous proteins. Due to the dual effect of BSA and CS, BC-DOX-NPs interacted with the gp60, SPARC and CD44 receptors on tumor cells, facilitating their rapid and efficient transcytosis and improving their accumulation and uptake within tumor tissues. The simultaneous presence of BSA and CS also allowed BC-DOX-NPs to target CD44 efficiently, leading to greater cellular uptake and cytotoxicity against 4T1 cells than CS-DOX-NPs or free DOX. Intravenous injection of BC-DOX-NPs into orthotopic 4T1 tumor-bearing mice led to greater drug accumulation at the tumor site than with CS-DOX-NPs or free DOX, resulting in significant inhibition of tumor growth and lower exposure of major organs to the drug.     

Self-assembled nanoparticles based on hydrophobically modified chitosan as carriers for doxorubicin

In this study self-assembled nanoparticles based on oleoyl-chitosan (OCH) were prepared with a mean diameter of 255.3 nm and an almost spherical shape. The toxicity profile of OCH nanoparticles was evaluated in vitro via hemolysis test and MTT assay. The hemolysis rates of OCH nanoparticles tested in different conditions came well within permissible limits (5%). The OCH nanoparticles showed no cytotoxicity to mouse embryo fibroblasts. Doxorubicin (DOX) was efficiently loaded into OCH nanoparticles with an encapsulation efficiency of 52.6%. The drug was rapidly and completely released from the nanoparticles (DOX-OCH nanoparticles) at pH 3.8, whereas at pH 7.4 there was a sustained release after a burst release. The inhibitory rates of DOX-OCH nanoparticle suspension to different human cancer cells (A549, Bel-7402, HeLa, and SGC-7901) significantly outperformed that of DOX solution. These results revealed the potential of OCH nanoparticles as carriers for hydrophobic antitumor agents.     

Uptake of oleoyl-chitosan nanoparticles by A549 cells

The aim of the present study was to evaluate cellular uptake of oleoyl-chitosan (OCH) nanoparticles by using A549 cells, a human lung carcinoma cell line, for drug and gene delivery applications. In this study, self-assembled OCH nanoparticles encapsulating a fluorescent marker molecule, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), were prepared and characterized. The effects of particle size, concentration, and incubation time on the cellular uptake of the nanoparticles (FITC-OCH nanoparticles) were quantified by spectrofluorometric measurement and confirmed using fluorescence microscopy studies. The nanoparticles were taken up by the cells, and levels of binding and uptake increased with the decrease of particle size and the increase of particle concentration and incubation time. These results implied that the OCH nanoparticles have great potential to be applied as a drug carrier system to deliver drugs into the cells.