人参皂苷Rg1对H2O2诱导的HT22细胞凋亡及胞内Ca2+变化的影响

目的 研究人参皂苷Rg1对H2O2诱导的HT22细胞凋亡及胞内Ca2+浓度变化的影响.方法 以0、6.25、12.5、25、50、100μg/L人参皂苷Rg1预处理细胞24 h,采用Ca2+荧光染料探针Fluo-3/AM负载细胞1 h后,50 mmol/L H2O2刺激细胞,多功能酶标仪测定荧光强度,激光共聚焦显微镜实时监测[Ca2+]i变化,Hoechst 33258染色检测细胞凋亡.结果 H2O2可诱导细胞内Ca2+浓度增加(P<0.01),并增加细胞凋亡率(P<0.01).不同浓度人参皂苷Rg1可呈剂量依赖性的抑制H2O2诱导的HT22[Ca2+]i增加(P<0.01),抑制细胞凋亡(P<0.01),以50μg/L的作用为最强(P<0.01).结论 人参皂苷Rg1可通过降低H2O2诱导的HT22细胞内Ca2+水平的升高,抑制氧化应激引起的细胞凋亡.     

人参皂苷Rg1对阿霉素诱导系膜细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨人参皂苷Rg1对阿霉素毒性诱导的人肾小球系膜细胞(HRMC)凋亡的影响及其可能的调控机制。方法:实验分为5组:正常对照组、模型组及低、中、高剂量人参皂苷Rg1与阿霉素共孵育干预组。HRMC培养24 h后采用CCK-8法检测细胞的存活率,流式细胞术Annexin V/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡率,Real-Time PCR检测HRMC细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、caspase-3相对表达水平。结果:阿霉素可显著诱导HRMC凋亡;中、低剂量的人参皂苷Rg1可减少HRMC的凋亡率,并可上调Bcl-2基因水平下调caspase-3水平;高剂量的人参皂苷Rg1促进HRMC的凋亡,在降低Bcl-2表达的同时caspase-3呈高表达。结论:阿霉素具有直接的肾毒性作用。通过增加Bcl-2和抑制caspase-3的表达,低、中剂量的人参皂苷Rg1可有效抑制阿霉素诱导的系膜细胞凋亡,且中剂量效果显著。     

人参皂苷Rg1对1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶离子诱导的PC12细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的探讨人参皂苷Rg1对1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶离子(1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinum,MPP+)诱导的PC12细胞凋亡是否具有保护作用。方法采用MPP+诱导的具有多巴胺能神经元特性的PC12细胞凋亡作为帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)的体外模型。实验分正常对照组、MPP+损伤组、人参皂苷Rg1(10、20、50μmol/L)3个浓度预处理组。用MTT法测定细胞活性,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡断裂的DNA片段,蛋白质印迹法分析细胞色素C(cytochrome C,Cyt C)蛋白含量。结果 10、20、50μmol/L人参皂苷Rg1对MPP+诱导的PC12细胞具有一定的保护作用。与MPP+损伤组[(52±4.7)%]相比,10、20、50μmol/L人参皂苷Rg1预处理细胞活力分别上升为(64±3.4)%、(72±5.2)%、(83±6.2)%(P<0.05或P<0.01)。经流式细胞术检测,正常组、MPP+损伤组、人参皂苷Rg1预处理组(10、20、50μmol/L)细胞凋亡率分别为1.8%、44.5%、32.9%、21.1%和14.2%。人参皂苷Rg1预处理后,细胞断裂的DNA片段明显减少。另外,蛋白质印迹分析也显示人参皂苷Rg1可抑制MPP+诱导的Cyt C的过表达。结论人参皂苷Rg1对MPP+诱导的细胞凋亡具有浓度依赖性的保护作用,其保护机制可能与下调线粒体内Cyt C的过表达有关。     

20（R）-人参皂苷Rg 3对人乳腺癌细胞自噬作用的影响

目的：观察20(R)-人参皂苷Rg3对人乳腺癌细胞（MCF-7）自噬作用的影响,并探讨20(R)-人参皂苷Rg3诱导MCF-7自噬作用的最佳剂量。方法人乳腺癌细胞株分为20(R)-人参皂苷Rg3实验组及空白对照组。采用MTT法观察20(R)-人参皂苷Rg3对MCF-7细胞生长的抑制作用,并依据计算出的IC50值确定20(R)-人参皂苷Rg3的有效浓度。结果当20(R)-人参皂苷Rg3浓度在37.5～600.0mg/L时,MCF-7细胞的生长抑制率最高,并随其浓度的增加而增大,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。在荧光显微镜下观察到细胞所含自噬泡明显增多,说明20(R)-人参皂苷Rg 3可诱导乳腺癌细胞自噬。蛋白质印迹法检测结果显示：LC 3蛋白,特别是LC 3-I 的表达量与细胞自噬程度呈正相关,随着20(R)-人参皂苷Rg 3干预浓度的增大,LC3-I和LC3-I蛋白表达量亦明显升高,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论20(R)-人参皂苷Rg3能显著抑制MCF-7细胞的增殖,且呈现良好的剂量、时间依赖性;20(R)-人参皂苷Rg 3有诱导MCF-7细胞自噬作用。     

人参皂苷Rg1激活PI3K/Akt信号通路对6-OHDA毒性作用的影响

目的 探讨人参皂苷Rg1对抗6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)毒性作用的信号通路.方法 MES23.5细胞常规培养,免疫印迹法观察人参皂苷Rg1预处理对6-OHDA诱导的磷酸化蛋白激酶B (Akt) 表达的影响,MTT法观察细胞的存活率.结果 6-OHDA可时间依赖性地降低MES23.5细胞磷酸化Akt的表达(F=24.51,P<0.01),人参皂苷Rg1预处理可明显增强磷酸化Akt的表达(t=471.60,P<0.01);人参皂苷Rg1预处理可明显降低6-OHDA对MES23.5细胞的损伤作用,此作用可以被磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)特异性抑制剂LY294002所阻断(F=25.12,P<0.01).结论 人参皂苷Rg1通过激活PI3K/Akt信号通路对抗6-OHDA对MES23.5神经细胞的毒性作用.     

人参皂苷Rg3对急性髓细胞性白血病THP-1、HL-60细胞的干预作用

目的:探讨人参皂苷Rg3对急性髓细胞性白血病的干预机制。方法:体外培养急性单核细胞性白血病细胞系(THP-1)、急髓白血病M3细胞系(HL-60),采用人参皂苷Rg3对细胞系进行干预,采用MTS法检测细胞增殖,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡,Western blot法分析相关蛋白表达。结果:人参皂苷Rg3对THP-1、HL-60细胞均有不同程度的抑制生长效果,IC50分别为3.5、3.02 g·L~(-1)。人参皂苷Rg3作用24 h、48 h均可抑制急性髓细胞性白血病细胞增殖,且抑制作用与药物剂量呈依赖关系;人参皂苷Rg3对THP-1以及HL-60细胞的凋亡可起到诱导作用,细胞凋亡会随药物浓度升高而增加,且干预时间延长同样会增加细胞凋亡率,细胞凋亡率呈现时间、剂量依赖性。在作用48 h后,凋亡相关因子PARP出现了降解分裂条带,THP-1出现了Caspase-8条带轻度减弱,HL-60细胞出现了p-Akt明显减弱。结论:人参皂苷Rg3可以对Caspase-8及PARP相关蛋白的表达以及凋亡过程起到激活作用,使p-Akt表达水平降低,从而对肿瘤细胞的增殖以及凋亡起到抑制以及诱导作用。     

人参皂苷Rg1对血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨人参皂苷Rg1对血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)凋亡的逆转作用.方法 体外培养HUVECs,采用台盼蓝染色方法筛选人参皂苷Rg1最适浓度,采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳和末端脱氧核糖核苷酸转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)染色检测细胞凋亡情况.结果 台盼蓝染色显示人参皂苷Rg1的最适浓度为40 μg/mL.琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示,对照组和Rg1组未见凋亡条带,AngⅡ组可见清楚的细胞凋亡的"梯状"条带,而AngⅡ+Rg1组可见不明显的细胞凋亡的"梯状"DNA断裂条带.TUNEL染色显示,与对照组和Rg1组相比,AngⅡ组细胞凋亡数量增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与AngⅡ组相比,AngⅡ+Rg1组细胞凋亡数量减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),凋亡百分比由38.667%下降到10.667%,但仍高于对照组和Rg1组(P<0.01).结论 40 μg/mL人参皂苷Rg1可一定程度逆转AngⅡ诱导的HUVECs凋亡.     

人参皂苷Rg1对6-OHDA所致MES23.5神经细胞损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨人参皂苷Rg1对6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA) 所致MES23.5神经细胞损伤的保护作用.方法 MES23.5细胞常规培养,观察人参皂苷Rg1预处理对6-OHDA毒性作用的影响,MTT法观察细胞存活率,实时荧光半定量反转录聚合酶链反应(real time RT-PCR)观察酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)和Bcl-2基因的表达情况.结果 6-OHDA 可剂量依赖性地损伤MES23.5细胞(F=71.24,P<0.01),人参皂苷Rg1预处理可对抗6-OHDA的毒性作用(F=14.63,P<0.01);6-OHDA可明显降低TH和Bcl-2基因的表达,人参皂苷Rg1预处理可明显逆转上述改变(F=9.80、15.34,P<0.01).结论 人参皂苷Rg1可明显对抗6-OHDA对MES23.5神经细胞的损伤,其作用机制可能与抗凋亡有关.     

人参皂苷Rg1抑制NLRP3/Caspase-1通路抵抗肾纤维化的作用研究

目的：通过体内外实验探讨人参皂苷Rg1对转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞HK2纤维化细胞株中炎症及其抗纤维化的机制。方法：将HK2细胞诱导分组为对照组、纤维化模型组（2 ng/mL的TGF-β1诱导纤维化）、低剂量人参皂苷Rg1治疗组（2 ng/mL的TGF-β1+15μg/mL人参皂苷Rg1）、高剂量人参皂苷Rg1治疗组（2 ng/mL的TGF-β1+45μg/mL人参皂苷Rg1）;Western印迹及免疫荧光检测结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白（Col-1）表达水平；Western印迹检测NOD样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)及半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶-1(Caspase-1)表达水平；透射电镜检测细胞焦亡水平。动物研究将大鼠诱导分为对照组、模型组（单侧输尿管梗阻）、低剂量人参皂苷Rg1治疗组（单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠+50 mg/kg人参皂苷Rg1）、高剂量人参皂苷Rg1治疗组（单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠+100 mg/kg人参皂苷Rg1）;Western印迹检测肾组织中蛋白表达水平；苏木精-伊红（HE）及Masson检测肾脏病理...     

人参皂苷Rg1上调miR-298抑制胰腺癌肿瘤生长

目的 探讨人参皂苷Rg1对胰腺癌的影响及调控机制。方法 采用3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐（MTT）检测0、2.5、5、10、20μmol/L人参皂苷Rg1对人胰腺癌细胞PANC-1细胞活力的影响,流式细胞术检测人参皂苷Rg1对PANC-1细胞凋亡的影响,Western blot检测人参皂苷Rg1对PANC-1细胞BCL-2相关X蛋白（BAX）和B淋巴细胞瘤-2蛋白（BCL2）表达的影响,Transwell实验检测人参皂苷Rg1对PANC-1细胞侵袭能力的影响,划痕实验检测人参皂苷Rg1对PANC-1细胞迁移能力的影响,实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测人参皂苷Rg1对PANC-1细胞miR-298水平的影响;将胰腺癌细胞分为三组：对照组、人参皂苷Rg1组和人参皂苷Rg1+miR-298 inhibitor组,MTT检测细胞活力,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;Transwell检测细胞侵袭能力,划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力,Western blot检测BAX和BCL2蛋白的表达;构建胰腺癌荷瘤小鼠,进行人参皂苷Rg1处理,观察瘤体组织大小和重量变化,Western...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.