棉酚对雄性大鼠睾酮生成的影响

给大鼠喂服醋酸棉酚每日30mg/kg,6或8wk后用放射免疫法测定血清、睾丸间质细胞液和曲精细管液中睾酮的浓度;用放射配体结合法测定睾丸中黄体生成素(LH)和卵泡刺激素(FSH)受体的含量。结果表明在上述剂量和给药时间的条件下,棉酚对垂体-睾丸轴系无影响。     

停服棉酚后血清和精浆中睾酮等4种有关激素水平变化

停服棉酚后少精及无精者血清中卵泡刺激素(FSH),黄体生成激素(LH)水平明显升高,精浆中睾酮水平显著下降,无精者精浆中FSH显著升高,其余无显著变化。表明虽然这些人血清中睾酮无明显改变,但支持细胞和间质细胞可能都已受到影响。因此认为,间质细胞功能是否受损,血清LH可能是一个比血清睾酮更为敏感的指标。     

棉酚造成大鼠精子质量下降与NO之间关系的研究

目的阐明棉酚造成精子质量下降的生化机制,为其应用和降低毒副作用提供新思路。方法采用Wistar大鼠口服给予棉酚(50mg·kg-1/2d),2wk后取附睾尾精子,采用CASA进行检测,同时对血清中的促黄体生成素(LH),促卵泡生成素(FSH)、睾酮(T)进行检测,对睾丸组织形态学以及组织内的一氧化氮(NO)含量进行检测。结果棉酚可造成精子的数量减少,活力降低。睾丸组织内部结构紊乱,睾丸组织中的NO水平上升,血清中的T下降,而对FSH、LH无影响。化合物NA1108可拮抗棉酚造成的精子质量下降,降低睾丸内NO含量,升高血清中T含量。结论棉酚造成精子质量降低的机制之一是由于其造成睾丸组织内NO的过量产生,从而损伤睾丸组织内的多种细胞所致,能降低睾丸内NO含量的药物可提高精子质量。     

评价二甲双胍在多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者促排卵治疗中的作用

目的对二甲双胍在多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者促排卵治疗中的作用进行分析和探讨。方法选取30例多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者,随机分为两组。观察组15例患者,采用口服二甲双胍的方法治疗12周;对照组15例患者,采用高纯度促卵泡激素(FSH-HP)治疗的方法,将两组患者治疗前后血清FSH、黄体生成激素(LH)、睾酮(T)、LH/FSH及空腹胰岛素(INS)的水平进行比较,进而评价二甲双胍在多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者促排卵治疗中的作用。结果两组患者治疗前后血清FSH、黄体生成激素(LH)、睾酮(T)、LH/FSH及空腹胰岛素(INS)的具体变化为观察组治疗后FSH、LH、LH/FSH、T及INS变化明显,有显著性差异,有统计学意义,有可比性(P<0.05)。对照组治疗后FSH、LH、LH/FSH、T及INS变化不明显,无显著性差异,无统计学意义,无可比性(P>0.05)。两组患者经过治疗后,观察组的排卵率、妊娠率及先兆流产率显著优于对照组,两组有有显著性差异,有统计学意义,有可比性(P<0.05)。结论二甲双胍对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者有一定的促进排卵作用,疗程疗效好,能显著提高妊娠率、排卵率,降低流产率,有一定的临床应用价值。     

雷公藤多甙与棉酚合用对雄大鼠生育力的影响

本研究探讨雷公藤多甙(GTW)与棉酚合用对雄大鼠生育力的影响。SD雄大鼠用棉酚及GTW各6 mg/kg/d,灌胃给药,每周6日,共11周。10只用药动物全部不育,附睾精子密度和活率也明显下降,而体重增长如常,性行为存在。睾丸光镜下结构绝大多数无明显异常,血清睾酮水平正常,副性腺重量无明显变化。停药6周后生育力恢复。在相同剂量下,单用GTW或棉酚均无抗生育效果。表明两药合用有相加作用,为减少棉酚和GTW副作用提供一条可能途径。     

GnRH拮抗剂对子宫内膜异位症模型大鼠的实验研究

目的观察促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)拮抗剂阿巴瑞克(Abarelix)对大鼠移植性异位子宫内膜的抑制作用及其对子宫内膜异位症模型大鼠血清CA125、E_2、FSH、LH水平的影响。方法用外科自体移植术建立大鼠子宫内膜异位症动物模型,分为4组:对照组、去势组、GnRH激动剂丙氨瑞林组和阿巴瑞克组。分别测定给药前及给药4周后,各组模型大鼠异位子宫内膜体积及血清CA125、E_2、FSH、LH水平,观察给药前后各组模型大鼠异位子宫内膜体积及血清CA125、E_2、FSH、LH水平变化。结果给药4周后,阿巴瑞克组模型大鼠异位子宫内膜体积明显缩小,血清CA125、E_2、FSH、LH水平明显降低。结论阿巴瑞克对异位子宫内膜有抑制作用,对子宫内膜异位症有治疗作用,具有良好的临床应用前景。     

补肾益精胶囊对少弱精症模型大鼠精子数量、质量、Ca2+含量及性激素水平影响

目的:观察补肾益精胶囊对少弱精症模型大鼠精子数量、活力、精子胞浆钙含量以及性激素水平的影响,探讨作用机制。方法:采用灌服雷公藤多苷30mg·kg-1连续8周,制备大鼠少弱精症模型。再给予补肾益精胶囊连续30d,末次给药后30min,麻醉动物,腹主动脉取血,分离血清,采用化学发光法测定血清睾酮(T)和雌二醇(E2)水平;采用放射免疫法测定黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)含量;迅速摘取附睾,测定精子密度和精子活力;过滤纯化精子,采用流式细胞技术测定精子胞浆Ca2+含量。结果:模型组动物精子密度、活力明显降低,胞浆Ca2+含量及血清T、FSH、LH水平显著下降。补肾益精胶囊能明显增加少弱精症模型大鼠的精子密度和精子活力,显著提高精子胞浆Ca2+含量和血清T、FSH、LH水平。结论:补肾益精胶囊对少弱精症有明显的治疗作用,提高精子胞浆Ca2+含量和维持正常性激素水平,可能是中医"补肾法"治疗少弱精症的现代内涵之一。     

血清抗缪勒氏管激素(AMH)诊断多囊卵巢综合征的价值观察

目的探究血清抗缪勒氏管激素(AMH)用于诊断多囊卵巢综合征的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2016年1月～2018年1月就诊的58例多囊卵巢综合征患者(观察组)和同期进行体检的经期正常的女性38例(对照组)。分别测定两组人员的生殖内分泌指标[AMH、促卵泡激素(FSH)、促黄体生成激素(LH)]水平,并对比AMH与LH/FSH诊断多囊卵巢综合征的敏感度和特异度。结果两组FSH水平差异无统计学意义(P 0.05),观察组血清AMH、LH水平均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。两组受试者血清AMH与LH/FSH检测结果显示:血清AMH诊断多囊卵巢综合征的敏感度、特异度、准确率均高于LH/FSH。结论血清AMH水平可作为多囊卵巢综合征的参考指导标志物,具有较高的敏感性和特异性,在多囊卵巢综合征的临床诊断中具有重要的应用价值。     

不同方法治疗多囊卵巢综合征伴不孕症患者的疗效对比

目的:探讨达英-35联合克罗米芬药物治疗多囊卵巢综合征伴不孕的临床疗效。方法:将200例多囊卵巢综合征伴不孕患者随机分成两组,观察组采用克罗米芬和达英-35治疗,对照组采用克罗米芬治疗,比较两组患者治愈率。结果:治疗后两组患者血清睾酮(T)、黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2)水平及LH/FSH比值均显著低于治疗前(P<0.05);观察组血T,LH,FSH,E2水平及LH/FSH比值均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗3~6个月,观察组患者累积排卵率、妊娠率均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:达英-35联合克罗米芬可有效治疗多囊卵巢综合征,最大程度上促进患者排卵,提高患者妊娠率。     

苍附导痰汤对肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征模型大鼠子宫内膜及卵巢中oatp4a1表达与性激素水平的影响

目的:研究苍附导痰汤对肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)模型大鼠子宫内膜与卵巢中有机阴离子转运肽(oatp)4a1表达与性激素水平的影响。方法:复制大鼠肥胖型PCOS模型。50只大鼠随机均分为正常对照(等容生理盐水)组、模型(等容生理盐水)组、二甲双胍(0.043 g/kg)组与苍附导痰汤高、低剂量[5.68、1.42 g(生药)/kg]组,ig给药,每天1次,连续14 d。电化学发光法和Western blot法测定大鼠子宫内膜与卵巢中oatp4a1蛋白表达;酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定大鼠血清中黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡生成素(FSH)、睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)水平。结果:与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠子宫内膜与卵巢中oatp4a1蛋白表达减弱,大鼠血清中LH、LH/FSH比值、T水平升高,FSH、E2水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,二甲双胍组和苍附导痰汤高、低剂量组大鼠子宫内膜与卵巢组织中oatp4a1蛋白表达增强,血清中LH/FSH、T水平降低,E2水平升高;二甲双胍组和苍附导痰汤高剂量组大鼠血清中LH水平降低,FSH水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:苍附导痰汤能够增强肥胖型PCOS模型大鼠子宫内膜与卵巢中oatp4a1的表达,改善机体痰湿状态,纠正性激素水平。     

口服棉酚者血清中睾丸酮、促黄体生成素和卵泡素浓度的变化

棉酚是一种作用干睾丸的抗精子发生药物、损伤变态过程的精子细胞和中晚期精母细胞,近期亦有人报道棉酚能进一步损伤精原细胞与间质细胞,但棉酚对人垂体性腺轴系激素的影响报道不多。本文通过测定服用棉酚1～79个月的男子血中睾丸酮,LH和FSH含量的变化,探讨棉酚对人垂体性腺轴系的影响、观察棉酚对睾丸间质细胞及生精上皮的损伤作用。     

Delayed effects of doxorubicin on spermatogenesis and endocrine function in rats

Doxorubicin was administered to adult male Wistar rats (1 mg/kg body weight, three times per week, for one, two, three, or four weeks) in order to examine testicular and reproductive endocrine toxicity 56 days after treatment. Doxorubicin treatment produced persistent dose-related reductions in testis, epididymis, and seminal vesicle weights, but did not alter ventral prostate weight. Testis and serum testosterone levels were not significantly affected by treatment, but serum LH was increased after treatment, and binding of iodinated hCG to testicular LH receptors was reduced. Serum FSH was elevated by the two lower total administered doses, but was not different from controls after treatment with the two higher total doses. There was clear histologic evidence of dose-dependent damage to the seminiferous tubules, which was reflected by decreased testicular and epididymal sperm content and by reductions in the stem-cell survival index. These results indicate that doxorubicin produces significant and persistent damage to the endocrine and spermatogenic compartments of the testis.     

Lack of spermatotoxic effects of methyl and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in rats.

Parabens are alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid widely used as preservatives in foodstuffs, cosmetics toiletries and pharmaceuticals. These compounds are known to exert a weak estrogenic activity in estrogen receptor assays in vitro. In addition butyl and propyl parabens show uterotrophic activity in vivo. It was previously shown that exposure of post-weaning rats and mice to butyl or propyl parabens adversely affects the secretion of testosterone and the function of the male reproductive system. In the present study, it is shown that methyl and ethyl parabens do not adversely affect the secretion of sex hormones or the male reproductive function. Methyl and ethyl parabens were administered to 25-27-day-old rats assigned to five groups of eight animals each, at doses of 0.1% and 1.0% each in the rat's diet. At the end of 8 weeks, the rats were sacrificed by decapitation and the weights of the testes, epididymides, prostates, seminal vesicles and preputial glands were determined. There were no treatment-related effects of either compound on the organ weights in any of the study groups. Neither compound exhibited anti-spermatogenic effects nor elicited changes in levels of testosterone, LH and FSH at a dose level of about 1000 mg/kg of body weight per day.     

Serum gonadotropins in the rat after prenatal damage to the testes by busulfan and their reaction to cryptorchidism, castration and administration of testosterone.

Adult male rats prenatally treated with 1,4-bis-(methanesulfonyloxy)-butane (busulfan), which damages the gonocytes, undergo cryptorchidization, castration or testosterone treatment and the FSH, LH and testosterone levels in serum are measured. Basal values of these hormones do not differ from those of controls. After cryptorchidization FSH levels rise but the LH levels do not. Following orchidectomy both hormone levels increase significantly. Application of testosterone in various doses increases FSH in normal animals but not in busulfan treated rats 24 h post infectionem. FSH and LH levels 7 days after administration do not differ from controls. According to the hypothesis that the FSH release depends on an inhibin from the testes, these experiments show evidence for inhibin being produced only in the Sertoli cells.     

Reproductive toxicity of 2,4-toluenediamine in the rat. 2. Spermatogenic and hormonal effects

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the endocrinologic and spermatogenic effects of 2,4-toluenediamine (TDA) in the rat. Adult male rats were fed 0,0.01, and 0.03% TDA ad libitum for 10 wk. At the end of wk 10 and at 11 wk post TDA treatment, the animals were killed, and cauda epididymal sperm counts and reproductive organ weights were determined. Blood samples were obtained for analyses of testosterone and gonadotropins. Treatment with 0.03% TDA for 10 wk reduced the weight of the seminal vesicles and epididymides and reduced serum testosterone levels. Cauda epididymal sperm counts were decreased in animals treated with 0.03% TDA for 10 wk and in TDA-treated animals placed on normal diet for 11 wk. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were increased and weights of epididymides and testes were reduced in 0.03%-TDA-treated animals placed on normal diet for 11 wk. The results indicate that TDA exerts a toxic effect on spermatogenesis and appears to affect androgen action and production in the male rat. Since the males exhibited reduced cauda epididymal sperm counts 11 wk after 0.03% TDA treatment, it appears that TDA induced damage to the germinal components of the testes.     

Investigation of the effects of patulin on thyroid and testis, and hormone levels in growing male rats.

Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by several species of Penicillium, Aspergillus and Byssachlamys. Patulin can be produced on different food products including fruits, grains, cheese, cured meats, but in natural situations patulin is usually found in apple and apple products. In the present study, the time-dependent effects of patulin on the T3, T4, thyroid stimulating hormone, testosterone, luteinizing hormone and growth hormone levels of growing male rats were investigated. Patulin, at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg bw/day, was administered by gavage to growing male rats aged 5-6 weeks for a period of 60 or 90 days. The dose of patulin used in the present study was based on estimated human exposure levels. At the end of the experiment, serum T3, T4, TSH, testosterone, LH and GH levels of rats in control and treatment groups were analysed. In addition, the thyroid and testes were histopathologically examined by light microscopy. Results revealed that while patulin caused an increase (66.6%) in testosterone levels and a decrease (17.3%) in T4 levels of rats treated for 60 days, there was no change in the other hormone levels compared to those of the control group. When patulin treatment was extended to 90 days, increased serum testosterone (75%) and LH levels (146%) were observed. In histological examinations of the testes of rats treated with patulin, oedema, fibrosis and local Leydig cell hyperplasia in the interstitial tissue, and disorganization of seminiferous tubule epithelium were also observed. In addition, the thyroid of rats treated with patulin revealed lymphoid cell inflitration and enlargement of interstitial tissue between follicles, and degenerated colloid.     

Malathion-induced testicular toxicity in male rats and the protective effect of vitamins C and E

Sexually mature male Wistar rats (weighing 300–320 g and each group 6 animals) were given malathion (27 mg/kg; 1/50 of the LD₅₀ for an oral dose) and/or vitamin C (200 mg/kg) + vitamin E (200 mg/kg) daily via gavage for 4 weeks. The sperm counts, sperm motility, sperm morphology, FSH, LH, and testosterone levels, and histopathological changes in the testes of these rats, were investigated at the end of the 4th week. By the end of 4th week, rats given malathion alone, or in combination with vitamins C and E, had significantly lower sperm counts and sperm motility, and significantly higher abnormal sperm numbers, than the untreated control rats. The rats given malathion alone or in combination with vitamins also had significantly lower plasma FSH, LH and testosterone levels than the control rats. Co-treatment of malathion-exposed rats with vitamins E and C had a protective effect on sperm counts, sperm motility and abnormal sperm numbers, but not on plasma FSH, LH and testosterone levels. Light microscopic investigations revealed that 4 weeks of malathion exposure was associated with necrosis and edema in the seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissues. Degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules were also observed in the rats which received malathion and supplemented with vitamins C and E, but milder histopathological changes were observed in the interstitial tissues. Thus, it appears that vitamins C and E ameliorate malathion testicular toxicity but are not completely protective.     

Effects of Tylosin on the Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Male Rats

Abstract: Former investigations in rats showed a decrease of thyroid hormone concentrations after treatment with the antibiotic and growth promoter tylosin (Schäfer 1984). In the present study, the effects of tylosin on the pituitary-gonadal axis in adult rats were studied. The substance was administered in two concentrations to rats (0.1 and 5.0 mg tylosin/kg feed) for three different periods: 15, 29 and 65 days. At the end of each period the organ weights were determined and the hormone levels in serum and pituitary gland were measured by radioimmunoassay. After 15 days reduced levels of LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) in the pituitary gland and LH in serum were found. Moreover, the weight of seminal vesicles was decreased and the weight of pituitary increased. After 29 days an equilibrium between effects of tylosin and endocrine contraregulation seemed to be achieved. The prolonged tylosin administration (65 days) depressed testosterone concentration and increased hypophyseal LH stores. The testing of the pituitary-testicular axis with acute LHRH (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone) stimulation caused a reduced increse of LH in animals treated with 0.1 mg tylosin. In contrast, the LH responsiveness to LHRH in animals treated with 5.0 mg tylosin was unchanged, while the testosterone response to released LH was reduced. These findings demonstrate that tylosin acts on the pituitary as well as on peripheral functions of the pituitary-gonadal-axis and that its effect depends on the time interval of tylosin administration.