外科Apgar评分与脑胶质瘤术后并发症的关系

为明确外科Apgar评分是否可以用于预测脑胶质瘤术后并发症发生情况，2005年4月-2009年10月，我们分析了201例接受手术治疗的脑胶质瘤患者外科Apgar评分与术后并发症发生情况的关系。现报告如下。     

结直肠癌腹腔镜经自然腔道取标本手术（NOSES IV式）术后并发症危险因素分析

目的探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌经自然腔道取标本手术（NOSES）术后发生并发症的相关危险因素。 方法采用回顾性病例对照研究方法,收集并分析自2014年1月~2019年6月在中国医学科学院肿瘤医院结直肠外科行结直肠癌NOSES IV式手术患者的临床病理资料。共纳入172例患者,分析患者一般资料、病理资料、术者经验、术中情况等临床资料与术后并发症的关系,应用χ²检验进行单因素分析,并将有意义因素纳入logistic回归模型进行多因素分析。 结果172例患者中,共21例（12.2%）患者出现术后并发症,常见并发症依次为腹盆腔感染（4.7%）、吻合口漏（3.5%）、腹腔出血（1.7%）、肺部感染（1.7%）、吻合口狭窄（1.2%）、直肠阴道瘘（1.2%）、肺栓塞（1.2%）、切口感染（1.2%）。单因素分析结果显示：肿瘤直径（χ²=5.144,P=0.023）、术者经验（χ²=4.412,P=0.042）、手术时间（χ²=4.713,P=0.030）是影响NOSES IV式术后出现并发症的相关因素。进一步将单因素分析有统计学意义的因素纳入Logistic回归分析,结果显示,手术时间（OR=3.317,95%CI：1.024~10.747;P=0.046）是NOSES IV式术后并发症发生的独立危险因素。 结论手术时间≥135 min是结直肠癌腹腔镜NOSES IV式术后并发症发生的独立危险因素。严格把握NOSES适应证、熟练灵活使用腔镜器械是降低NOSES术后并发症的有效保障。     

加速康复外科应用于结直肠癌根治术围手术期管理的效果研究

目的探讨加速康复外科应用于结直肠癌根治术患者围手术期管理的临床效果。 方法回顾性研究2011年1月至2015年12月某综合性三级甲等公立医院1 390例结直肠癌根治术患者的临床病例资料,按照患者围手术期管理流程是否具备加速康复外科模式五大基本要素分为加速康复外科模式组和传统模式组,分析比较结肠癌及直肠癌患者两种模式下的康复质量、康复效率及医疗费用之间的差异。 结果术后康复质量方面,结肠癌及直肠癌患者的加速康复外科模式组与传统模式组术后30 d非计划再入院率（Χ²=2.102,P=0.147;Χ²=0.279,P=0.662）、术后30 d非计划再手术率（Χ²=0.013,P=0.908;Χ²=0.606,P=0.527）、差异无统计学意义,直肠癌术后并发症发生率加速康复外科模式组低于传统模式组（Χ²=4.772,P=0.031）。术后康复效率方面,结肠癌及直肠癌患者加速康复外科模式组与传统模式组在平均住院日（Χ²=2.19,P=0.031;Χ²=2.03,P=0.045）、术后住院日方面（Χ²=2.15,P=0.034;Χ²=2.11,P=0.036）差异有统计学意义;结、直肠癌根治术患者ERAS模式组住院费用（t=-4.61,Z=-7.85）、药品费（Z=-3.42,Z=-6.85）、服务费（Z=-3.87,Z=-5.50）、检查费（Z=-3.54,Z=-6.46）、材料费（Z=-3.33,Z=-5.57）、床位费（Z=-4.28,Z=-14.84）低于传统模式组,差异具有统计学意义（均P<0.01）,结、直肠癌患者加速康复外科模式组单病种日均住院费用（t=2.01,P=0.046;Z=-8.14,P<0.01）高于传统模式组,差异具有统计学意义。 结论加速康复外科模式应用于结直肠癌患者围手术期管理降低患者并发症的总发生率;缩短患者术后住院时间,降低住院费、药品费、服务费、检查费、材料费、床位费等费用,因此,加速康复外科提升了临床医疗质效,降低了住院费用,有利于提升三级综合性公立医院的服务能力。     

腹腔镜下"无管化"结直肠手术的临床研究

目的通过改善围手术期处理实现腹腔镜下结直肠手术"无管化";将腹腔镜下"无管化"结直肠手术与传统术后留置鼻胃管、腹腔引流管和导尿管腹腔镜下的结直肠手术在术后恢复和并发症方面进行对照研究,进一步论证腹腔镜下"无管化"结直肠手术的可行性和安全性。 方法将49例结、直肠恶性肿瘤患者随机分为常规留置"三管"手术组（对照组）（23例）、"无管化"手术组（TF组）（26例）。比较患者基线特征指标、术后恢复指标、生活质量量表（QoR-40）评估、术后安全性指标。 结果"无管化"手术组有3人术后发生尿潴留;"无管化"手术组与对照组相比,其术后阿片类镇痛药物的使用天数（Z=5.241,P<0.001）和住院天数明显缩短（t=3.21,P=0.002）,差异均有统计学意义。两组患者在吻合口漏、肠梗阻、切口感染、肺部感染、心力衰竭、深静脉血栓和心脑血管意外等并发症的发生率方面差异无明显统计学意义（均P>0.05）。"无管化"手术组术后48 h QoR-40总分明显高于对照组（Z=5.774,P<0.01）;其中"无管化"手术组在身体舒适度、自理能力和疼痛方面的评分明显优于对照组（P<0.01）。 结论在结直肠手术后常规留置鼻胃管、导尿管和腹腔引流管并不能使患者获益;而"无管化"结直肠手术通过减少患者术后不适,明显改善患者术后恢复质量,且不增加术后短期并发症的发生;是一种安全、可行的治疗措施。     

洛铂用于结直肠癌术中腹腔灌洗化疗的近期疗效分析

目的探讨洛铂用于结直肠癌术中腹腔灌洗化疗的安全性和可行性。 方法选取中国医学科学院肿瘤医院结直肠外科在2016年11月1日至2017年11月1日行结直肠癌根治术的患者160例,采用随机数余数分组法前瞻性随机分为洛铂灌洗化疗组（研究组）80例和无腹腔化疗组（对照组）80例,研究组术中行洛铂腹腔灌洗化疗,对照组不行腹腔化疗。分析两组术后肠道功能恢复、血液和肝肾功能毒性以及术后并发症等近期疗效的差异。 结果研究组和对照组术后总并发症发生率相似,分别为11.2%和12.5%（χ²=0.060,P=0.807）。两组患者术后肠道功能恢复状况、白细胞和血小板水平以及术后出现肝肾功能异常、消化道反应患者数量之间差异也均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。 结论洛铂术中腹腔灌洗化疗并不增加结直肠癌患者毒副反应及术后并发症,具有良好的安全性和可行性。     

基于智能听诊系统采集肠鸣音对结直肠癌术后延迟性肠麻痹的研究

目的研究术后第一天肠鸣音对结直肠癌手术患者围术期术后延迟性肠麻痹（PPOI）的预测价值。 方法回顾性分析2019年2月~2021年2月陕西省人民医院普外二科124例确诊结直肠癌行手术治疗患者的临床资料,通过ROC曲线对患者术后第一天肠率、肠鸣音振幅、肠鸣音频率和肠鸣音持续时间与PPOI进行分析。采用单因素和多因素分析研究影响结直肠癌患者围术期PPOI发生的危险因素。 结果共纳入124例患者,男性70例,女性54例。其中PPOI组患者42例,非PPOI组患者82例;通过ROC曲线分析发现术后第一天肠率和肠鸣音频率对围术期PPOI发病的预测差异有统计学意义（Z=3.300,2.159;P＜0.05）。结直肠癌围术期PPOI发生的单因素分析发现,合并不全肠梗阻（OR=2.400,P=0.027）、氟尿嘧啶植入剂（OR=2.418,P=0.030）,术后第一天肠率≤2.407 cpm（OR=0.287,P=0.002）,术后第一天肠鸣音频率≤442.294 Hz（OR=2.805,P=0.012）是结直肠癌根治术患者围术期PPOI发生的影响因素。多因素分析结果显示,合并不全肠梗阻（OR=3.002,P=0.013）、术后第一天肠率≤2.407 cpm（OR=0.334,P=0.012）是结直肠癌根治术患者围术期PPOI的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。 结论智能听诊系统监测肠鸣音对术后患者胃肠道功能恢复具有预测价值。术后第一天肠率≤2.407 cpm是结直肠癌患者围术期PPOI发生的独立危险因素。     

手助腹腔镜与全腹腔镜外科治疗结直肠癌的对比研究

目的比较手助腹腔镜与全腹腔镜在外科治疗结直肠癌中的近期疗效,另外对手辅助腹腔镜外科治疗结直肠癌的安全性做出评估。 方法选取2011年11月至2014年4月哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院结直肠肿瘤外科的79例结直肠癌患者,其中接受腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术者41例,接受手辅助腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术者38例。根据2种术式分为全腹腔镜组（LAC组）和手助腹腔镜组（HALS组）。通过回顾性分析,比较2组患者的一般资料包括年龄、性别、肿瘤位置、肿瘤病理类型、分期、ASA分级、BMI指数等;手术资料包括手术时间、麻醉时间、术中出血量、中转开腹率、取标本切口长度、Trocar数目等;术后资料包括术后第一次排气时间、术后住院时间、住院费用、术后并发症情况等。 结果HALS组和LAC组两组手术时间、麻醉时间、术中出血量、Trocar使用数目、取标本切口长度、术后首次排气时间存在差异（P<0.05）;术后住院时间、住院费用、术后并发症差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论手辅助腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术与全腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术相比具有手术时间短、创伤小、术后恢复快等优点,是一种安全有效,可靠的技术。     

全程护理模式在结直肠肿瘤加速康复外科中的应用及临床价值

目的探讨全程护理模式在结直肠肿瘤加速康复外科围手术期中应用的临床价值及地位。 方法选择2015年7月1日至2016年7月1日行腹腔镜手术治疗的150例结直肠癌患者作为研究对象,随机分为全程护理组75例和对照组75例,围手术期对照组只采用加速康复护理,全程护理组在加速康复护理的基础上予以全程护理干预,全程护理组医师与责任护士协同患者整个住院期间的诊治护理,协同主管医生及时调整治疗方案,进一步强化加速康复措施的执行。比较两组患者术后肛门首次排气排便时间、术后首次进食时间、术后下床时间、总住院时间,以及尿潴留、腹胀、肺部感染、术后疼痛、低蛋白血症等并发症的发生率。 结果全程护理组首次排便时间（t=-13.49,P=0.034）、术后首次下床时间（t=17.067,P=0.044）、术后进食时间（t=9.704,P<0.01）、总住院时间（t=-0.195,P=0.045）均小于对照组,其在术后并发症肺部感染（χ²=4.807,P=0.028）、疼痛（χ²=5.021,P<0.025）等方面也优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。 结论全程护理模式在结直肠肿瘤加速康复外科围术期中具有优化各项护理举措,为患者提供全程、系统、延续的整体护理,对减少术后并发症,提高患者满意度,缩短患者住院时间具有积极的临床意义。     

快速康复外科护理在结直肠癌NOSES手术患者中的应用探索

目的探讨快速康复外科护理对结直肠癌NOSES术患者术后恢复效果及心理状况的影响。 方法选取2018年5月至2019年3月在中国医学科学院肿瘤医院行结直肠癌NOSES手术的患者90例为研究对象。按照随机数字表法将其分为实验组和对照组,每组45例。实验组给予快速康复外科护理管理,对照组给予常规护理。观察术后首次排气、排便、离床活动、住院时间及患者焦虑抑郁程度的组间差异。 结果入院时,两组焦虑评分（t=0.744,P=0.461）和抑郁评分（t=-1.879,P=0.066）差异均无统计学意义,具有可比性。实验组在术后48 h焦虑评分低于对照组（t=-5.85,P<0.01）、抑郁评分低于对照组（t=-6.04,P<0.01）,差异有统计学意义。实验组术后首次排气时间短于对照组（t=-2.32,P=0.025）,首次排便时间短于对照组（t=-2.48,P=0.017）,首次离床活动时间早于对照组（t=-3.15,P=0.003）,平均住院时间短于对照组（t=-4.05,P<0.01）,差异均有统计学意义。 结论快速康复外科护理能够有效促进结直肠癌NOSES手术患者的术后恢复、改善焦虑抑郁状况,值得临床推广应用。     

符合Amsterdam标准的结肠肿瘤患者异时结直肠肿瘤发病风险研究

目的探讨符合Amsterdam标准的结肠肿瘤患者术后异时结直肠癌及高危腺瘤的发病风险及对生存的影响。 方法回顾分析南京医科大学附属江苏省肿瘤医院收治的34例符合Amsterdam标准的结肠肿瘤患者术后生存与异时结直肠肿瘤发病的随访资料。 结果6例患者接受了结肠全切除治疗,中位随访122个月,无异时结直肠肿瘤发生。28例患者接受了结肠部分切除治疗,中位随访82个月,10例发生了异时结直肠癌,1例发生了需要手术切除的异时结肠腺瘤。结肠部分切除组5年和10年累计异时结直肠肿瘤发病风险分别为24.1%和48.2%,与结肠全切除组相比差异具有统计学意义（P=0.047）。全组总体5年和10年生存率分别为100%和85.6%。结肠部分切除组与结肠全切除组总体生存率差异无统计学意义（P=0.306）。发生异时结直肠肿瘤的患者与没有发生异时结直肠肿瘤的患者相比,总体生存率差异无统计学意义（P=0.901）。结肠部分切除后患者性别、年龄、既往结直肠癌手术史、肿瘤部位、分化程度和分期与异时结直肠肿瘤的发病风险均无显著相关关系。 结论符合Amsterdam标准的结肠肿瘤患者术后发生异时结直肠肿瘤的风险相当高,与结肠部分切除相比,结肠全切除治疗有助于预防异时结直肠肿瘤,但不能显著改善总体生存率。     

The Surgical Apgar Score predicts outcomes of emergency abdominal surgeries both in fit and frail older patients

The Surgical Apgar Score (SAS) is a simple and rapid scoring system predicting postoperative mortality and morbidity. However, it remains unknown whether it might be useful in fit and frail older patients undergoing abdominal emergency surgery.MethodsConsecutive patients ≥65 years, needing emergency abdominal surgery were enrolled in this prospective study. Additionally to the SAS, the G8 screening score was used to determine the frailty status. The logistic regression analysis was conducted investigating the association between the scores and 30-day postoperative outcomes.ResultsThe study sample comprised 315 older patients (165 female, 150 male) with a median age of 77 (range 65–100) years old. The prevalence of frailty was 60.3%. The most frequent surgical indications were acute cholecystitis, followed by ileus, complicated diverticulitis, ulcer perforation, complication of gastric cancer and other causes. The decreasing SAS was significantly associated with the increasing likelihood of both 30-day postoperative major complications (p < 0.01) and death (p < 0.01) both in fit and frail older patients. Multivariate analyses have identified the G8, frailty screening test, and the SAS score as independent factors that predict postoperative adverse events. The model combining both scores increased the discriminatory ability for 30-day postoperative major morbidity and mortality.ConclusionThe SAS confirmed to be a simple and powerful predictor of 30-day postoperative morbidity and mortality both in fit and frail older patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery. The department allocation algorithm based of the combination of the G8 and the SAS may be considered as an option to improve the outcomes of older patients undergoing abdominal emergency surgery.     

Apgar quirúrgico como predictor de complicaciones en cirugía oncológica gastrointestinal

Introduction and aimsSurgical resection of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is the cornerstone of curative treatment but entails considerable morbidity. The surgical Apgar score (SAS) is a practical and objective instrument that provides immediate feedback. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of the SAS for predicting complications at 30 days in patients with primary GI cancer that underwent curative surgery.Materials and methodsA prospective observational study was conducted that included 50 patients classified into a low SAS (≤ 4) group or a high SAS (≥ 5) group. Complications were defined as any event classified as a Clavien-Dindo grade II to V event. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed through the Cox regression and a p < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsOverall postoperative morbidity was 50.0%, with no mortality. Eighty-six percent of cases were catalogued as having an ASA ≥ 3. Eighty-eight percent had a high SAS, of whom 45.5% presented with a complication, whereas 12.0% had a low SAS and a complication rate of 83.3%. In the multivariate analysis, the BMI (OR: 3.351, 95% CI: 1.218-9.217, P=.019), SAS (OR: 0.266, 95% CI: 0.077-0.922, P=.037), surgery duration (OR: 3.170, 95% CI: 1.092-9.198, P=.034), and ephedrine use (OR: 0.356, 95% CI: 0.144-0.880, P=.025) were significantly associated with the development of adverse outcomes.ConclusionsSAS was shown to be an independent predictive factor of postoperative morbidity at 30 days in the surgical management of GI cancer and appears to offer a reliable sub-stratification in a high-risk population with an ASA ≥ 3.     

改良外科Apgar评分对肝门部胆管癌术后并发症的预测价值

目的探讨改良外科Apgar评分(mSAS)对肝门部胆管癌术后并发症的预测能力。方法回顾性分析2013年4月-2019年9月于中国医科大学附属盛京医院因肝门部胆管癌手术的患者188例,分为有并发症组(n=125)和无并发症组(n=63)。比较两组患者的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、CEA、CA19-9、Bismuth-Corlett分型、术前黄疸及Alb水平、外科Apgar评分(SAS)、手术方式等。偏态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用非参数Mann-Whitney U检验。计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验。多因素分析采用logistic回归模型,并绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)。ROC曲线下面积(AUC)的比较采用Z检验。结果188例患者中125例术后出现了并发症,发生率为66.5%。并发症组与无并发症组间mSAS差异具有统计学意义(χ2=65.685,P<0.001)。mSAS高分组(n=101)术后并发症发生率为40.6%,而mSAS低分组(n=87)术后并发症发生率为96.6%;对并发症进一步分析显示,菌血症、肺部感染、腹腔感染、切口并发症、腹腔出血以及肝衰竭在两组间差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为15.196、52.245、48.409、5.556、11.087、17.772,P值均<0.05)。多因素回归分析显示,mSAS[优势比(OR)=0.026,95%可信区间(95%CI:0.007~0.099,P<0.001)、手术方式(OR=2.195,95%CI:1.070~4.500,P=0.032)、术前黄疸水平(OR=2.470,95%CI:1.376~4.434,P=0.002)]是影响肝门部胆管癌术后并发症发生的独立因素。mSAS与SAS预测肝门部胆管癌术后出现并发症的AUC分别为0.830(95%CI:0.768~0.880)和0.776(95%CI:0.710~0.834)。mSAS的最佳临界值为6.5,敏感度为96.6%,特异度为59.4%,准确度为76.6%。结论mSAS有助于预测肝门部胆管癌术后并发症的发生。     

Post-operative morbidity and mortality in pancreatic surgery. The role of surgical Apgar score

BackgroundMorbidity and mortality rates after pancreatic resection still remain high. The surgical Apgar score (SAS) has been recently introduced as predictive value of perioperative outcomes after pancreatic surgery. Aim of the study was to detect significant parameters affecting post-operative outcomes in pancreatic surgery, and to evaluate the role of SAS in predicting morbidity, pancreatic fistulas and mortality.Materials and methodsData were collected from 143 patients who had undergone pancreatic resection for pancreatic and periampullary adenocarcinoma. Pre-operative and intra-operative parameters were statistically analyzed to evaluate their potential prognostic effects.ResultsA low SAS (p = 0.001), hypo-albuminemia (p = 0.003), and the need for blood transfusions (p = 0.05) were significant independent predictors of postoperative morbidity. The SAS was demonstrated to significantly predict major complications (p = 0.001) surgical site infections (p = 0.001) and mortality (p = 0.001).ConclusionThe SAS provides a simple, immediate, and objective means of measuring patient outcomes in surgery. This score should be used to identify patients at high risk of major complications and death after pancreatic surgery and may be useful to optimize the use of postoperative critical care beds and hospital resources.     

Colorectal surgery in octogenarian patients—outcomes and predictors of morbidity

Introduction  Surgery for elderly patients pose a constant challenge. This study aims to review the outcome and find predictors of adverse outcome in octogenarians undergoing major colorectal resection for cancer. Methods  A review of 121 octogenarians who underwent colorectal cancer surgery between September 1992 and May 2008 was performed. Comorbidities were quantified using the weighted Charlson Comorbidity Index and ASA classification. CR-POSSUM scores and ACPGBI scores and the predicted mortality rates were calculated. Outcome measures were morbidity rates and 30-day mortality rates. Results  The patients had a mean age of 83.5 years (range, 80–99). The mean index of comorbidity was 3.1 (2–7) and 12.5% of patients were classified ASA III and above. The mean predicted mortality rate based on CR-POSSUM and ACPGBI scoring models were 11.2% and 5.4% respectively. The overall observed morbidity rate was 30.7% and 30-day mortality was 1.6. Factors found on bivariate analysis to be significantly associated with an increased risk of morbidity were tumor presenting with complication, comorbid coronary heart disease, serum urea levels, ASA classification ≥3 and comorbidity index 3 of 5 ≥ 5. Multivariate analysis revealed the latter two factors to be independent predictors of morbidity. Conclusion  Octogenarians undergoing major colorectal resection have an acceptable perioperative morbidity and mortality rate and survival rate and should not be denied surgery based on age alone. Comorbidity index scores and ASA scores are useful tools to identify poor risk patients.     

Perioperative risk prediction in the era of enhanced recovery: a comparison of POSSUM,ACPGBI, and E-PASS scoring systems in major surgical procedures of the colorectal surgeon

Purpose

This study aims to determine whether traditional risk models can accurately predict morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing major surgery by colorectal surgeons within an enhanced recovery program.

Methods

One thousand three hundred eighty patients undergoing surgery performed by colorectal surgeons in a single UK hospital (2008–2013) were included. Six risk models were evaluated: (1) Physiology and Operative Severity Score for the enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM), (2) Portsmouth POSSUM (P-POSSUM), (3) ColoRectal (CR-POSSUM), (4) Elderly POSSUM (E-POSSUM), (5) the Association of Great Britain and Ireland (ACPGBI) score, and (6) modified Estimation of Physiologic Ability and Surgical Stress Score (E-PASS). Model accuracy was assessed by observed to expected (O:E) ratios and area under Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC).

Results

Eleven patients (0.8%) died and 143 patients (10.4%) had a major complication within 30 days of surgery. All models overpredicted mortality and had poor discrimination: POSSUM 8.5% (O:E 0.09, AUC 0.56), P-POSSUM 2.2% (O:E 0.37, AUC 0.56), CR-POSSUM 7.1% (O:E 0.11, AUC 0.61), and E-PASS 3.0% (O:E 0.27, AUC 0.46). ACPGBI overestimated mortality in patients undergoing surgery for cancer 4.4% (O:E?=?0.28, AUC?=?0.41). Predicted morbidity was also overestimated by POSSUM 32.7% (O:E?=?0.32, AUC?=?0.51). E-POSSUM overestimated mortality (3.25%, O:E 0.57 AUC?=?0.54) and morbidity (37.4%, O:E 0.30 AUC?=?0.53) in patients aged ≥?70 years and over.

Conclusion

All models overestimated mortality and morbidity. New models are required to accurately predict the risk of adverse outcome in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery taking into account the reduced physiological and operative insult of laparoscopic surgery and enhanced recovery care.

     

Validation of the CR-POSSUM Risk-Adjusted Scoring System for Major Colorectal Cancer Surgery in a Single Center

Purpose Scoring systems to predict mortality from surgery are important tools used to give information to the operator and patient and in the auditing of clinical practice. This study was designed to validate the recently developed the Colorectal Physiologic and Operative Severity Score for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity (CR-POSSUM) scoring system in a single center for colorectal cancer surgery. We also analyzed whether albumin may have a role in the CR-POSSUM model. Methods We compared this model with two other scoring systems: POSSUM and Portsmouth-POSSUM (P-POSSUM) models. In-hospital mortality was used as the outcome, and Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic was used to determine goodness of fit. Results Complete data were collected prospectively from 304 patients from 1990 to the present. The overall operative mortality was 6.5 percent. Observed to expected ratios were used to compare the scoring systems at a given predicted mortality. The overall observed to expected ratio was 1.25 for CR-POSSUM, 1.59 for P-POSSUM, and 3.37 for POSSUM. The CR-POSSUM model showed a good fit with the data (Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic, 3.86; P = 0.795) and the area under the receiver operator curve was 0.74. After correcting for factors used in the CR-POSSUM, logistic regression showed a significant correlation between albumin and mortality (P = 0.016). Conclusions We have shown that the CR-POSSUM model is an accurate predictor of outcome for major colorectal surgery. The POSSUM and P-POSSUM models over-predicted mortality. Albumin, which is not a factor included in these three systems, may be an important addition in improving the accuracy of the CR-POSSUM model.     

Colorectal stenting as a bridge to surgery reduces morbidity and mortality in left-sided malignant obstruction: a predictive risk score-based comparative study

BackgroundThe Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity model, and its Portsmouth and colorectal modifications are used to predict postoperative mortality and morbidity after colorectal surgery.AimsTo compare stent placement as a bridge to surgery vs. emergency surgical resection in patients with acute left-sided colorectal cancer obstruction using P-POSSUM and CR-POSSUM.MethodsFrom January 2008 to December 2009, the physiological and operative scores, morbidity and mortality predicted by the P-POSSUM and CR-POSSUM scores were collected in all consecutive patients with LCCO who underwent surgical resection directly (Group A) or after stent placement (Group B).ResultsEighty-six patients were enrolled (Group A-41 and Group B-45). The observed 30-day mortality rate was 9.8% (4/41) in Group A and 2.4% (1/45) in Group B. The 30-day morbidity rate was 61% (25/41) in Group A and 29% (13/45) in Group B. The mean values of P-POSSUM morbidity (A = 70.5% vs. B = 34.3%; p = 0.001), P-POSSUM mortality (A = 13.6% vs. B = 2.4%; p = 0.001) and CR-POSSUM mortality (A = 15.1% vs. B = 4.9%; p = 0.001) were significantly lower in the Group B patients than in the Group A patients.ConclusionsBridge to surgery strategy reduces the surgical risks in LCCO, and P-POSSUM and CR-POSSUM scores represent a good tool for comparing the two strategies.     

Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery Modifies Risk Factors for Postoperative Morbidity

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate whether laparoscopic colorectal surgery can modify the risk factors for the occurrence of postoperative morbidity.METHODS A total of 384 consecutive patients with colorectal disease were randomized to laparoscopic resection (n = 190) or open resection (n = 194). On admission, demographics, comorbidity, and nutritional status were recorded. Operative variables, patient outcome, and length of stay were also recorded. Postoperative complications were registered by four members of staff not involved in the study.RESULTS The overall morbidity rate was 27.1 percent, with the rate in the laparoscopic group (18.7 percent) being less than that in the open group (31.5 percent; P = 0.003). Patients who underwent laparoscopic resection had a faster recovery of bowel function (P = 0.0001) and a shorter length of stay (P = 0.0001). In the whole cohort of patients, multivariate analysis identified open surgery (P = 0.003), duration of surgery (P = 0.01), and homologous blood transfusion (P = 0.01) as risk factors for postoperative morbidity. In the open group, blood loss (P = 0.01), homologous blood transfusion (P = 0.01), duration of surgery (P = 0.009), weight loss (P = 0.06), and age (P = 0.08) were related to postoperative morbidity. In the laparoscopic group the only risk factor identified was duration of surgery (P = 0.005).CONCLUSION In the laparoscopic group, both postoperative morbidity and length of stay were significantly reduced and most risk factors for postoperative morbidity disappeared.Read at the meeting of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, June 21 to 26, 2003, New Orleans, Louisiana.     

Enhanced recovery after surgery vs conventional care in emergency colorectal surgery

AIM: To investigate the feasibility and beneficial effects of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programme in the setting of emergency colorectal surgery.METHODS: Between January 2011 and October 2013, patients undergoing emergency resection for obstructing colorectal cancer at the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand using ERAS programme were compared with those using conventional care (1:2 ratio). They were matched for their age, gender, ColoRectal Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and Morbidity score, and type of surgery. Primary outcomes were length of hospital stay and postoperative morbidity. Secondary outcomes included gastrointestinal recovery, 30-d readmission, and time interval from surgery to chemotherapy.RESULTS: Twenty patients treated with ERAS programme were compared with 40 patients receiving conventional postoperative care. Median of hospital stay was shorter in the ERAS group: 5.5 d (range: 3-16) vs 7.5 d (range: 5-25), P = 0.009. The ERAS group had a non-significant reduction in the incidence of postoperative complication (25% vs 48%, P = 0.094). No 30-d mortality and readmission occurred. Patients with ERAS programme had a shorter time to first flatus (1.6 d vs 2.8 d, P < 0.001) and time to resumption of normal diet (3.5 d vs 5.5 d, P = 0.002). Time interval between operation and initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy was significantly shorter in the ERAS group (37 d vs 49 d, P = 0.009).CONCLUSION: The ERAS programme in the setting of emergency colorectal surgery was safe and feasible. It achieved significantly shorter hospitalisation and faster recovery of bowel function.