共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
INTRODUCTION
Teenage pregnancy is associated with poor neonatal outcomes, which may burden the young mothers and their families. The aim of this study was to determine the effect young maternal age and single motherhood has on neonatal outcomes.METHODS
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 267 infants born to mothers aged ≤ 21 years in National University Hospital, Singapore, from January 2011 to December 2012. We compared the maternal demographics and neonatal outcomes of single mothers with those of married mothers. The neonatal outcomes of our study cohort were also compared to the hospital’s birth cohort during the same period.RESULTS
Unsatisfactory antenatal care was more prevalent among the young single mothers than among the young married mothers (odds ratio [OR] 2.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.71–4.92, p < 0.01). The infants of the young single mothers had a lower mean birth weight (p = 0.01), with a significant proportion weighing < 2.5 kg (OR 2.91, 95% CI 1.35–6.37, p < 0.01). Young maternal age was linked to a higher incidence of prematurity (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.18–2.43, p < 0.01), major congenital defects (OR 4.68, 95% CI 2.10–10.13, p < 0.01), and a perinatal mortality of 18.7 per 1,000 births (OR 3.76, 95% CI 1.26–10.32, p = 0.02).CONCLUSION
Young single mothers were more likely to have unsatisfactory antenatal care and lighter infants. Young maternal age was associated with a higher risk of prematurity, major congenital malformations and perinatal mortality. More studies are needed to ascertain the cause of these adverse outcomes. 相似文献2.
Yun Zhi Lee Ruth Qianyi Lee Kyu Kyu Thinn Keah How Poon Eugene Hern Choon Liu 《Singapore medical journal》2015,56(1):40-46
INTRODUCTION
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and postoperative pain are common during the early postoperative period. In addition to these problems, elderly patients risk developing postoperative confusion. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with these problems, and the extent of these problems, in a Singapore inpatient surgical population.METHODS
Over a period of six weeks, we surveyed 707 elective surgical inpatients aged ≥ 18 years who received general anaesthesia and/or regional anaesthesia.RESULTS
The incidence of PONV was 31.8%(95% confidence interval [CI] 34.8–41.9). The incidence increased with increasing Apfel score (p < 0.001) and were higher in female patients (odds ratio [OR] 1.74, 95% CI 1.28–2.36), non-smokers (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.04–2.88), patients with a history of PONV and/or motion sickness (OR 3.45, 95% CI 2.38–5.24), patients who received opioids (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.03–1.88), and patients who received general anaesthesia (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.11–2.79). Moderate to severe pain at rest and with movement were reported in 19.9% and 52.5% of patients, respectively. Among the patients who were predicted to experience mild pain, 29.5% reported moderate pain and 8.1% reported severe pain. The prevalence of postoperative confusion was 3.9% in the geriatric population.CONCLUSION
Higher Apfel scores were associated with a higher risk of PONV and multimodal treatment for postoperative pain management was found to be insufficient. The incidence of postoperative confusion was low in this study. 相似文献3.
Wai Fong Chew Mamot Masyita Pooi Pooi Leong Nem Yun Boo Thaw Zin Kong Bung Choo Sook Fan Yap 《Singapore medical journal》2014,55(2):84-91
INTRODUCTION
Obesity is a major modifiable risk factor associated with most chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity, and its associated risk factors, among apparently healthy Chinese adults in a Malaysian suburban village.METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study conducted among the Chinese residents in Seri Kembangan New Village, Klang Valley, Selangor, Malaysia. Convenience sampling was used for the selection of participants. Body weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, and blood pressure were measured. Fasting venous plasma was drawn for the measurement of fasting glucose level and lipid profile. Data on sociodemographic factors, dietary habits, physical activity, perceived stress level and sleep duration were collected using interviewer-administered, pretested and validated questionnaires.RESULTS
Among the 258 Chinese residents (mean age 41.4 ± 10.0 years) recruited, the prevalence of obesity was 40%. The obese participants had significantly higher mean blood pressure, and triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose levels than the non-obese participants (p < 0.05). The obese participants also had a significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level than the non-obese participants. Logistic regression analysis showed that drinking soy milk (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.447; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.253–0.787; p < 0.05) and the perception that a balanced diet consists mainly of vegetables (adjusted OR 0.440; 95% CI 0.215–0.900; p < 0.05) were associated with a reduced risk of obesity. The risk of obesity was higher in younger participants (adjusted OR 2.714; 95% CI 1.225–6.011; p < 0.05).CONCLUSION
The prevalence of obesity was high among the apparently healthy suburban Chinese. Our findings suggest that soy milk consumption and the perception that a balanced diet consists mainly of vegetables are associated with a lower risk of developing obesity in this population. 相似文献4.
Shariff-Ghazali Sazlina Ismail Mastura Ai Theng Cheong Adam Bujang Mohamad Haniff Jamaiyah Ping Yein Lee Syed Abdul Rahman Syed Alwi Boon How Chew 《Singapore medical journal》2015,56(5):284-290
INTRODUCTION
We assessed the predictors of poor glycaemic control among older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Malaysia.METHODS
This cross-sectional study used the data of 21,336 patients aged ≥ 60 years with T2DM from the Adult Diabetes Control and Management Registry 2008–2009.RESULTS
Predictors of poor glycaemic control were: age groups 60–69 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.66–2.33) and 70–79 years (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.20–1.71); Malay (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.41–1.66) and Indian (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.19–1.46) ethnicities; T2DM durations of 5–10 years (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.35–1.58) and > 10 years (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.59–1.91); the use of oral antidiabetic agents only (OR 5.86, 95% CI 3.32–10.34), insulin only (OR 17.93, 95% CI 9.91–32.43), and oral antidiabetic agents and insulin (OR 29.42, 95% CI 16.47–52.53); and elevated blood pressure (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.20), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.38–1.59) and triglycerides (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.51–1.73). Hypertension (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.64–0.80), hypertension and dyslipidaemia (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.61–0.75), pre-obesity (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82–0.98) and obesity (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.70–0.84) were less likely to be associated with poor glycaemic control.CONCLUSION
Young-old and middle-old age groups (i.e. < 80 years), Malay and Indian ethnicities, longer T2DM duration, the use of pharmacological agents, and elevated blood pressure and lipid levels were associated with poor glycaemic control. The presence of comorbidities, pre-obesity and obesity were less likely to be associated with poor glycaemic control. 相似文献5.
Chandrakant M. Bokade Abhishek D. Madhura Abhay S. Bagul Subhash B. Thakre 《Nigerian medical journal》2015,56(4):287-291
Background:
Mortality due to pneumonia in children is more than any other illness. Limited data is available to predict mortality in children with pneumonia from central India.Aim:
To study predictors of mortality in children aged 1-59 months hospitalised with severe and very severe pneumonia.Materials and Methods:
Present study was observational longitudinal study that was done in a tertiary care hospital of central India. Two hundred and ninety children, aged 1-59 months, presented with severe and very severe pneumonia were enrolled in this study. Outcome and predictors of mortality were studied. Data was analysed with Chi-square test, univariate and multivariate regression analysis.Results:
Out of 270 enrolled study subjects, maximum (108, 37.24%) were belonged to 1-6-months age group. Proportion of mortality was maximum (16, 64.00%) in that age group. Overall case fatality rate was 8.62%. Among significant variables, delayed hospital referral [adjusted odds ratio (OR)-52.09, 95% confidence interval (CI)- 6.74-402.39], incomplete immunisation (OR-12.28, 95% CI-2.15-69.93), severe malnutrition (Z score < −3) (OR-15.51, 95% CI- 2.04-117.83), refusal to feed (OR- 30.57, 95% CI- 2.47-378.26), and hypoglycaemia (OR- 6.98, 95% CI- 1.05-46.30) were found significant independently on multivariate regression analysis. Conclusion: Delayed hospital referral, incomplete immunisation, severe malnutrition, refusal to feed, and hypoglycaemia were independent predictors of mortality in children with severe and very severe pneumonia. 相似文献6.
Florence T. Bourgeois Stephen C. Porter Clarissa Valim Tiffany Jackson E. Francis Cook Kenneth D. Mandl 《J Am Med Inform Assoc》2007,14(6):765-771
Objective
To determine the accuracy of self-reported information from patients and families for use in a disease surveillance system.Design
Patients and their parents presenting to the emergency department (ED) waiting room of an urban, tertiary care children’s hospital were asked to use a Self-Report Tool, which consisted of a questionnaire asking questions related to the subjects’ current illness.Measurements
The sensitivity and specificity of three data sources for assigning patients to disease categories was measured: the ED chief complaint, physician diagnostic coding, and the completed Self-Report Tool. The gold standard metric for comparison was a medical record abstraction.Results
A total of 936 subjects were enrolled. Compared to ED chief complaints, the Self-Report Tool was more than twice as sensitive in identifying respiratory illnesses (Rate ratio [RR]: 2.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.81–2.44), and dermatological problems (RR: 2.23, 95% CI 1.56–3.17), as well as significantly more sensitive in detecting fever (RR: 1.90, 95% CI 1.67–2.17), gastrointestinal problems (RR: 1.10, 95% CI 1.00–1.20), and injuries (RR: 1.16, 95% CI 1.08–1.24). Sensitivities were also significantly higher when the Self-Report Tool performance was compared to diagnostic codes, with a sensitivity rate ratio of 4.42 (95% CI 3.45–5.68) for fever, 1.70 (95% CI 1.49–1.93) for respiratory problems, 1.15 (95% CI 1.04–1.27) for gastrointestinal problems, 2.02 (95% CI 1.42–2.87) for dermatologic problems, and 1.06 (95% CI 1.01–1.11) for injuries.Conclusions
Disease category assignment based on patient-reported information was significantly more sensitive in correctly identifying a disease category than data currently used by national and regional disease surveillance systems. 相似文献7.
Rajib Saha Indranil Saha Aditya Prasad Sarkar Dilip Kumar Das Raghunath Misra Krishnadas Bhattacharya Rabindra Nath Roy Abantika Bhattacharya 《Singapore medical journal》2014,55(2):92-98
INTRODUCTION
The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has led to the reduction of mortality and the improvement of the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The present study was conducted to determine the pattern of adherence to HAART among PLWHA, and to assess the factor(s) affecting nonadherence, if any.METHODS
This study was a hospital-based analytical, cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted between July and October 2011. A total of 370 adult HIV-positive patients registered in the Antiretroviral Therapy Centre of Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal, India, were included. Nonadherence was defined as missing at least a single dose of medicine within the last four days. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 19.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA).RESULTS
A total of 87.6% of patients were found to be adherent to HAART. Principal causes of nonadherence were forgetting to take medicine (70.2%), being away from home (65.2%), and busyness with other things (64.7%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that nonadherence was significantly associated with a positive family history of HIV/AIDS (odds ratio [OR] 16; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2–114.3; p = 0.01), occurrence of side effects with HAART (OR 9.81; 95% CI 1.9–51.7; p = 0.01) and employment (OR 5.93; 95% CI 1.5–23.2; p = 0.01).CONCLUSION
Although overall adherence was high, the factors that affect nonadherence can be addressed with proper counselling and motivation of patients and their family members. Adherence to HAART could delay the progression of this lethal disease and minimise the risk of developing drug resistance. 相似文献8.
INTRODUCTION
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder associated with multisystemic organ involvement. The STOP-BANG questionnaire is a concise, validated questionnaire that is used to screen for OSA. This study aimed to establish the use of the STOP-BANG questionnaire for perioperative patient risk stratification.METHODS
In this retrospective cohort study, we extracted the demographic, medical and perioperative outcome data of all patients who underwent elective surgery, excluding ophthalmic surgeries, from January to December 2011. Multivariate regression analysis was used to predict independent risk factors for intraoperative and early postoperative adverse events.RESULTS
Of the 5,432 patients analysed, 7.4% had unexpected intraoperative and early postoperative adverse events. We found that the risk of unexpected intraoperative and early postoperative adverse events was greater in patients with STOP-BANG scores ≥ 3 compared to those with a STOP-BANG score of 0 (score 3: odds ratio [OR] 3.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1–6.3, p < 0.001; score 4: OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.8–6.5, p < 0.001; score 5: OR 6.4, 95% CI 2.7–15.0, p < 0.001; score ≥ 6: OR 5.6, 95% CI 2.1–15.4, p < 0.001). Patients with STOP-BANG scores ≥ 5 had a fivefold increased risk of unexpected intraoperative and early postoperative adverse events, while patients with STOP-BANG scores ≥ 3 had a ‘one in four’ chance of having an adverse event. Other independent predictors included older age (p < 0.001), American Society of Anesthesiologists class ≥ 2 (p < 0.003) and uncontrolled hypertension (p = 0.028).CONCLUSION
STOP-BANG score may be used as a preoperative risk stratification tool to predict the risk of intraoperative and early postoperative adverse events. 相似文献9.
INTRODUCTION
Microalbuminuria is an early sign of kidney damage. The prevalence of microalbuminuria in Singapore has been reported to be 36.0%–48.5%. However, the prevalence of microalbuminuria reported in these studies was determined with one urine sample using a qualitative urine test. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of micro- and macroalbuminuria using a more stringent criterion of two positive quantitative urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) tests.METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were followed up at a primary care clinic in Singapore. Patients were diagnosed to have albuminuria if they had two positive ACR tests within a seven-month period.RESULTS
A total of 786 patients with T2DM met the study’s inclusion criteria. 55.7% were already on an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and/or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). The prevalence rates of micro- and macroalbuminuria were 14.2% and 5.7%, respectively. Patients with albuminuria were more likely to have hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 3.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.55–7.80). Diabetics with poorer diabetic control (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.26–2.79), and higher systolic (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.14–2.49) and diastolic (OR 1.96, 95% CI, 1.20 to 3.22) blood pressures were more likely to have albuminuria.CONCLUSION
In the present study, the prevalence of microalbuminuria is significantly lower than that previously reported in Singapore. The presence of hypertension, poor diabetic control and suboptimal blood pressure control are possible risk factors for albuminuria in patients with T2DM. 相似文献10.
Mun Chieng Tan Ooi Chuan Ng Teck Wee Wong Abdul Rahman Hejar Joseph Anthony Harri Sintonen 《Singapore medical journal》2014,55(4):209-216
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this study was to evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of Malaysian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who have cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as identify the determinants of HRQoL among this cohort of patients.METHODS
This study was an analytical cross-sectional study involving 313 patients aged 30–78 years (150 men, 163 women; mean age 55.7 ± 9.2 years) who were diagnosed with T2DM (mean duration of T2DM 10.1 ± 8.1 years) at two tertiary Malaysian government hospitals. The patients’ sociodemographic, lifestyle, clinical and laboratory data were collected prospectively from medical records and via face-to-face interviews. HRQoL was assessed using the 15D instrument – a generic, 15-dimensional and standardised measure of HRQoL that can be used as both a profile and a single index score measure.RESULTS
T2DM patients with CVD were found to have significantly lower 15D HRQoL scores than their non-CVD counterparts (p < 0.001). The HRQoL of T2DM patients with CVD was significantly lower than those without CVD (p < 0.05) in all of the 15 dimensions of the 15D instrument. Multinomial logistic regression analysis using backward stepwise method revealed a significant association between CVD and impaired HRQoL (odds ratio [OR] 11.746, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.898–28.167). Age (OR 1.095, 95% CI 1.054–1.137), duration of T2DM (OR 1.085, 95% CI 1.032–1.140), ethnicity (OR 0.411, 95% CI 0.187–0.903), body mass index (OR 1.074, 95% CI 1.006–1.148), and physical activity level (OR 3.506, 95% CI 1.415–8.689) were also significant predictors of HRQoL.CONCLUSION
In T2DM patients, the presence of CVD was significantly associated with a lower HRQoL. Therefore, the importance of tertiary prevention to minimise the potential deterioration of the HRQoL of T2DM patients with CVD should be highly emphasised. 相似文献11.
INTRODUCTION
This case-control study aimed to determine whether catheter use was significantly associated with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) colonisation and/or sepsis in neonates.METHODS
Weekly swabs of the nose, umbilicus, rectum, wounds, eye discharge and intravenous catheter tips (after removal) of infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Malaysia, were cultured. CoNS sepsis was diagnosed if pure growth of CoNS was cultured from the peripheral blood specimen of symptomatic infants. For each infant with CoNS colonisation or sepsis, a control infant was retrospectively and randomly selected from unaffected infants in the ward. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine whether catheter use was a significant risk factor.RESULTS
CoNS colonisation was detected in 113 (8.7%) infants. CoNS sepsis was found in 12 (10.6%) infants with CoNS colonisation and 7 (0.6%) infants without CoNS colonisation. Multivariate analysis showed that the following were significantly associated with CoNS colonisation: conjunctivitis (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 8.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9–34.8, p = 0.005); central venous catheters (adjusted OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.9–17.8, p = 0.002); and nasopharyngeal and/or oral suctioning more than twice in the 48 hours before positive culture (adjusted OR 7.3, 95% CI 3.3–16.2, p < 0.001). Exposure to frequent nasopharyngeal and/or oral suctioning (adjusted OR 20.8, 95% CI 3.5–125.3, p = 0.001) was the only significant factor associated with CoNS sepsis.CONCLUSION
Infants requiring more than two nasopharyngeal and/or oral suctions in the previous 48 hours were found to have a higher risk of developing CoNS colonisation and sepsis. 相似文献12.
Background:
The effect of endometriosis on obstetric outcomes is still ambiguous. The aim of our study was to determine the association between endometriosis and adverse obstetric outcomes in a cohort of Chinese women.Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was undertaken to compare obstetric outcomes between 249 women with endometriosis and 249 women without endometriosis. All women were nulliparous and achieved singleton pregnancies naturally. Women with endometriosis were diagnosed during surgery and confirmed histologically. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of measures of obstetric outcomes were calculated.Results:
Women with endometriosis showed significantly increased risks of preterm labor (adjusted OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.05–5.57), placenta previa (adjusted OR, 4.51; 95% CI, 1.23–16.50), and cesarean section (adjusted OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.31–2.84). No significant differences were observed in the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension, fetal growth restriction, small for gestational age, placental abruption, or luteal support in the first trimester between the two groups.Conclusions:
Women with endometriosis are at a higher risk of preterm labor, placenta previa, and cesarean section during pregnancy and need additional care. 相似文献13.
14.
Seyed Mostafa Shiryazdi Zahra Ghodratipour Seyed Ali Shiryazdi Sara Yassini Mohaddeseh Aboueian-Jahromi Hossien Fallahzadeh Farimah Shamsi 《Nigerian medical journal》2015,56(6):416-419
Background:
It has been suggested that Vitamin D and calcium have protective effects against breast cancer. The results about breast cancer and serum Vitamin D and calcium levels are still controversial, indefinite, and insufficient to determine the amount of nutritional needs. Thus, we investigated the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25-OH-D) and calcium on the ratio of breast cancer at diagnosis time.Materials and Methods:
We carried out a hospital-based cross-sectional study in a population of Iran. It comprised 57 breast cancer cases, who were newly diagnosed, and 85 controls in 2013. The serum 25-OH-D and calcium levels were measured.Results:
There was not any significant association between 25-OH-D and breast cancer ratio. Odds ratio (OR) comparing the highest quartile to the lowest quartile was 1.03(95% confidence interval[CI] 0.33–3.22, P-trend 0.95). Having sufficient (>75 nmol/L) serum 25-OH-D levels compared to insufficient serum 25-OH-D levels was not associated with a significantly decreased ratio of breast cancer (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.23–1.29, P = 0.17). Furthermore, an association between calcium and breast cancer did not get statistical significance (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.17–1.49, P-trend 0.31). The joint effect was negative interaction.Conclusion:
Vitamin D and calcium do not act on decreasing ratio of breast cancer. Decreasing ratio of breast cancer in relation to serum calcium and Vitamin D level at diagnosis time needs more assessments. 相似文献15.
Zhi Xu Ng Wei Ren Eugene Yang Edwin Seet Kiok Miang Koh Ke Jia Teo Shiong Wen Low Ning Chou Tseng Tsai Yeo N Venketasubramanian 《Singapore medical journal》2015,56(3):145-149
INTRODUCTION
Cerebellar infarcts and haemorrhages are relatively uncommon, accounting for less than 10% of all strokes. The objective of the present study was to quantify and compare the outcomes of patients with cerebellar infarct and those of patients with cerebellar haemorrhage, as well as to identify the risk factors that predict poor outcome in patients with cerebellar stroke.METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of consecutive patients admitted to National University Hospital, Singapore, between 2004 and 2006, within one week of cerebellar stroke onset. Baseline data included demographics, concomitant comorbidities, and the presence or absence of brainstem compression and hydrocephalus (on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging). The Glasgow Outcome Scale and modified Rankin Score were used to assess outcome at discharge and at six months after discharge.RESULTS
A total of 79 patients with cerebellar stroke were admitted during the study period. Of these 79 patients, 17.7% died and 31.6% had poor outcomes at six months after discharge. Patients with cerebellar haemorrhage were found to be more likely to have poor outcomes as compared to patients with cerebellar infarct, both at discharge (odds ratio [OR] 4.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–14.1) and at six months after discharge (OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.6–17.2). When compared to small lesions (< 5 cm3), lesions > 20 cm3 were significantly associated with poorer outcomes and the development of hydrocephalus and brainstem compression.CONCLUSION
Cerebellar strokes are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The outcomes of patients with cerebellar haemorrhage are more likely to be worse than those of patients with cerebellar infarct. 相似文献16.
Background
Non-attendance at medical appointments is associated with increased patient morbidity and is a significant drain on health service resources. Australian studies have focused on secondary healthcare settings, screening, and interventions to reduce non-attendance.Aims
To explore factors associated with non-attendance in a regional primary care setting.Method
A retrospective cohort of all patients with a scheduled appointment between October 2011 and October 2013 at a regional, primary care clinic providing medical and allied health services in a region of New South Wales (NSW) serving a large Aboriginal population (10.7 per cent). Using multivariate logistic regression, non-attendance was regressed on a range of covariates, including number of appointments per person, gender and ethnicity, and day of the week.Results
The overall proportion of missed appointments was 7.6 per cent. Risk factors for non-attendance were day of the week [Mondays (8.1 per cent), Fridays (8.0 per cent), and Thursdays (7.9 per cent), (χ2(4)= 20.208, p<0.0005], having fewer scheduled appointments [≤5 appointments resulted in 19.1 per cent greater risk of failure to attend (FTA) (95% CI: 11–28%)]; Aboriginality (OR=4.022, 95% CI: 3.263, 4.956), and female gender (OR=1.077; 95% CI 1.024, 1.132). There was a trend toward an interaction between gender and Aboriginality, with Aboriginal females being the group most likely to miss appointments (OR=1.272, 95% CI: 0.949, 1.705).Conclusion
This is the largest study of non-attendance in an Australian primary healthcare setting. While not a typical setting, the study had the advantage of a large, mixed population. The suggested high rates of non-attendance by Aboriginal females have potentially important policy implications. 相似文献17.
Background
The study of illnesses causing absence of workers from work in industries is a practical method to study the health status of industrial workers and to identify occupational health hazards. The iron and steel industries are particularly hazardous places of work. Published data from India on health status of iron and steel workers is limited, therefore this study was undertaken to investigate the sickness absenteeism, morbidity and workplace injuries among this population.Method
Workers were selected using stratified random sampling. A structured pre-tested interview schedule was used to collect the data. A p value of < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance.Results
From a total of 2525 workers, 353 (mean age 55.1 yrs, male 69.4%) participated in the study. The overall proportion of sickness absenteeism was 66.9% (95% CI: 0.62 – 0.71). Overall 16.4 days were lost per worker per year (male = 16.5 & female = 16.2) due to sickness absence. A blue collar worker lost 21.5 days compared to 11.9 days by a white collar worker (p > 0.01). Among workers, health ailments related to the musculoskeletal system (31.4%), gastrointestinal system (25.8%), hypertension (24.4%), respiratory system (18.1%) and other minor ailments (19.3%) were found to be high.Conclusion
Sickness absenteeism is significantly higher among iron and steel workers when compared to other occupations in India. Blue collar workers and shift workers loose higher number of days due to sickness absence, and they face problems related to musculoskeletal system, gastrointestinal system and hypertension in higher proportions compared to their counterparts. Women experienced hypertension as the common health problem and higher proportions of injuries outside the work environment. 相似文献18.
Wei Zhou Shuxiang Zhang Yingchun Hu Jianrong Na Na Wang Xuan Ma Lizhi Yuan Fanzhen Meng 《European journal of medical research》2015,20(1)
Background
Several studies have indicated an association between tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) or interleukin (IL)-6 gene polymorphisms and lung cancer risk. However, the conclusions remain controversial.Methods
An English literature screening about case-control trials with regard to TNF-α (-308G/A) or IL-6 (174G/C) polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility was performed on PubMed, EMBASE, and EBSCO until November 2012. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using STATA 11.0. Sensitivity analysis was performed by sequential omission of individual studies. Publication bias was evaluated by Egger’s linear regression test and funnel plots.Results
Eight eligible studies, including 1,690 patients and 1,974 controls, were identified in this meta-analysis. Compared with the control, no significant association was revealed between TNF-α-308G/A (GG + GC vs. CC: OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.73 to 1.64; GG vs. GC + CC: OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.81 to 1.27; GC vs. CC: OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.73 to 1.77; GG vs. CC: OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.80 to 1.36; G vs. C: OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.90 to 1.18) or IL-6 174G/C (GG + GC vs. CC: OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.73 to 1.64; GG vs. GC + CC: OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.81 to 1.27; GC vs. CC: OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.73 to 1.77; GG vs. CC: OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.80 to 1.36; G vs. C: OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.90 to 1.18) and lung cancer risk. The pooled OR remained unchanged after removing the maximum-weight study and no publication bias was observed.Conclusions
The study raises the possibility of no correlation between the polymorphisms of the two genes and lung cancer susceptibility. However, further researches with large-sample or subgroup analyses are necessary to validate the conclusions. 相似文献19.
Tong-Tong Wang Yong-Jie Chen Lu-Lu Sun Si-Jia Zhang Zhong-Yu Zhou Hong Qiao 《中华医学杂志(英文版)》2015,128(4):533-539
Background:
Polymorphisms of microRNA (miRNA), as a novel mechanism, are closely associated with disease states by interfering with miRNA function. Direct correlations have been identified between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA, but the effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) onset among Chinese population remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify correlations between common SNPs in miR-27a, miR-146a, and miR-124a with T2DM among a Chinese population, as well as to explore diabetic pathological mechanisms and the impact of environmental factors.Methods:
SNPscan technology was used to genotype 995 patients newly diagnosed with T2DM and 967 controls. Logistic regression analysis was performed to compare mutation frequencies between cases and controls.Results:
We found no significant correlations between all genotypes of these miRNAs and T2DM in our research. However, stratification analysis identified a lower risk of T2DM associated with the rs531564GC genotype among younger subjects (age < 45 years) (adjusted P = 0.043; odds ratio [OR] = 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.54–0.99). Furthermore, the rs895819CC genotype in overweight people (24 ≤ body mass index [BMI] < 28) was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM (adjusted P = 0.042; OR = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.02–2.94), while the rs2910164 genotype in miR-146a was not significantly correlated with T2DM. The genetic risk score was calculated based on the number of risk alleles of the three SNPs and was found to be correlated to total cholesterol (adjusted P = 0.021).Conclusions:
The rs531564GC genotype acted as a protective factor to decrease the risk of T2DM in younger subjects (age < 45 years), while the presence of the rs895819CC genotype increased the risk of illness among overweight subjects (24 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m2). The presence of SNPs in miRNA might promote disease by affecting miRNA expression and gene function. Thus, miRNA mimics or inhibitors that directly regulate miRNA expression present novel and promising therapeutic targets. 相似文献20.