抗核小体抗体诊断系统性红斑狼疮的价值

280份血清,取自健康体检者50例，类风湿关节炎（RA）74例，系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）106例．其他结缔组织病50例．分别检测其抗核抗体（ANA），抗双链DNA（dsDNA），抗史密斯（Sm），抗组蛋白（His）及抗核小体抗体（AnuA）抗体。结果5种抗体诊断SLE的敏感性和特异性为；ANA96．2%、31％，AnuA80．1％、93％，dsDNA56．6%、92％，Sm49．7％、90％，His54．7％、85%。ANA、AnuA敏感性明显高于其他3种抗体（P〈0．001）．AnuA、dsDNA、HiS、Sm的特异性明显高于ANA（P〈0．001）。AnuA是SLE的又一种特异性抗体，其与ANA、dsDNA抗体及Sm抗体、His抗体联合检测对SLE的诊断有重要意义。     

抗核小体抗体对系统性红斑狼疮的诊断价值及临床意义

目的评价抗核小体抗体(AnuA)对系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)诊断的敏感性和特异性。方法选取2004-01—2004-12天津市第一中心医院风湿免疫科住院患者及门诊健康体检者,用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测64例SLE患者、46例疾病对照组和30例正常对照组血清中的AnuA。结果64例SLE患者血清AnuA阳性率为73·44%,46例疾病对照组为13·04%,正常对照组全部为阴性;AnuA对SLE诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为73·44%、88·68%。AnuA在狼疮肾炎中的阳性率比在非狼疮肾炎中高(χ2=5·246,P=0·022)。在抗dsDNA抗体、抗Sm抗体、抗组蛋白抗体(AHA)阴性的SLE患者中AnuA阳性率分别为60·71%、69·57%、64·10%。结论AnuA在SLE血清中水平明显增高,AnuA测定在SLE诊断和治疗中有重要意义,特别对抗dsDNA抗体、抗Sm抗体、抗组蛋白抗体阴性的SLE的诊断有重要意义。     

三种自身抗体联合检测对狼疮疾病活动和狼疮肾炎的价值

目的探讨联合检测抗C1q抗体、抗核小体抗体(AnuA)和抗dsDNA抗体对狼疮活动和狼疮肾炎(LN)的价值。方法 90例系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)分为疾病活动和疾病稳定组、LN和非LN组, 酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清抗C1q抗体和AnuA水平,间接免疫荧光法比较三抗体单个和联合对疾病活动和LN的价值。结果抗C1q抗体、AnuA和抗dsDNA抗体阳性对疾病活动的敏感性分别为 71．4％、75．0％和66．1％,特异性分别为75．5％、70．6％和88．2％;抗dsDNA抗体阴性患者分别有36．7％抗 C1q抗体阳性和26．5％AnuA阳性。疾病活动组三抗体阳性率和抗体水平显著高于疾病稳定组;三抗体与 SLE疾病活动指数(SLEDAI)、血沉(ESR)、IgG、球蛋白水平显著正相关,与C3、C4及白蛋白水平显著负相关。LN组三抗体水平显著高于非LN组。结论三抗体都是狼疮疾病活动的指标,都与LN有关,联合检测可以提高疾病活动检出率。     

儿童系统性红斑狼疮患者血清抗核小体抗体检测

目的探讨抗核小体抗体(anti-nucleosome antibodies,AnuA)对儿童系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)诊断的意义,并与成人SLE进行比较。方法选取87例儿童SLE患者,30例非SLE儿童疾病对照组(包括幼年类风湿关节炎、脊柱关节病、皮肌炎、干燥综合征和血管炎),122例成人SLE和55例其他结缔组织病患者,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测血清AnuA。结果 87例儿童SLE中67例AnuA阳性,30例儿童疾病对照组中2例AnuA阳性,AnuA对儿童SLE诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为77.01%和93.33%,ROC曲线下面积为0.852;阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为97.10%和58.33%。AnuA对成人SLE患者诊断的敏感度和特异度分别为68.85%和90.91%。AnuA对儿童SLE诊断的敏感度高于成人SLE,对儿童SLE诊断的特异度与成人比较无明显差异(P0.05)。在抗dsDNA抗体和抗Sm抗体阴性的儿童SLE患者中AnuA的阳性率分别为56.52%(26/46)和76.71%(56/73)。结论 AnuA对儿童SLE的诊断具有较高的敏感度和特异度,有助于抗dsDNA抗体和抗Sm抗体阴性儿童SLE的诊断。     

抗核小体抗体、抗双链DNA抗体和抗超敏双链DNA抗体与系统性红斑狼疮的相关性研究

目的 通过检测系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者血清中抗核小体抗体(AnuA)、抗双链DNA (dsDNA)抗体和抗超敏双链DNA (dsDNA-NcX)抗体的水平,分析其在SLE患者中的敏感性、特异性及与其他实验室指标的相关性.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法分别检测91例SLE患者、45例非SLE疾病对照和46例健康对照组血清中AnuA、抗dsDNA抗体和抗dsDNA-NcX抗体的水平,比较3种抗体对SLE诊断的敏感性和特异性,评价其与其他实验室指标的关系.结果 SLE患者AnuA、抗dsDNA抗体和抗dsDNA-NcX抗体的阳性率分别为49.45％、56.04％和61.54％;特异性分别为94.51％、94.51％和100.00％.AnuA、抗dsDNA抗体和抗dsDNA-NcX抗体均与SLEDAI评分呈正相关(r=0.50,P=0.00;r =0.49,P=0.00;r =0.42,P=0.00).ANA的滴度与AnuA的浓度呈正相关(r=0.30,P=0.00),与抗dsDNA抗体的滴度无相关性(r=0.19,P=0.08),与抗dsDNA-NcX抗体的浓度呈正相关(r=0.50,P=0.00).红细胞沉降率在抗dsDNA-NcX抗体、抗dsDNA抗体阴性和阳性组间比较差异无统计学意义(x2=0.76,P=0.38;x2=0.13,P=0.18),而在AnuA阴性与阳性组间比较差异有统计学意义(x2 =20.31,P=0.00).CRP及24小时尿蛋白定量在三者阴性与阳性组间比较差异无统计学意义.补体C3、C4在AnuA、抗dsDNA抗体和抗dsDNA-NcX抗体的阴性与阳性组间比较差异有统计学意义(x2=9.84,P=0.00;x2=16.53,P=0.00;x2 =10.33,P=0.00;x2 =11.61,P=0.00;x2 =12.69,P=0.00;x2=8.77,P=0.00).胱抑素在抗dsDNA抗体和AnuA的阴性与阳性组间比较差异无统计学意义,而在抗dsDNA-NcX抗体阴性与阳性组间比较差异有统计学意义(x2 =4.04,P=0.04).结论 抗dsDNA-NcX抗体可作为SLE的特异性抗体之一,其敏感性和特异性均高于抗dsDNA抗体和AnuA,三者均与SLE的疾病活动相关,联合检测有助于评估病情.     

抗细胞膜DNA抗体检测方法的建立及对系统性红斑狼疮诊断价值的临床应用研究

目的 应用间接免疫荧光法(IIF)检测抗细胞膜DNA(cmDNA)抗体,探讨抗cmDNA抗体对系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的诊断价值.比较以人B淋巴细胞株Raji、人早幼粒白血病细胞株HL60为底物,抗cmDNA抗体在SLE中的检测效果.方法 选取306例SLE患者,192例非SLE疾病对照组,包括脊柱关节病(SPA) 52例,类风湿关节炎(RA) 70例,原发干燥综合征(pSS) 30例,其他结缔组织病(CTD)40例.50名健康志愿者作为对照组.采用IIF法观察培养的人B淋巴细胞株Raji、人早幼粒白血病细胞株HL60的细胞膜的荧光图形;用IIF法检测抗核抗体、抗双链DNA(dsDNA)抗体;联合应用免疫双扩散法和蛋白印迹法检测抗Sm抗体,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法测定抗核小体抗体(AnuA).配对资料比较用McNemarX2检验,相关性分析采用Spearman相关及Logistic回归分析.结果以Raji及HL60 2种细胞株为底物检测SLE患者抗cmDNA抗体,敏感性分别为72.5％、76.1％,特异性分别为91.7％、86.8％,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).抗cmDNA抗体的敏感性明显高于抗Sm抗体及抗dsDNA抗体,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);特异性与抗dsDNA抗体相似(P＞0.05),日低于抗Sm抗体及AnuA(P＜0.01).抗cmDNA抗体分别与抗dsDNA抗体、抗Sm抗体及AnuA联合检测在SLE诊断中的敏感性均明显高于上述自身抗体单独检测,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).抗cmDNA抗体与SLE患者的黏膜溃疡之间有相关性(OR=2.343,P=0.029).抗cmDNA抗体与红细胞沉降率(ESR)有相关性(OR=1.031,P=0.012).抗cmDNA抗体与SLE疾病活动指数(SLEDAI)评分无相关性(r=0.070,P=0.600).本文研究还证实Raji细胞株较HL60细胞株更易复苏、荧光图形亮度更强,表达效果更好.结论 抗cmDNA抗体对SLE诊断的敏感性高,特异性强,可能成为SLE诊断的相对特异性抗体之一.抗cmDNA抗体与抗dsDNA抗体、抗Sm抗体及AnuA联合检测可提高对SLE诊断的敏感性.选择Raji细胞株为底物检测抗cmDNA抗体较HL60细胞株更有优势.     

自身抗体联合检测在系统性红斑狼疮诊断中的意义

目的研究抗细胞膜DNA(cmDNA)抗体、抗核小体抗体(AnuA)、抗脱氧核糖核蛋白(DNP)抗体及抗双链DNA(dsDNA)抗体等特异性抗体在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)诊断中的意义,并与抗核抗体(ANA)的敏感性和特异性进行比较。了解特异性自身抗体联合检测在SLE的诊断及临床应用中的意义。方法测定了125例SLE及118例疾病对照组(包括原发性干燥综合征、多发肌炎、系统性硬化症、未分化结缔组织病、类风湿关节炎、骨关节炎、强直性脊柱炎及银屑病关节炎)患者血清中的自身抗体。利用间接免疫荧光法测定抗cmDNA抗体和ANA,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定AnuA、乳凝法检测抗DNP抗体、金标法测定抗dsDNA抗体。结果AnuA、抗cmDNA抗体、抗DNP抗体、抗dsDNA抗体和ANA在SLE患者中的阳性率分别为68%、38.4%、51.2%、49.6%和95.2%,均明显高于疾病对照组(3.4%、4.2%、1.7%、0.8%和25.4%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。ANA与AnuA的敏感性显著高于其他三种抗体,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);AnuA、抗cmDNA抗体、抗DNP抗体、抗dsDNA抗体和ANA的特异性分别为95.8%、96.6%、98.3%、99.2%和74.6%;AnuA在抗DNP抗体、抗dsDNA抗体阴性的SLE中的阳性率明显高于其他抗体(P<0.05);自身抗体的联合检测可提高SLE诊断的敏感性,但特异性无明显改变。结论抗cmDNA抗     

系统性红斑狼疮患者血清5种抗细胞核及细胞浆抗体检测及其意义

采用间接免疫荧光法检测60例系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、30例其他结缔组织病及30例正常对照者血清中的抗核抗体(ANA)水平,用酶联免疫印记法检测抗Sm抗体、抗dsDNA抗体、抗核小体抗体(AnuA)、抗组蛋白抗体(AHA)和抗核糖体P蛋白抗体(APPA).发现SLE组抗Sm抗体、抗dsDNA抗体、AnuA、AHA及APPA的阳性率明显高于病例对照组及正常对照组;SLE组ANA的阳性率为98%,且滴度83.5%≥1:320,更有38.3%≥1:10 000.认为联合检测多种抗体可以避免因单项检测出现的漏诊,提高了对SLE诊断的敏感性和诊断效率.     

抗核小体抗体对儿童系统性红斑狼疮诊断价值及与疾病活动度的相关性研究

目的 评价抗核小体抗体(AnuA)单独及与抗核抗体、抗Sm抗体和抗双链DNA(dsDNA)抗体联合检测对儿童系统性红斑狼疮(JSLE)的诊断价值,探讨AnuA与临床特点的相关性.方法 选取80例JSLE患者,56例非SLE的儿童疾病对照组,包括结缔组织病、白塞病、脊柱关节病、类风湿关节炎、皮肌炎、硬皮病,并留血清待检.采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清AnuA,间接免疫荧光法检测抗核抗体;联合ELISA法和间接免疫荧光法检测抗dsDNA抗体,其中任一种检测方法结果阳性即判为阳性;免疫印迹法检测抗Sm抗体,并记录JSLE患者的临床特点.收集同期临床资料及相关实验室检查结果,进行SLE疾病活动指数(SLEDAI)评分,分析JSLE患者AnuA抗体与上述指标的相关性.结果 AnuA对JSLE诊断的敏感度为76.25％,特异度为98.21％.AnuA与抗dsDNA抗体及抗Sm抗体联合检测的敏感度分别为83.05％、86.44％,特异度96.43％、98.21％,敏感度明显高于二者单项检测的敏感度,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).AnuA与红细胞、血红蛋白呈负相关(r值分别为-0.499、-0.503,P值分别为0.000、0.000),与红细胞沉降率(ESR)、血尿、低补体、抗dsDNA抗体呈正相关(r值分别为0.388、0.227、0.303、0.531,P值分别为0.000、0.042、0.006、0.000),与SLEDAI评分呈正相关(r=0.303,P=0.000).结论 AunA对JSLE的诊断具有较高的敏感度和特异度,与抗dsDNA抗体和抗Sm抗体联合检测可以提高诊断的敏感度.AunA不仅可以作为JSLE的诊断指标,还可以评估疾病活动性,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

抗核小体抗体在系统性红斑狼疮诊断中的意义

目的探讨抗核小体抗体(AnuA)在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)诊断中的敏感性、特异性及其与疾病活动的相关性。方法采用ELISA检测SLE组、疾病对照组、正常对照组血清中的AnuA,将AnuA与疾病活动度(以SLEDAI评分)、抗ds-DNA抗体、抗Sm抗体等指标进行比较。结果AnuA在SLE中的阳性率高于作为SLE诊断标准中的抗ds-DNA抗体及抗Sm抗体,而抗ds-DNA抗体及抗Sm抗体阴性患者的AnuA阳性率仍可达到32.2%和57.4%。结论AnuA对SLE诊断的敏感性高、特异性强,且与病情活动呈正相关,可作为诊断和反映SLE病情活动的新指标。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.