TNF在肾移植患者体内的动态变化及其临床意义

本文检测了４０例肾移植患者血清及尿液中ＴＮＦ的水平。结果发现血清标本中ＴＮＦ，４５例正常人对照组为０．６５±０．１０ｎｇ／Ｌ，３０例术后稳定组为０．９４±０．２１ｎｇ／Ｌ，７例发生急性排斥反应组为１．０３±０．２６ｎｇ／Ｌ。尿液中ＴＮＦ术后稳定组为０．４６±０．２９ｎｇ／Ｌ，排斥组为０．４４±０．３６ｎｇ／Ｌ。肾移植术后２ｄ血清及尿液ＴＮＦ水平开始增高，以后逐渐下降。连续动态检测对了解患者免疫状态、判断手术预后将有重要意义。     

病毒性肝炎患者IL—1,IL—6和INFa活性的检测

检测了甲，乙型病毒性肝炎患者外周血单个核细胞ＩＬ－１、ＩＬ－６和ＴＮＦａ的诱生活性及其血清中活性。结果表明，乙型慢性活动性肝炎、乙型肝炎后肝硬化和乙型生型肝炎ＰＢＭＣｓ经脂多糖诱导后，ＩＬ－１活性分别为３５３１．１±８８２．７Ｕ／ｍｌ，２７６９．７±７３０．４±Ｕ／ｍｌ和５３２９．３±１０８９．３Ｕ／ｍｌ，高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）或＜０．０１）；ＩＬ－６诱生活性分别为３８．９０±１４．７５Ｕ     

血浆异常凝血酶原的放射免疫测定

本文根据凝血酶原抗体与异常凝血酶原有１００％交叉反应的特点，用凝血酶原免疫家兔获得抗体，建立了血浆异常凝血酶原的放射免疫测定。标准曲线范围为７．８～１００ｎｇ／ｍｌ，最低检测值为７．８ｎｇ／ｍｌ；平均回收率为１００．４％，批内和批间ＣＶ分别为８．３５％和７．７６％。３９名健康人均值为１５４．４９±３３．５２ｎｇ／ｍｌ，１８例原发性肝癌测定值４０６．７８±１５７．４５ｎｇ／ｍｌ．本法简便，对原发性肝癌检测阳性率达７８．０％，高于目前常规ＡＦＰ测定的阳性率。     

大鼠烧伤休克时血浆TNF含量和微循环的变化

ＳＤ大鼠分为正常对照组、烧伤给盐水组和烧伤给虎杖组。复制大鼠烧伤休克模型，观察大鼠烧伤休克早期血浆ＴＮＦ含量的变化和微循环的改变，并且观察了虎杖４号对上述改变的影响。显微电视放大４０００倍条件下观察微循环。用Ｌ９２９细胞株生物法测定血浆ＴＮＦ含量并观察动物的肺病理形态学改变。结果表明，大鼠血浆ＴＮＦ含量在烧伤后１ｈ即有明显的升高，烧伤后４．５ｈ达高蜂（６．３±０．５ｎｇ／ｍｌ），比烧伤前（０．３±０．１ｎｇ／ｍｌ）增高２０倍，而此时细静脉中白细胞附壁粘着数亦增加７倍；开放灌流的毛细血管数减少６０％；肺部有明显的白细胞聚集及肺损伤。烧伤给虎杖治疗组动物在烧伤４．５ｈ时，其ＴＮＦ含量为３．１±０．５ｎｇ／ｍｌ，比烧伤给盐水组下降了５０％，白细胞附壁数亦减少８０％（与盐水组比较），开放灌流的毛细血管数接近正常，肺部白细胞的聚集及肺损伤程度明显减轻。本研究提示烧伤后血浆ＴＮＦ的升高参与了白细胞粘着和微循环紊乱的发生，而虎杖４号对其有明显抑制作用。     

乙型肝炎,肝癌患者中肿癌坏死因子的检测

以ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测３０例健康人和１０７例乙型肝炎和肝癌病人的血浆肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）结果显示：健康人、急肝、慢迁肝、慢活肝、肝硬化和肝癌病人的ＴＮＦ分别为４．２７±２．１、２０．３±１１．２、７．７３±６．１７、３６．１±２９．５、８９．６±３０．４和３０．８±２３．１ｎｇ／ｍｌ，与健康人比较，除慢迁肝外，都有非常显著差异。慢迁肝、慢活肝和肝硬化病人的ＴＮＦ依次升高，在统计学上有显著差异。ＴＮＦ     

不同丝裂原和治疗方法对胃癌肿瘤坏死因子的影响

采用ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定的２２名进展期胃癌患的２０名健康献血员血浆ＴＮＦ含量分别为１９．２±１５．２和４．８±１．４ｎｇ／ｍｌ，前比后升高显。用ＰＨＡ，ｒＩＬ－２和ＴＦＤ单独与联合诱导的ＬＡＫ细胞培养上清ＴＮＦ含量，胃癌患均献血员高，有显性差别；联合诱导组优于单独诱导组，有显性差异。     

RA患者关节腔滑液及血清中TNF-α水平的测定

肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ－α）是机体炎症与免疫应答的重要调节因子。ＲＡ是免疫介导的炎症性疾病，为了探讨ＲＡ患者ＴＮＦ－α变化，采用双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法分析了３０例ＲＡ患者关节腔滑液及血清中ＴＮＦ－ａ水平。３０例ＲＡ患者诊断均符合美国风湿病学会诊断标准。结果显示ＲＡ患者滑液及血清中ＴＮＦ－ａ含量分别为１９．８５±６．０６ｎｇ／ｍｌ及８．４８±２．３５ｎｇ／ｍｌ，３０例正常对照组血清含量为２．４２±０．７９ｎｇ／ｍｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１，差别有高度显著性。实验中发现滑液中ＴＮＦ－ａ的个体差异很大，３０例中只…     

慢性肝病、肝癌患者IL－1、IL－8及TNFα活性测定

对２８例慢性肝炎、２３例肝炎性肝硬化及２６例原发性肝癌患者血清中ＩＬ－１、ＩＬ－８及ＴＮＦα活性进行了测定。结果表明，慢性肝炎患者ＩＬ－１、ＩＬ－８及ＴＮＦα活性分别为１５３８．３±３８６．５ｐｇ／ｍｌ，５０６．５±１３１．３ｐｇ／ｍｌ及２１２．６±９８．４ｐｇ／ｍｌ，明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；肝炎性肝硬化患者ＩＬ－１、ＩＬ－８及ＴＮＦα活性分别为２１６２．８±４３６．６ｐｇ／ｍｌ，６８２．６±２０４．５ｐｇ／ｍｌ及２４１．５±１０９．６ｐｇ／ｍｌ，明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；原发性肝癌患者ＩＬ－１、ＩＬ－８活性分别为６３２．６±１０７．６ｐｇ／ｍｌ，３１２．８±９５．８ｐｇ／ｍｌ，与对照组比较，ＩＬ－１活性明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＩＬ－８活性程度升高，但无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）ＴＮＦα活性为３２１．６±１８３．２ｐｇ／ｍｌ，明显高于对照组。亦对上述３种细胞因子与慢性肝炎、肝硬化发生发展关系进行了初步分析与探讨。     

尿视黄醇结合蛋白酶免疫测定法的建立和初步应用

我们自制兔（抗人ＲＢＰ）ＩｇＧ－ＨＲＰ酶标记物，建立了一种灵敏、简便、可靠的尿视黄醇结合蛋白（ＲＢＰ）双抗体夹心酶免疫测定法。方法灵敏度为０．４ｎｇ／ｍｌ；批内Ｃ．Ｖ．６．３％，批间Ｃ．Ｖ．１４．１％；工作范围０．４～５０ｎｇ／ｍｌ。本法的１００例正常健康人（２０～７４岁，平均４６岁）的尿ＲＢＰ值，以μｇ／ｍｍｏｌＣｒ表示，其算术均数（）±标准差（ｓ）为１１．２±６．０１；几何均数和９５％位点分别为９．５和２２。１０２例尿Ａ１ｂ正常的糖尿病患者，其尿ＲＢＰ值为４５．３±１０５．７μｇ／ｍｍｏｌＣｒ，较正常人明显增高（Ｐ＜０．００１），其中４０例（占３９．３％）高于正常上限。２５例肾功能正常的慢性肾盂肾炎中有２１例（占８４％）以及２４例其它各种肾小管间质疾病中的２２例（占９１．７％），尿ＲＢＰ值超越正常上限。肾小管损害可以是糖尿病肾病的一种早期症状。尿ＲＢＰ是近曲肾小管损害的一项敏感指标，对肾小管间质疾病的早期诊断具有重要价值。     

不同年龄段人血清肿瘤坏死因子—α（TNF—α）值的变化

我们用放免分析测定了不同年龄人血清ＴＮＦ－α值。结果显示，正常新生儿脐血、新生儿、幼儿及成人之间血清ＴＮＦ－α值有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１），共值分别为８．０９±３．３９、１７．０９±３．２９、２４．５３±２．７９、１０．０１±４．１ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ；新生儿败血症患者血清ＴＮＦ－α值显著高于成人肺炎患者（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结果提示同年龄人血清ＴＮＦ－α值的差异，可能反映了机体免疫状态的差异，从而引起不同     

On periodic sweating from the human skin during rest and exercise

The rhythmic variations in the water evaporation rate (gm ² h ¹1 from the dorsal side of the forearm have heen studied. The evaporaition rate is estimated by calculating the difference between the vapour pressures at two distinet points on a line perpendicular to the evaporative surface. Using autocorrelation technique it is found that the evaporation rate is periodie with a period of around 0.7 s. This value is consistent. al rest as well as prior to profuse sweating in exercise. for all the subjects included in the investigation. During profuse swesting the period becomes slightly longer. It is suggested that the variations in the evaporation rate reflect the periodie activity in the sudomotor nerves.     

TSH IRMA,FT3,FT4RIA的临床应用及其评价

本文报道了138例初诊甲亢患者,48例甲减和60例慢性肾功能衰竭病人血清TT_3、TT_4、FT_3、FT_4(RIA)及TSH-IRMA的测定值。甲亢患者FT_3、FT_4、TSH值分别为30.82±14.50、53.08土18.03pmol/L,TSH为0.27±0.69mIU/L。与对照组比较有极显著性差异(p<0。001),甲减病人与对照组比较,FT_3、FT_4、TSH有极显著性差异(p<0.001);慢性肾功能衰竭病人与对照组间FT_4有极显著性差异(p<0.001),TT_4、TT_3有显著性差异(p<0.01)。我们认为TSH-IRMA、FT_3、FT_4测定值对诊断甲亢、甲减以及慢性肾功能衰竭的诊断均有重要价值。     

肠系膜上动脉闭塞性休克过程中一氧化氮的抗肺损伤用

本实验采用兔肠系膜上动脉闭塞（ＳＭＡＯ）性休ｋｅ模型，测定了休克前后人．出肺血一氧化氮（ＮＯ）的含量，动态观察了ＮＯ合成抑制剂ＬＮＮＡ对休克时平均动脉血（ＭＡＰ）和肺动脉压（ＰＭＰ）及对生存时间的影响，并测定了人、出肺血脂质过氧化代谢产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的含量改变。结果发现，ＳＭＡＯ休克的出肺血ＮＯ显著低下人肺血（Ｐ＜０．００１），而休克后人、出肺血ＮＯ无明显差异，且与休克前相比也无明显差异。注入Ｌ－ＮＮＡ后显著增加了休克后的ＰＭＰ，缩短了存活时间。并使人、出肺皿ＭＤＡ含量明显增加，结果提示：在兔ＳＭＡＯ休ｋｅ中内源性ＮＯ具有重要的抗肺动脉压增高和抗肺损伤的作用。     

外源性糖皮质激素对大鼠下丘脑─垂体─肾上腺─胸腺轴的影响

本文观察大鼠每天皮下注射皮质酮（1~50mg/kg，连续14天）后下丘脑─垂体─肾上腺─胸腺（HPAT）轴的形态与机能改变。结果表明：实验大鼠垂体，肾上腺，胸腺重量减轻，下丘脑单胺类递质含量升高，下丘脑室旁核促肾上腺皮质素释放因子（CRF）分泌细胞及正中隆起CRY神经纤维和垂体前叶促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）分泌细胞等数量减少，染色变淡，血浆皮质酮（CORT）和ACTh浓度降低。淋巴细胞增殖反应及自然杀伤细胞活性减弱，T淋巴细胞产生IL-2、IFN－γ能力下降。提示：（1）外源性糖皮质激素剂量依赖性反馈抑制HPAT轴；（2）与此同时激活下丘脑单胺类递质，进一步支持糖皮质激素与儿茶酚胺共同构成HPAT重要调节因素的观点。     

A paper radioimmunosorbent test (PRIST) for the detection of larva-specific antibodies to toxocara canis in human sera

A paper radioimmunosorbent test (PRIST) was shown to be sensitive and reproducible when used with excretory/secretory antigen of Toxocara canis second stage larvae. Whatman No. 50 filter paper (5 mm discs) gave the most consistent and clear results with antigen at a concentration of 100 μg/ml, and could be stored for up to 3 weeks in vacuo at ?70°C. Antigen coated discs were incubated with test sera at 1 : 10 dilution for 3 h at room temperature (21°C), reacted with [¹²⁵I]anti-human IgG for 1 h and counts determined in a gamma counter. Sera from patients with fascioliasis, taeniasis, schistosomiasis, oxyuriasis, trichinellosis and ancyclostomiasis gave counts similar to cord serum controls. Sera from patients with ascariasis gave counts of up to twice as great as controls, but sera from patients with toxicariasis produced counts of 7,000–13,000, a 4–6-fold increase.     

Improved method for the isolation of purified mouse peritoneal macrophages

Mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultured for 45 min in medium supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS) in petri dishes coated overnight with heat-inactivated FCS. After removal of non-adherent cells by washing, adherent cells were detached by a brief incubation in the presence of sub-toxic levels of ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA). Overall peritoneal macrophage recoveries of 90% can be routinely achieved with this method, and full cell viability is maintained.     

Early histogenesis in the mouse cerebral cortex: a Golgi study

The early histogenesis in the cerebral cortex of the mouse was studied with a modification of the rapid Golgi method. Three stages can be distinguished first, a period during which the telencephalon is exclusively populated with neuroepithelial cells (till E12); secondly the transient stage of the primordial cortical organization, characterized by the presence, in the outer part of the neural tube, of a loose network of primitive horizontal nerve cells and third, the appearance of the early cortical plate (E14) which contains closely packed, radial bipolar nerve cells. In addition to some salient morphological features of the various cell types, the technique also reveals the importance of efferent fibers from the cortex during the early cortical development.     

Summation of fibre potentials and the e.m.g.-force relationship during the voluntary movement of a forearm

A linear mathematical model of the electromyogram (e.m.g.) has been developed for the biceps muscle. The number of motor units (and therefore muscle fibres) contributing to the resultant e.m.g. at any stage of movement has been found from the force analysis of elbow flexion. The depths of various motor units and the phase difference between the recruitment of any two motor units have been formulated using a spiral spread of recruitment sequence. The attenuation of individual motor-unit action potentials due to varying depths has been taken into consideration, and due regard has been taken of the length-tension diagram of a muscle while performing the force analysis. Attention has been focused on the flexion of the elbow joint, in which a method of finding the individual contribution of the biceps and brachialis muscles has been developed and applied. The results predicted by the model have been verified by experiments. The model can also be extended to the e.m.g. of other fast skeletal muscles. The conditions and limitations for such generalisations have been stated and discussed.