老年消化道肿瘤病人术后经三腔胃肠管早期肠内营养的应用价值

目的:探讨三腔胃肠管在老年消化道恶性肿瘤病人手术后EEN的应用价值. 方法: 选取28例老年消化道恶性肿瘤病人,术后给予EEN,分为单腔普通营养管(胃肠减压管 鼻肠管)组和经鼻置三腔胃肠管组.术后48 h开始给予以瑞能为主的EN,对比置管成功率、病人出现呕吐、腹泻等不耐受情况的比例、达到预期营养目标的比例、感染发生率等,并在第8天复查肝、肾功能,评价三腔胃肠管在老年消化道恶性肿瘤病人术后的应用价值.结果: 三腔胃肠管在胃肠减压的同时,还可进行EN,降低了并发症的发生率;采用瑞能进行EEN未发现严重不良反应. 结论: 老年消化道恶性肿瘤病人术后采用三腔胃肠管进行的EEN安全可行.     

老年食管癌病人术后经三腔胃肠营养管早期肠内营养的临床研究

目的:探讨三腔胃肠管在老年食管癌病人手术后早期肠内营养(EEN)的应用价值。方法:选取42例老年食管癌病人,每组21例,随机分为单腔普通营养管(胃肠减压管+鼻肠管)组和经鼻置三腔胃肠管组,术后24 h开始给予EN,同时对比置管成功率、病人出现呕吐、腹泻等不耐受情况的比例、达到预期营养目标的比例、感染发生率等,并在第8天复查肝、肾功能,评价三腔胃肠管在老年食管癌病人术后的应用价值。结果:三腔胃肠管在胃肠减压的同时,还可进行EN,降低了并发症的发生率。进行EEN未发现严重不良反应。结论:老年食管癌病人术后采用三腔胃肠管进行EEN安全可行。     

三腔胃肠管在肝门部胆管癌病人术后早期肠内营养中的应用

目的:探讨肝门部胆管癌病人根治术后经三腔胃肠管行早期肠内营养(EEN)的应用价值. 方法:选取32例行肝门部胆管癌根治术的病人,分为三腔胃肠管组和普通胃管组(胃管+鼻肠营养管).术后进行同样的EN治疗.观察两组病人肛门恢复排气时间、恶心、呕吐、腹泻、肺部感染、腹腔感染、切口感染、胃液引流量等.术后第8天,检测肝、肾功能等指标. 结果:普通胃管组病人的肺部感染发生率明显高于三腔胃肠管组(P＜0.05);三腔胃肠管组病人恶心、呕吐的发生率明显低于普通胃管组(P＜0.05),两组间胃液引流量、肛门恢复排气时间、术后腹腔感染、切口感染等并发症的发生率均无显著性差异(P＞0.05). 结论:肝门部胆管癌病人根治术后采用三腔胃肠管行EEN不仅安全可靠,耐受性好,而且能减少并发症的发生率.     

胰十二指肠切除术后肠内营养支持的观察与护理

目的总结胰十二指肠切除术后患者肠内营养（EN）的效果观察与护理体会。方法选择20例胰十二指肠切除术患者在围手术期应用肠内外营养（治疗组）,与同期行手术治疗后给予单独肠外静脉营养的20例胰十二指肠切除术患者（对照组）进行对照研究。针对术前术后体重变化,总蛋白、白蛋白改善情况,术后并发症发生率等指标进行统计学分析。结果治疗组中行胰十二指肠切除的术后并发症发生率、手术前后体重变化及总蛋白改善情况均明显优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论胰十二指肠切除术应用肠内外营养有其显著的优点,临床医生应更加重视围手术期肠内营养支持治疗。     

胰十二指肠切除术后早期实施肠内营养的临床观察分析

探讨胰头十二指肠切除术后早期肠内营养的安全性、优越性及对病人免疫功能的影响。将 18例行胰头十二指肠切除术病人随机分为早期肠内营养组 (EN组 )、胃肠外营养组(PN组 )。术后第 1天开始分别给予等氮等热量营养支持治疗 10天。术前及术后 1、3、5、10天分别测量每例病人的营养及免疫学指标 ,并观察有无并发症。结果 :胰头十二指肠切除术后早期肠内营养不但与全胃肠外营养一样可以改善病人的营养状况 ,而且更加符合人体生理 ,利于胃肠道功能的恢复 ,能够尽早纠正负氮平衡。在恢复和调节机体免疫功能方面优于全胃肠外营养 ,能够改善术后…     

早期肠内营养对胰十二指肠切除术后病人预后影响的Meta分析

目的:系统评价早期肠内营养(EEN)和肠外营养(PN)对胰十二指肠切除术后病人预后的影响.方法:选取CNKI、万方、维普、PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane Library等数据库,检索1995年1月至2014年4月有关EEN和PN对胰十二指肠切除术后病人预后影响的随机对照试验(RCT).根据纳入和剔除标准,筛选出符合标准的文献,并进行质量评价.提取相关数据后采用Revman 5.1.0软件进行Meta分析. 结果:共有14项RCT纳入本次研究.在875例病人中,EEN组454例,PN组421例.经Meta分析结果显示,EEN组病人较PN组术后肠功能恢复时间明显提前,术后住院时间明显缩短,术后总并发症的发生率明显降低,住院费用明显减少.但两组之间胰瘘发生率、胃排空障碍发生率、病死率均无显著性差异(P＞0.05). 结论:胰十二指肠切除术后病人早期应用EN能有效地促进术后肠功能恢复,缩短住院时间,减少术后并发症,降低住院费用.     

三腔喂养管在胃癌术后病人早期肠内营养的应用

目的:观察胃癌术后病人应用三腔喂养管早期肠内营养(EEN)的可行性和安全性。方法:将90例胃癌病人分为观察组和对照组。对照组(n=30)术后应用全肠外营养(TPN),观察组(n=60)术后早期应用EN,观察病人术后血清清蛋白(ALB)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)水平和病人肠鸣音恢复时间、术后肛门排气时间、并发症的发生率等变化。结果:观察组病人术后ALB、IgA明显高于对照组;术后肠蠕动恢复和肛门排气时间均早于对照组,并发症的发生率无显著性差异。结论:术后应用三腔喂养管行EEN有助于改善胃癌病人的营养状况和胃肠道免疫功能。     

胰十二指肠切除术中经胃造口管放置空肠营养管的临床研究

目的:观察胰十二指肠切除术中经胃造口管放置空肠营养管的临床疗效和病人的生存质量。方法:将25例胰十二指肠切除术病人随机分为术中经胃造口管放置空肠营养管(观察组)和传统放置胃管EN治疗(对照组),对比两组病人的手术操作时间、术后并发症、住院费用、住院时间,术后第7和第14天抑郁自评量表和焦虑自评量表评分、免疫和营养状况等指标的差异和生活质量评分(QLQ-C30)的差异。结果:观察组病人均在术中成功经胃造口管放置空肠营养管,无发生导管相关并发症,未增加手术时间、住院费用和住院时间。两组病人抑郁与焦虑评分均有显著性差异(P<0.05),术后QLQ-C30评分差异亦有显著性意义。两组病人营养状况和免疫功能指标无显著性差异。结论:胰十二指肠切除病人术中经胃造口管放置空肠营养管是安全有效的肠内营养途径,有助于提高病人的生活质量。     

食管、贲门癌病人术后早期肠内营养治疗的分析

目的:总结食管、贲门癌切除术后早期进行肠内营养(EN)的临床效果.方法:回顾性分析106例食管、贲门癌病人术后早期经十二指肠营养管进行EN的临床资料.结果:所有病人未出现吻合口瘘、低蛋白血症等严重并发症,均治愈出院.结论:食管、贲门癌切除病人经十二指肠营养管行EN,能促进和维护胃肠道功能,改善营养状态,并且安全、实用.     

三腔胃肠管在上消化道手术中的应用价值

目的:评价一种新型三腔胃肠管(FT,Freka Trelumina)在上消化道手术中的应用价值.方法:选择上消化道手术病人48例,根据置管情况分成鼻胃管 单腔普通空肠营养管(空肠营养造口管或鼻肠管)、经鼻置三腔胃肠管和胃造口置三腔胃肠管三组.通过对置入成功率、出现恶心、呕吐及不耐受情况的比率、达到预期营养目标的比率、感染发生率等分析,对三腔胃肠管术中置管应用途径进行了临床研究和评估.结果:在用新型三腔胃肠管进行空肠肠内营养的同时,进行胃内减压,显著降低了并发症的发生率.结论:运用新型三腔胃肠管进行肠内营养安全可靠,具有更好的耐受性和较少的并发症,与其他营养管相比具有更明显的优越性.     

有性才会有健康

性是基本的人权。根据我国著名的性学家史成礼教授的研究,性有“三大功能”:生育功能、享乐功能和健康功能。     

Communicating with people with dementia

It can be very difficult to communicate with people with dementia. Each case requires its own unique handling. Not every scenario is covered, as many times your own judgment is what will work, best according to the circumstances. These can change from dawn to evening and from day to day. Never assume things will be the way they were the last time you communicated. Be on your guard. Be adaptable. The article will help get you started to think of your own ways to communicate.     

Working with patients with physical disabilities

Medical practices need to make a number of adaptations to ensure that their facilities and staff are accessible to patients and other office visitors with physical disabilities. This article describes 10 specific strategies for preparing your medical practice for patients with disabilities, both inside and outside your office. It describes minimum standards for office doorways, sidewalk inclines, ramps, reception areas, and other adaptations medical offices need to make. The article also describes specific do and don't advice for communicating with patients with physical disabilities. It suggests strategies for preparing written materials for disabled patients, for communicating verbally, and for providing healthcare education. Finally, it suggests an appropriate role for medical practice staff in the delivery of healthcare services to patients with physical disabilities.     

经方汗证治验

临床上汗证病情复杂,分自汗、盗汗、黄汗和但头汗出,治疗汗证方药诸多,有益气固表、养阴清热和清热除湿等方法,疗效不一。受恩师刘健主任教导和《伤寒论》《金匮要略》病脉证并治启发,以脉证并治、方证对应思想,浅谈桂枝加附子汤、黄芪芍药苦酒汤、柴胡桂枝干姜汤和三物黄芩汤治疗汗证的经验,为经方治疗汗证提供新思路。     

Coping with Children with ADHD: Coping Styles of Mothers with Children with ADHD or Challenging Behaviours

Parents of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can experience significant levels of stress in their parenting roles, however, little is known about the specific coping strategies used by these parents. This pilot study Investigated the coping strategies used by mothers of children with ADHD. A 34 item questionnaire was developed to identify maternal coping strategies. A cohort of 38 mothers of children with ADHD and a control group of 30 mothers of children without ADHD or any other disability/illness completed the questionnaire. Factor analysis of responses produced three factors: Aggressive/Confrontive Coping, Rational Coping, and Indirect Coping. These factors are similar to coping dimensions proposed by Folkman and Lazarus. Comparisons between the two groups of mothers revealed that mothers of children with ADHD used significantly more Indirect Coping.     

Problems with measuring satisfaction with social care

The measurement of customer satisfaction has become widespread in both healthcare and social care services, and is informative for performance monitoring and service development. Satisfaction with social care services is routinely measured with a single question on overall satisfaction with care, comprising part of the Adult Social Care Survey. The measurement of satisfaction has been problematised, and existing satisfaction measures are known to be under‐theorised. In this article, the process of making an evaluation of satisfaction with social care services is first informed by a literature review of the theoretical background, and second examined through qualitative interviews conducted in 2012–2013 with 82 service users and family carers in Hampshire, Portsmouth and Southampton. Participants in this study were from white British and South Asian backgrounds, and the influence of ethnicity in the process of satisfaction evaluation is discussed. The findings show that the majority of participants selected a positive satisfaction rating even though both positive and negative experiences with services were described in their narratives. It is recommended that surveys provide opportunity for service users and family carers to elaborate on their satisfaction ratings. This addition will provide more scope for services to review their strengths and weaknesses.     

Ending clinical relationships with people with schizophrenia

The potential for the social worker-client relationship to contribute to therapeutic outcomes is not always apparent with clients who have schizophrenia. Their cognitive impairments often make it difficult for these clients to regulate interpersonal boundaries and for social workers to connect with them. Clinical practice is enhanced, however, by recognizing that severely impaired clients have the capacity and desire for relationships with service providers and others. The manner in which the clinical relationship ends is important for maintaining clinical gains and determining whether the client will risk investing in future relationships. The purpose of this article has been to sensitize social workers to the delicate nature of managing the endings of those relationships.