先天单纯型恒牙缺失患者的临床特点分析

目的 探讨先天单纯型恒牙缺失的临床特点,为临床治疗工作提供参考依据.方法 回顾性分析260例患者的临床资料,对第三磨牙缺失、先天单纯型恒牙缺失的牙位分布和性别差异进行检查分析.结果 第三磨牙的缺失率为25.7％,且上颌的缺失率显著多于下颌;缺失的牙位分布依次为下颌第二前磨牙,下颌中切牙、上颌侧切牙、上颌第二前磨牙和下颌侧切牙.先天单纯型恒牙缺失的发生率在上颌与下颌、左侧与右侧、男性与女性之间没有显著性差异(P＞0.05),且180例患者出现左、右两侧恒牙同时缺失的现象,占总数的69.2％.结论 除了第三磨牙,下颌第二前磨牙是最易缺失的牙齿,对先天单纯型恒牙缺失患者应采取早期干预和治疗,提高患者的满意度.     

新疆5150名大学生恒牙先天缺失的调查分析

目的 了解新疆大学生恒牙先天缺失的状况.方法 2008年9月～2009年5月对新疆高校学生共5 150名采取随机 、分层、整群抽样的方法进行恒牙发育异常情况的调查.对患病率、颌位情况、缺牙数目、好发牙位及同时伴发2种牙齿发育异常的情况进行分析.结果 恒牙先天缺失的总患病率为5.98%,无性别差异;颌位情况下颌缺失多于上颌(P<0.05);好发牙位为下颌中切牙;以缺失1颗牙者最多见,占总人数的63.96%;锥形牙与先天缺牙伴发的比率高,达68.29%.结论 新疆大学生恒牙先天缺失的状况与以往的研究相符,但性别间无差异,下颌缺牙数目多于上颌.     

754例老年人牙列完损及修复情况调查

l对象754名调查对象均为江西省省直机关干部。其中男性699人，占92．7％，女性55人，为7．3％。年龄45～93岁。将体检者分为三组，45～59岁为老年前期，60～79岁为老年期，80岁以上为长寿期。2结果和分析本组病例均以28个牙统计。牙列缺失：指上颌、下颌或上下颌牙齿全部缺失。牙列缺损：指上颌、下颌或上下颌牙齿部分缺失。754名干部中患有牙列缺损、缺失者共有511人，失牙率为67．8％；其中牙列缺损患者455人，占缺牙人总数的89．04％；牙列缺失患者40人，占7．83％；上或下牙列缺失伴牙列缺损者16人，占3．13％；其中已作各类修复者307人…     

新疆不同民族大学生恒牙先天缺失的调查

目的：调查新疆不同民族青年人恒牙先天缺失疾病的现况。方法：2008年9月至2009年5月对新疆高校学生共5150名采取随机、分层、整群抽样的方法进行恒牙发育异常情况的调查。对总体及维、汉、哈族之间先天缺牙疾病进行患病率、颌位情况、缺牙数目、好发牙位及同时伴发2种牙齿发育异常的情况进行卡方检验。结果：恒牙先天缺失的总患病率为5．98％,汉族患病率高于维族（P〈0．05）,维族男性患病率低于女性（P〈0．05）。总体及汉族缺牙数目下颌多于上颌（P〈0．05）,好发牙位为下颌中切牙;总体及三民族均以缺失1颗牙者最多见,且锥形牙与先天缺牙伴发的比率高。结论：恒牙先天缺失的总患病率略低于其他学者的研究、民族间患病率有差异,汉族高于维吾尔族。性别差异、颌位情况、缺牙数目、好发牙位及伴发情况与其他学者的研究基本一致。     

上颌侧切牙先天缺失的矫治

目的:探讨上颌侧切牙先天缺失的矫治设计及特点.方法:选择已矫治完成伴上颌侧切牙先天缺失的错(牙合)畸形患者23例,根据上颌侧切牙先天缺失的数目、错(牙合)类型、矫治方法及效果进行统计分析评价,对其中两组拔牙设计模式进行重点探讨.第一组:7例,缺1颗上颌侧切牙,下颌拔除两颗第一双尖牙和上颌非缺牙侧拔除1颗第一双尖牙;第二组:6例,缺2颗上颌侧切牙,下颌拔除两颗第一双尖牙或两颗第二双尖牙.将两组患者的模型进行Bolton指数测量分析,计算时将上颌侧切牙缺失侧的第一双尖牙纳入前牙量范畴,全牙比按减去先天缺牙和拔牙后的牙量计算,将两组模式的测量数据进行统计学检验.结果:两组全牙比为(87.68±1.0～87.41±1.01)%,前牙比为(76.6±2.24～75.24±0.87)%,前牙不调量在0.7±0.66～1.3±0.56 mm之间.两组Bolton指数比较均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:先天缺1颗上颌侧切牙若上下颌均需拔牙者,拔除上颌非缺牙侧的第一双尖牙或侧切牙对Bolton指数影响均不大;上颌侧切牙变异时选择拔除变异的上颌侧切牙保留同侧的第一双尖牙,避免Bolton指数不调的影响.     

宁波市中老年人牙缺失与修复情况调查

对宁波市城乡１４４０名中老年人进行缺牙及修复情况调查。结果发现：（１）总缺牙率为６４．５１％，缺牙均数５．９６颗，缺牙率和均数随年龄增大而增高，女性明显大于男性，农村高于城市（Ｐ〈０．０１）。（２）缺牙部位中年组主要集中５６７／５６７区，老年组则分布均一，左右基本对称，下颌多于上颌，后牙多于前牙，（３）在９２９例缺牙中，有活动义齿１２２件，固定义齿３１６件，全口义齿１４７件，未修复率达６４．２６％     

宁波市中老年人牙缺失与修复情况调查

对宁波市城乡1440名中老年人进行缺牙及修复情况调查，结果发现：①总缺牙率为64．51％，缺牙均数5.96颗，缺牙率和均数随年龄增大而增高，女性明显大于男性，农村高于城市（P＜0．01）。②缺牙部位中年组主要集中在区，老年组则分布均一，左右基本对称，下颌多于上颌，后牙多于前牙。③在929例缺牙中，有活动义齿122件，固定义齿316件，全口义齿147件，未修复率达64．26％，不良修复体80件，占13.68％。本文对缺牙的原因，修复情况以及有关问题进行分析。     

机关干部牙齿缺失的原因与对策(附929例分析)

目的了解并分析哈尔滨市机关干部人群的牙齿缺失情况,为进行口腔健康教育及修复工作提供参考依据.方法参照第二次全国口腔健康流行病学抽样调查标准[1],对929例机关干部进行牙齿缺失调查,结果用SPSS12软件处理.结果①总缺牙率为44.89%,缺牙率随着年龄的增长呈上升趋势(P＜0.01).女性缺牙率高于男性(P＜0.01);②人均保留牙齿为26.49颗,男女人均保留牙齿数均与年龄呈负相关(P＜0.05);③牙齿缺失数下颌明显多于上颌(751颗、655颗,P＜0.01),其中第1磨牙＞第2磨牙＞第2前磨牙＞第1前磨牙＞中切牙＞侧切牙＞尖牙;④文化程度较低者牙齿缺失率明显高于文化程度较高者(64.10%、41.01%,P＜0.01).结论 929例哈尔滨市机关干部缺牙率较高,文化程度低的人群比文化程度的人群缺牙率高.应该加强口腔预防保健意识.     

单纯型先天性恒牙缺失的临床观察

目的观察单纯型先天性恒牙缺失的缺牙状况,探讨其分布规律和临床特点。方法对我院门诊口腔科就诊患儿共91例的临床资料进行回顾性的统计学分析。结果统计的患者中下颌第二前磨牙共缺失77颗,下颌中切牙和上颌第二前磨牙均缺失58颗,下颌第一磨牙共缺失3颗,上颌第一磨牙共缺失4颗。上、下颌(P=0.224,t=-6.146)及左、右侧(P=0.928,t=-6.514)牙齿缺失数目差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。缺失牙位多呈对称分布,双侧均有缺失者有76例,占总数的83.5%(76/91)。结论单纯型先天性恒牙缺牙患者中,第三磨牙不算,下颌第二前磨牙是最易缺失的牙齿。     

4 002名高校学生先天缺牙及牙齿畸形的现况调查

目的:研究4 002名青年国人先天缺牙及牙齿畸形现况。方法:选取天津某医学院校4 002名学生,调查先天缺牙及牙齿畸形患病率并进行统计学分析, 抽取1个年级学生统计有先天缺牙或牙齿畸形个体的患牙数目。结果:先天缺牙患病率3.92%,下颌比上颌好发,女性患病率高于男性,差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.40,P=0.04;χ2=6.49,P=0.01）;牙齿畸形患病率4.97%,上颌比下颌好发,汉族患病率高于少数民族,差异有统计学意义（χ2=43.60,P=0.00;χ2=4.92,P=0.03）。先天缺牙好发于下颌侧切牙,牙齿畸形好发于上颌侧切牙。多数患者先天缺牙及牙齿畸形的数目为1~2颗。结论:先天缺牙患病率存在性别差异和上下颌差异,牙齿畸形患病率存在民族差异及上下颌差异,本研究结果将为口腔医生临床诊断和治疗提供参考。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.