Na+-K+2Cl- Cotransport in the Thick Ascending Limb of Henle

The operation of this recently recognized cotransport unit, which tightly couples the translocation of sodium, potassium, and chloride across cell membranes of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop, is described, along with the pathologic derangements of renal function that give these physiologic phenomena their clinical correlation.     

Gamma-linolenic acid restores renal medullary thick ascending limb Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in diabetic rats.

In diabetes, the activity of Delta-6 desaturase, which converts linoleic acid (LA) into gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), the first step of arachidonic acid (AA) synthesis, is decreased, leading to alterations in membrane phospholipid composition. On the other hand, 12 wk after the onset of diabetes, Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity is reduced in many organs, including the kidney. The medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) reduced Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity, whereas the sodium load secondary to glomerular hyperfiltration was increased. The aim of our study was to examine whether the changes in membrane fatty acid composition resulting from the inhibition of Delta-6 desaturase may be involved in the decreased Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity observed in the outer MTAL after 12 wk of diabetes. GLA is a fatty acid that by-passes the Delta-6 desaturase step. We measured the membrane fatty acid composition and the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in the renal outer medulla of control and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats 12 wk after the induction of diabetes. Measurements were performed after supplementation of control rats with sunflower oil (SO) or GLA for 12 wk, and supplementation of 12 wk diabetic rats with SO for 12 wk or with GLA for 6 or 12 wk. Supplementation with GLA not only prevented the decrease in Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity observed after 12 wk of diabetes but also time dependently stimulated Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in the outer medulla. The changes in Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity were related to parallel changes in the amount of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase alpha(1) subunit protein. In addition, in diabetic rats only, Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity was positively correlated with the amount of AA present in cell membranes (r = 0.92, P < 0.05). Our results indicate that nutritional GLA supplementation increases Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity and expression in diabetic rats. In addition, the positive correlation between AA content and Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity suggests that in diabetic rats, alterations in membrane fatty acid composition contribute to the decreased Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in outer medulla.     

A factor in food which impairs Na+-K+-ATPase in vitro

Extracts of foods were examined to identify materials which inactivate Na+-K+-dependent ATPase. Active material which we call food factor was found in tea, cocoa, red wines, and in certain other dietary components. A unit of activity is defined and the material is compared with ouabain and an inhibitory flavone. The possible role of such a food factor in the regulation of sodium metabolism and in the causation of essential high blood pressure is discussed.     

镉对大鼠Na+-K+-ATPase和Ca2+-ATPase影响的实验研究

目的 研究不同剂量镉对大鼠钠钾ATP酶(Na^ -K^ -ATPase)和钙ATP酶(Ca^ -ATPase)的影响,以探讨镉中毒的细胞分子学机制。方法 大鼠按体重随机分成4组,第1组为对照组,皮下注射0．9％氯化钠,第2～4组为镉染毒组,分别皮下注射3,5,7μmol／kg的氯化镉溶液,注射容量均为2ml／kg。染毒6周后,测定尿中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、尿蛋白、尿镉和肝、肾组织中Na^ -K^ -ATPase及Ca^2 -ATPase的活力。结果 随着镉染毒剂量的增加,各组大鼠尿LDH、尿蛋白和尿镉含量均逐渐递增,呈现明显的剂量-效应关系;同时,肝、肾组织中的：Na^ -K^ -ATPase和Ca^2 -ATPase活力也随之增加。结论 随着镉染毒剂量的增加,大鼠肝、肾组织损伤逐渐加重,同时伴随着细胞膜上Na^ -K^ -ATPase和Ca^2 -ATPase的变化,这可能与细胞内钙稳态的破坏有关。     

混配杀虫剂对小鼠学习记忆功能及大脑组织ATP酶活力的影响

[目的]研究混配杀虫剂对小鼠学习记忆功能的影响,初步探讨染毒后大脑组织ATP酶活力对小鼠学习记忆功能发生改变的作用。[方法]将小鼠随机分为混配杀虫剂染毒A组(丙溴磷与氰戊菊脂混配染毒组)、混配杀虫剂染毒B组(丙澳磷与灭多威混配染毒组)和1个对照组,每组10只。A、B组分别给予高、中、低3种染毒剂量,染毒前及染毒24h后进行跳台试验;应用化学比色法测定各组小鼠大脑组织中Na -K ATP酶、Ca2 -Mg2 -ATP酶的活力。[结果]①与对照组比较,A、B组的高剂量组跳台试验受电击次数分别为(2．90±1．45)次、(3．60±1．96)次,明显增多(P <0．05,P<0．01);总电击时间分别为(86．90±31．12)s、(101．30±38．74)s,明显增加(P<0．05,P<0．01);首次错误潜伏期分别为(74．20±27．88)s、(76．40±35．28)s,明显缩短(P<0．01)。②与对照组比较,A、B组的高剂量组大脑组织中Na -K -ATP酶活力分别为(5．50±2．17)、(5．50±2．97)μmol Pi／(mg prot·h),Ca2 -Mg2 -ATP酶的活力分别为(98．10±19．59)、(81．65±13．12)μmol Pi／(mg prot·h),明显降低(P<0．05,P<0．01)。③跳台试验各指标的改变及大脑组织ATP酶活力的降低,均以高剂量组更明显。[结论]混配杀虫剂能降低小鼠学习记忆功能,这种改变可能与大脑组织中Na -K - ATP酶、Ca2 -Mg2 -ATP酶的活力下降有关。     

库存血液在室温及37℃预热时钠钾ATP酶和钙镁ATP酶活性变化

目的:为了解库存血液在室温25℃及37℃水浴预热时Na -K ATP酶和ca2 -Mg2 ATP酶活性的变化,给大量输血病人血液预热提供指导.方法:应用比色法分别检测45例合格的库存血液,在不同温度下红细胞膜Na -K ATP酶和Ca2 -Mg2 ATP酶活性,并对结果进行分析.结果:室温25℃30 min红细胞膜Na -K ATP酶活性为0.0143±0.00328(μmol·Pi/107RBC·h),Ca2 -Mg2 ATP酶活性为0.0129±0.00401(μmol·Pi/107 RBC·h);室温25℃ 2 h红细胞膜Na -K ATP酶活性为0.0142±0.00305(μmol·Pi/107 RBC·h),Ca2 -Mg2 ATP酶活性为0.0132±0.00307(μmol·Pi/107 RBC·h);37℃10 min红细胞膜Na -K ATP酶活性为0.0152±0.00374(μmol·Pi/107 RBC·h),ca2 -Mg2 ATP酶活性为0.0131±0.00515(μmol·Pi/107 RBC·h).结论:库存血液预热能使红细胞膜Na -K ATP酶和ca2 -Mg2 ATP酶活性明显升高.     

Characteristics of a (Na+-K+)-ATPase inhibitor in extracts of tea

Extracts of tea were examined for inhibitors of the sodium-potassium pump by investigating the effect of the extracts on 1) isolated preparations of (Na+-K+)-ATPase from hog brain and human blood cells; 2) the displacement of radioactive ouabain from its specific receptor on red blood cells, and 3) the uptake of radioactive rubidium in intact red blood cells. It has been found that extracts of tea were potent inhibitors of the purified hog brain (Na+-K+)-ATPase. However, the inhibition was not specific for the (Na+-K+)-ATPase and the extract of tea did not displace 3H-ouabain in a specific ouabain-receptor assay. Additionally, the tea extracts displayed only a small inhibitory effect on the uptake of 86Rb in intact red blood cells. These observations suggest that the material is not like digitalis and that, unlike cardiac glycosides, it may inhibit the activity of the (Na+-K+)-ATPase by interacting with the enzyme at intracellular sites.     

同日不同仪器测定99例次危重患者动脉全血与静脉血清中Na+、K+、Cl-结果的比较

目的探讨动、静脉血标本同日不同仪器测定Na^＋、K^＋、Cl^-结果的差异性。方法采用Rapidbab ^TM348血气分析仪测定患者动脉全血的Na^＋、K^＋、Cl^-数值；采用CHIRON／DIAGNOSTICS 644 Na^＋／K^＋/Cl^- Analyzer仪检测患者静脉血清的Na^＋、K^＋、Cl^-数值。结果静脉（V）血清测定的Na^＋、K^＋、Cl^-结果比动脉（A）全血测定的Na^＋、K^＋、Cl^-结果，平均值都稍高。但Na^＋、K^＋差异无显著性，t值分别为0．0679和0．5379，P均〉0．05；Cl^-则差异有显著性，t值为2．0225，P〈0．05。但由于检测对象均为危重患者，Na^＋、K^＋、Cl^-测定结果，无论是正常、减低或增高，时刻都在随着病情变化而动态变化，最为明显的是Na^＋、K^＋的低值，Cl^-低值变化不明显。但从总体上看，A与V样本Na^＋、K^＋、Cl^-测定结果的升高或减低都是相应同步的。结论A与V样本，两种仪器分别测定的Na^＋、K^＋、Cl^-结果，都是准确可信的，具有同样重要参考价值。     

妊娠期溴氰菊酯暴露对仔鼠神经行为发育及脑Na+-K+-ATPase活性的影响

[目的]探讨妊娠期澳氰菊酯(deltamethein,DM)暴露对仔鼠脑Na -K -ATPase活性及神经行为发育的影响.[方法]确定母鼠妊娠后,随机分为0、3.35及6.70mg/kg DM染毒组,自妊娠1～19d按0.5 ml/100g体重隔日一次灌胃染毒,对照组给予相同剂量的色拉油.分别选择5、10、21 d龄仔鼠断头处死,测其脑组织Na -K -ATPase活性;选择30 d龄仔鼠进行主动逃避实验及旷场实验.[结果]3.35mg/kg染毒组仅21 d龄仔鼠存活率与对照组相比明显降低(P＜0.05),6.70mg/kg染毒组5、10、21 d龄仔鼠存活率均低于对照组(P＜0.01).3.35 mg/kg染毒组5 d龄仔鼠脑组织Na -K -ATPase活性无明显变化,10 d龄仔鼠活性降低,与对照组相比有显著性差异(P＜0.05),21 d龄仔鼠未见异常;6.70 mg/kg染毒组5、10d龄仔鼠脑组织Na -K -ATPase活性显著降低,21 d龄末见明显变化.6.70mg/kg染毒组30d龄仔鼠延迟时问为(3.86±1.40)s、被动逃避反应阳性率为24%,与对照组[(1.68±0.70)s、6%]相比,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).3.35和6.70 mg/kg染毒组仔鼠旷场实验中行进格子数均明显降低,与对照组的差异均有显著性(P＜0.05).[结论]孕鼠妊娠期接触DM可以抑制仔鼠脑组织Na -K -ATPase活性,并对其生长发育产生影响.     

Maternal ethanol consumption: effect on (Na+-K+)-ATPase in rat offspring

The activity of Mg2+-activated, ouabain-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase, (Na+-K+)-ATPase, was determined in homogenates of hypothalamus, cortex, cerebellum, and brain stem from the 19-day-old offspring of rats that were pair-fed control or (6.6%, v/v) ethanol liquid diets on a chronic basis prior to parturition. In the offspring of both control and ethanol-fed rats the specific activity of (Na+-K+)-ATPase was significantly (p less than 0.01) greater in the cortex than it was in the hypothalamus, brain stem or cerebellum (hypothalamus approximately brain stem approximately cerebellum). When the offspring of ethanol-fed and control rats were compared we observed no significant (p greater than 0.05) differences in the activity of (Na+-K+)-ATPase in any of the four brain regions examined. In addition, the results of kinetic analyses of cortical (Na+-K+)-ATPase were similar in the 19-day-old offspring of ethanol-fed rats and those whose mothers consumed either the control liquid diet or standard laboratory chow. The results of these studies suggest that the activity of the plasma membrane enzyme, (Na+-K+)-ATPase, was not affected in the 19-day-old offspring of ethanol-fed rats.     

中药防治硫酸镍对大鼠两种心肌酶活性及心电图影响的实验研究 .

目的：探讨扶正解毒汤（FJD）对硫酸镍（NiSO4)致心脏损伤的防治作用及其机理。方法：腹腔注射NiSO4染毒,FJD灌胃防治,检测心肌Na^ -K^ -ATP酶、Ca^2 -ATP酶活性,心电图和心肌病理,进行评价,结果：NiSO4组与NS组比较,两种酶活性均明显抑制（P＜0．001）,同时出现心肌病理和心电图异常。用FJD防治后,两种酶活性明显改善（P＜0．01）,心肌病理损伤和心电图恢复正常。结论：FJD可有效防治NiSO4对心肌的损伤,其机理与恢复心肌Na^ -K^ -ATP酶、Ca^2 -ATP酶活性有关。     

2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英急性染毒对小鼠脑组织中Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-ATP酶活力的影响

目的 研究2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英(TCDD)对小鼠脑组织中Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶活力的影响.方法 将48只雌雄各半的昆明种小鼠按性别随机分为高、中、低剂量TCDD染毒组和对照组,每组雌雄各6只,TCDD染毒剂量分别为100、10、1 μg/kg,用腹腔注射的方式一次染毒,48 h后,测定脑组织中Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-ArrP酶活力.结果 雌性低剂量、中剂量染毒组和雄性高剂量染毒组小鼠脑组织中Na+-K+-ATP酶活力[分别为(17.35±3.07)、(16.13±2.42)、(20.25±2.72)μmolPi·mg pro-1·h-1]明显升高,与对照组[分别为(13.60±1.72)、(15.97±1.90) μmol Pi·mg pro-1·h-1相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).各染毒组小鼠Ca2+-ATP酶活力有增加的趋势,但与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 TCDD急性染毒能提高小鼠脑组织中Na+-K+-ATP酶的活力,且存在性别差异.     

2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英急性染毒对小鼠脑组织中Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-ATP酶活力的影响

目的 研究2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英(TCDD)对小鼠脑组织中Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶活力的影响.方法 将48只雌雄各半的昆明种小鼠按性别随机分为高、中、低剂量TCDD染毒组和对照组,每组雌雄各6只,TCDD染毒剂量分别为100、10、1 μg/kg,用腹腔注射的方式一次染毒,48 h后,测定脑组织中Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-ArrP酶活力.结果 雌性低剂量、中剂量染毒组和雄性高剂量染毒组小鼠脑组织中Na+-K+-ATP酶活力[分别为(17.35±3.07)、(16.13±2.42)、(20.25±2.72)μmolPi·mg pro-1·h-1]明显升高,与对照组[分别为(13.60±1.72)、(15.97±1.90) μmol Pi·mg pro-1·h-1相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).各染毒组小鼠Ca2+-ATP酶活力有增加的趋势,但与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 TCDD急性染毒能提高小鼠脑组织中Na+-K+-ATP酶的活力,且存在性别差异.     

魔芋多糖对小鼠瘦素和Na~+-K~+-ATP酶水平的影响

目的探讨魔芋多糖对高脂饮食小鼠血清瘦素和小肠粘膜Na+-K+-ATP酶水平的影响。方法将实验动物分为正常对照组、高脂对照组和高、中、低剂量魔芋多糖与高脂联合处理组共5个组,连续喂饲20天,用ELISA法测定血清瘦素水平,分光光度法测定小肠粘膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性以及体重、体脂、血糖等指标。结果第10天高脂对照组的体重和餐后血糖为(31.3±2.11)g和(7.5±1.15)mmol/L,魔芋多糖高剂量组则为(28.0±2.06)g和(4.8±0.73)mmol/L。第20天高脂对照组的血清瘦素浓度和小肠粘膜Na+-K+与高脂联合处理-ATP酶活性为(1078.5±61.69)pg/ml和(16.2±1.48)μmolPi/(mg pro·h),魔芋多糖高剂量与高脂联合处理组则为(820.5±58.52)pg/ml和(11.2±1.10)μmolPi/(mgpro·h)。两组间各项指标差别均有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论魔芋多糖能够降低高脂饮食小鼠餐后血糖、血清瘦素水平和小肠粘膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性,抑制体重和体脂的增加。     

太极拳运动对中老年人红细胞膜Na+-K+ATP酶和Ca2+-Mg2+ATP酶活性的影响

目的：探讨太极拳运动对中老年人红细胞膜Na^ -K^ ATP酶和Ca^2 -Mg^2 ATP酶活性的影响。方法：选取64名练习太极拳的中老年人为观察组，另选47名很少参加体育锻炼者为对照组，采两组研究对象的静脉血，检测Na^ -K^ ATP酶和Ca^2 -Mg^2 ATP酶的活性。结果：观察组2种ATP酶活性均高于对照组（P＜0．01）；性别间差异无显著性（P＞0．05）；2种酶活性均与练拳时间呈正相关（P＜0．05）。结论：太极拳运动能提高中老年人红细胞膜Na^ -K^ ATP酶和Ca^2 -Mg^2 ATP酶活性，改善细胞代谢功能，练拳时间越长，效果越好，从而促进健康，延缓衰老。     

Effect of acute treatment with cadmium on ethanol anesthesia, body temperature, and synaptosomal Na+-K+-ATPase of rat brain

The effects of different pesticides, lindane, phosalone, and carbaryl, and of one polychlorinated biphenyl, pyralene, were studied on the development of reaginic antibody production and the formation of allergic gastric ulceration in Mastomys natalensis following prior sensitization and subsequent challenge with ovalbumin. The results indicate that lindane, phosalone, and pyralene have a pronounced suppressive effect on type 1 hypersensitivity reaction when ingested orally. These results give further cause for concern about the hazards to health which might result from continued indiscriminate use of such substances.