首灵健脑胶囊改善血管性痴呆患者脑功能的效果分析

目的:观察首灵健脑胶囊治疗血管性痴呆(vasculardementia,VD)的疗效。方法:采用国际诊断标准选择60例VD患者,按随机数字量表分为治疗组32例(采用首灵健脑胶囊),对照治疗组28例犤采用甲磺酸双氢麦角毒碱片(商品名喜得镇)犦观察两组的疗效及中医症候改善疗效,同时,测定两组患者治疗前后简明精神状态量表(MMSE)、长谷川痴呆量表(HDS)及中医症状各项积分和微量元素的含量,并比较它们的变化。结果:治疗组MMSE,HDS及中医症状总积分的增加值分别为(4.9±2.1),(2.5±0.3)及(5.8±4.3)分,均较对照组明显犤(3.4±1.9),(2.3±0.3)及(3.0±4.2)分犦,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05或0.01);而且治疗组MMSE量表的部分分项能力积分值的变化也比对照组明显,差异亦有显著性意义(P<0.05或0.01)。另外,治疗组微量元素锌的增加、镉等微量元素的减少也较对照组明显,差异有显著性意义(t=4.236～15.362,P<0.05或0.01);治疗组总有效率(56%,18/32)虽然比对照组(50%,14/24)高,但无统计学意义(χ2=0.23,P>0.05)。结论:首灵健脑胶囊治疗轻中度VD疗效肯定,能使患者微量元素的缺乏及代谢异常恢复平衡,改善脑功能、提高VD患者的学习记忆。     

加兰他敏对血管性痴呆患者记忆和生活质量的影响

目的:探讨加兰他敏对血管性痴呆(vasculardementia,VD)记忆和生活质量的临床疗效。方法:将60例符合VD诊断标准的患者分为治疗组和对照组,各30例,对照组用脑活素治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用氢溴酸加兰他敏3个疗程。两组患者治疗前及6个月后韦氏记忆量表(WMS)、长谷川痴呆量表(HDS)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)得分作为疗效评定。结果:治疗组患者治疗后WMS(44.36±14.44)分,HDS(17.73±7.52)分,ADL(24.67±8.29)分明显优于对照组(34.27±7.04),(13.46±7.02),(30.57±7.63)分(t=2.16～3.35,P<0.01),与治疗前积分差异亦有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论:加兰他敏治疗VD是有效、安全的,具有临床实用价值。     

自拟痴呆汤治疗轻中度血管性痴呆

目的探讨自拟痴呆汤治疗血管性痴呆(vasculardementia,VD)的疗效和脑CT的变化情况。方法将符合美国精神病学会DSM-IV诊断标准的血管性痴呆患者68例,按入院顺序分为观察组(38例)和对照组(30例),分别采用以自拟痴呆汤为主和吡硫醇(Pyritinol)(脑复新)治疗,疗程6个月。采用简明精神状态量表(MMSE)和日常生活活动(ADL)积分变化进行评估疗效,检测患者治疗前后血清雌二醇(E2)和睾酮(T)的水平变化,观察脑萎缩分度变化情况。结果观察组经治疗后血清E2和T水平均提高犤从治疗前的(100±30)pmol/L,(7±5)mmol/L升至治疗后的(160±30)pmol/L,(15±4)mmol/L,E2/T比值降低(由治疗前的20±17降至治疗后的13±4)(t=8.7128,7.701,2.470,P<0.01)。观察组MMSE和ADL治疗前后差值为4.7±2.5,5.2±2.5;对照组为2.3±2.5,2.7±2.9;观察组优于对照组(t=3.7485,3.8974,P<0.01);观察组治疗后脑萎缩恢复情况比对照组好,(t=20.10,3.2314,2.4936,2.0046,P<0.01)。结论中西医结合治疗血管性痴呆,能提高血清E2和T水平,降低E2/T比值,调节神经内分泌,使脑萎缩在形态学上有恢复正常的趋势。     

首灵健脑胶囊改善血管性痴呆患者脑功能的效果分析

目的：观察首灵健脑胶囊治疗血管性痴呆(vascular dementia)的疗效。方法：采用国际诊断标准选择60例VD患者，按随机数字量表分为治疗组32例(采用首灵健脑胶囊)，对照治疗组28例[采用甲磺酸双氢麦角毒碱片(商品名喜得镇)]观察两组的疗效及中医症候改善疗效，同时，测定两组患者治疗前后简明精神状态量表(MMSE)、长谷川痴呆量表(HDS)及中医症状各项积分和微量元素的含量，并比较它们的变化。结果：治疗组MMSE，HDS及中医症状总积分的增加值分别为(4.9&;#177;2.1)，(2．5&;#177;0．3)及(5．8&;#177;4．3)分，均较对照组明显[(3．4&;#177;1．9)，(2．3&;#177;0．3)及(3．0&;#177;4．2)分]，差异有显著性意义(P&;lt;0．05或0．01)；而且治疗组MMSE量表的部分分项能力积分值的变化也比对照组明显，差异亦有显著性意义(P&;lt;0．05或0．01)。另外，治疗组微量元素锌的增加、镉等微量元素的减少也较对照组明显，差异有显著性意义(t=4．236～15．362，P&;lt;0．05或0．01)；治疗组总有效率(56％，18／32)虽然比对照组(50％，14／24)高，但无统计学意义(r=0．23，P&;gt;0．05)。结论：首灵健脑胶囊治疗轻中度VD疗效肯定，能使患者微量元素的缺乏及代谢异常恢复平衡，改善脑功能、提高VD患者的学习记忆。     

高压氧治疗血管性痴呆患者的疗效观察

探讨血管性痴呆患者的康复治疗方法及其疗效。将80例血管性痴呆患者随机分为治疗组(n=42)和对照组(n=38)，均接受常规神经内科药物治疗，治疗组同时接受高压氧治疗；采用长谷川痴呆量表(HDS)和临床记忆量表(MQ)评分进行功能评定。治疗组HDS、MQ与对照组相比差异均有非常显著性意义(P&;lt;0．01)。高压氧治疗能有效提高血管性痴呆患者的疗效。     

脑活素改善血管性痴呆患者智能状况的临床研究

目的:探索脑活素对血管性痴呆患者智能状况的改善效果。方法:将29例符合血管性痴呆标准的患者分为对照组和治疗组。对照组用血塞通0.4g,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用脑活素20mL,10d为1个疗程,3年共6个疗程,其后分别采用中文版简易智能状态检查(MMSE)量表进行积分,用中国人修订韦氏成人量表(WAIS-RC)进行智力测验比较。结果:根据WAIS-RC测验结果,两组3年后知识(11.32±1.76比9.23±1.78)、领悟(13.19±1.85比11.24±2.12)、算术(10.18±1.32比8.63±1.25)、相似(9.46±0.68比7.56±0.98)、数字广度(10.12±0.69比8.68±0.97)、词汇(31.25±0.78比27.32±1.02)、数字符号(31.35±1.20比25.35±0.78)、填图(9.78±0.98比7.45±0.65)、图片排列(19.16±0.74比15.23±1.52)等项目比较,治疗组积分明显高于对照组(t=1.96～5.21,P<0.05或0.01)。治疗组治疗前后上述项目自身对照积分亦有显著提高(t=1.96～5.21,P<0.05或0.01)。结论:脑活素能有效抑制神经细胞的凋亡,减少脑功能的受累,治疗血管性痴呆,对老年群体的康复有一定的治疗作用。     

高压氧治疗血管性痴呆患者的疗效观察

探讨血管性痴呆患者的康复治疗方法及其疗效。将80例血管性痴呆患者随机分为治疗组(n=42)和对照组(n=38),均接受常规神经内科药物治疗,治疗组同时接受高压氧治疗;采用长谷川痴呆量表(HDS)和临床记忆量表(MQ)评分进行功能评定。治疗组HDS、MQ与对照组相比差异均有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。高压氧治疗能有效提高血管性痴呆患者的疗效。     

事件相关电位量化评估银杏提取物注射液对血管性痴呆患者的治疗效应

目的:应用银杏提取物(ginkgobilobaextract,EGb)治疗血管性痴呆(vasculardementia,VD),并在治疗前后通过与认知功能相关的事件相关电位(event-relatedpotentials,ERP)及简易智能状态评定量表(MMSE)测定EGb改善VD患者认知功能的疗效。方法:2000-03/2004-09福建省老年医院神经内科住院血管性痴呆患者63例,随机分为治疗组43例,对照组20例。治疗组银杏提取物注射液30mL加入50g/L葡萄糖液250mL静脉滴注,对照组丹参注射液250mL静脉滴注,1次/d,14d为1个疗程,共2个疗程。治疗前后MMSE及事件相关电位测定。结果:治疗组治疗前后MMSE评分[小学患者:治疗前(17.56±1.89)分,治疗后(19.43±2.1)分,中学患者:治疗前(21.03±1.15)分,治疗后(21.93±2.95)分]差异有显著性意义(t=2.653,2.8443,P<0.05),治疗组治疗前后ERP靶N1,P2潜伏期差异无显著性意义,治疗组治疗前后N2潜伏期[治疗前(275.24±49.08)ms,治疗后(252.39±26.24)ms]有显著性意义(t=2.6927,P<0.05),P3潜伏期[治疗前(402.91±22.48)ms,治疗后(385.06±14.40)ms]及P3波幅[治疗前(3.58±1.41)μV,治疗后(4.53±1.26)μV]有非常显著性意义(t=3.4525,2.9466,P<0.01)。治疗组与对照组治疗后MMSE评分比较差异无显著性意义,治疗组与对照组治疗后ERP靶N1,P2差异无显著性     

血管性痴呆患者事件相关电位 P300改变与认知功能障碍的关系

目的评价事件相关电位 P300作为血管性痴呆患者认知功能障碍客观指征的临床价值. 方法对 30例缺血性血管性痴呆患者、 30例无痴呆的脑梗死患者和 30例正常对照者,采用电生理技术检测事件相关电位 P300,应用简明精神状态量表( MMSE)、痴呆简易筛查量表( BSSD)和瑞文标准智力测验( RSPM)评价认知功能 , 采用 MRI技术测定脑叶和海马体积. 结果①血管性痴呆组 P300峰潜伏时( 435.57± 89.95) ms较脑梗死组( 367.77± 29.14) ms和正常对照组( 341.90± 29.27) ms明显延长( F=5.16, P< 0.01).②血管性痴呆患者 P300峰潜伏时与 MMSE, BSSD评分呈负相关( r=- 0.87,- 0.89, t=6.89,7.05, P< 0.01).③血管性痴呆组额叶和颞叶体积 [(15.19± 1.51)%, (4.57± 0.51)% ]比正常对照组 [(16.72± 1.46)%, (4.92± 0.50)% ]显著较小( T=2.85, P< 0.01; T=2.21,P< 0.05).④ 血管性痴呆患者 P300峰潜伏时与额叶和颞叶体积呈负相关( r=- 0.56,- 0.62, t=5.53,6.65, P< 0.01). 结论血管性痴呆患者 P300峰潜伏时的延长反映与认知功能相关脑区的病理改变,客观反映认知功能障碍程度.     

高压氧与脑复康联合治疗血管性痴呆

血管性痴呆患者 6 2例 ,男 4 6例 ,女 16例 ;年龄 5 0～72岁 ,平均 6 4岁 ;均符合国际疾病分类ＩＣＤ— 10中血管性痴呆的诊断研究标准ＤＣＲ— 10 (1993年 ) ,修订的长谷川简易痴呆量表 (ＨＤＳ)评分均 <15分 ,Ｈａｃｈｉｎｓｋｉ缺血性量表均 >7分 ,其中血管性痴呆分型为急进型 15例 ,多发性梗死型 36例 ,皮质下和皮质下混合型 11例。 6 2例患者随机分成治疗组和对照组各 31例。对照组采用常规用药及口服阿司匹林 75ｍｇ/ｄ ,复方丹参 2 0ｍｌ/ｄ静脉滴注 ;治疗组在上述基础上加用高压氧 2 .0ＡＴＡ ,进舱加压 30ｍｉｎ ,稳压面罩吸氧 30…     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.