替加氟片及优福啶片的溶出度考察

目的:考察替加氟片和优福啶片的溶出度 ,评价其内在质量。 方法 :采用反相高效液相色谱法测定含量。色谱柱 :YWG- C1 8(10μm ,4.6mm× 2 5 0 mm ) ;流动相 :甲醇∶水 (2 5∶ 75 ) ;检测波长 2 5 4nm ;流速 0 .8ml/min;进样量 2 0μl。以水为溶出介质 ,采用转篮法 ,对 2个厂家 6个批号的替加氟片及优福啶片进行溶出度比较 ,提取溶出参数。结果 :济南厂替加氟片 2 0 min溶出 85 %以上 ,上海厂替加氟片 10 min溶出 85 %以上 ;优福啶片中的替加氟组份 5 min溶出 80 %以上 ,尿嘧啶组份 7min溶出 80 %以上。结论:2个厂家 6个批号的产品均符合中国药典 1995年版溶出质量标准规定     

醋酸泼尼松片的溶出度比较

目的　比较不同厂家生产的醋酸泼尼松片的溶出度。方法　采用桨法进行体外溶出度试验 ,用紫外分光光度法检测溶出液中药物的浓度 ,计算累积释放量 ,以威布尔分布函数拟合溶出参数。结果　 7个厂家的醋酸泼尼松片在 4 5min时累积溶出量均 >70 % ,符合药典规定。但有 2个厂家的片剂含量不符合药典规定。结论　不同厂家的醋酸泼尼松片的溶出度均符合药典规定     

尼莫地平片体外溶出度对比研究

目的：以合资企业制剂为对照,对不同厂家生产的尼莫地平片剂进行溶出度对比研究,评价不同厂家制剂质量水平.方法：随机取厂家A、B、C及对照厂家,对照厂家以尼莫同为对照,A厂为尼莫地平片1,B厂为片2,C厂为片3.以紫外分光光度法测定尼莫地平的浓度,按照《中国药典》2005版二部附录XC第二法规定,考察不同片剂在以醋酸盐缓冲液（pH 4.5）（含0.3%十二烷基硫酸钠）中的溶出度.结果：对照制剂与3种试验制剂的溶出度均符合药典的规定,但其药物的溶出过程却有比较大的差异,其中C厂生产的片剂体外溶出过程与对照制剂相似,而A厂与B厂制剂的溶出速度明显快于对照制剂.结论：不同厂家生产的片剂的质量水平存在明显的差异,临床使用时应引起足够的重视.     

罗格列酮片溶出度分析

目的:分析罗格列酮片的溶出度,为临床合理有效用药提供依据。方法:选取3个厂家罗格列酮片,以0.9%盐酸溶液为溶出介质,采用紫外分光光度法测定溶出度,计算不同时间的累计溶出量。根据威布尔(Weibull)分布模型计算体外溶出参数Td、m,并对各厂罗格列酮片溶出参数(Td、m)进行方差分析。结果:3个厂家的罗格列酮片20min溶出均>80%,符合药典标准,但溶出参数差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:3厂家的罗格列酮片均符合质量标准,但不同厂家产品质量之间有差异。     

曲克芦丁片溶出度测定方法的研究

目的考察不同厂家曲克芦丁片的体外溶出度,建立曲克芦丁片的溶出度测定方法。方法依照《中国药典》2010年版二部溶出度测定第二法,通过对溶出介质、转速和取样时间的选择,确定曲克芦丁片的溶出度测定方法;采用反相高效液相色谱法测定曲克芦丁的含量,色谱柱为Kromasil-C18柱,流动相为NaH2PO4溶液(pH 4.4)-乙腈(体积比80∶20),检测波长为254 nm,流速为0.5 mL/min,并对方法的线性相关性、回收率、稳定性进行了考察。结果溶出度测定方法确定为:采用桨法,以900 mL水为溶出介质,转速为75 r/min,取样时间为45 min,限度不得低于标示量的80%。结论建立了适用可行的曲克芦丁片的溶出度测定方法,可用来评价和提高产品质量。     

不同厂家生产的尼莫地平溶出度评价

目的：探讨不同厂家生产的尼莫地平固体制剂溶出度质量差异。方法：采用桨法，以15％乙醇为溶出介质，测定尼莫地平不同时间的溶出量。结果：各药厂产品的体外溶出百分率与时间关系均符合威布尔分布函数方程，尼莫地平片溶出均符合部颁标准规定的溶出限度。结论：国内的尼莫地平生产厂家还需进一步提高生产工艺。     

国内不同药厂生产的卡马西平片溶出速率研究

目的 :为了解药品片剂释放药量的情况 ,本文对国内 6家药厂生产的卡马西平片 (0 .1g× 10 0 )进行了溶出速率研究。方法 :测定方法参照《中国药典》2 0 0 0年版二部溶出度第二测定方法进行。结果 :6家药厂生产的卡马西平片 (0 .1g× 10 0 )的溶出速率相差较大 ,有的在 30min内即全部达到其溶出度规定 ,而有的要到 6 0min才能达到溶出度规定 ;并且 ,即使同一药厂生产的卡马西平片 ,其 6片在 2 0min内的溶出速率也相差较大。结论 :国内 6家药厂生产的卡马西片 (0 .1g× 10 0 )的溶出速率相差较大。     

维脑路通片体外溶出度考察

目的 :对国内四个厂家生产的 6批维脑路通片进行体外溶出测定。方法 :紫外分光光度法。结果 :不同厂家的样品 ,溶出参数 (Td)有极显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :有必要对维脑路通片进行溶出度检查 ,以控制质量     

不同厂家三黄片中黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱的溶出度

目的建立三黄片中黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱溶出度测定方法并考察市售不同厂家的三黄片中黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱的溶出度情况。方法采用高效液相色谱法进行含量测定,色谱条件为色谱柱：Grace C18柱（250mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,流动相：甲醇-乙腈-0.025 mol/L磷酸液（用三乙胺调pH=3.0±0.1）=25∶20∶55;柱温为30℃;检测波长为265 nm;流速0.8 ml/min。筛选出溶出度测定条件,计算并分别绘制黄芩苷与盐酸小檗碱的累积溶出曲线,且对各曲线进行相似因子的比较及溶出模型拟合。结果溶出度测定条件为：采用桨法,转速100 r/min,以0.1 mol/L盐酸溶液加0.5%十二烷基硫酸钠为溶出介质。测定结果显示,不同厂家三黄片中黄芩苷和盐酸小檗碱的溶出曲线相似因子f2值大多小于50,且两成分的体外溶出模型拟合不统一。结论不同厂家的三黄片中黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱的溶出度存在显著性差异,这可能是由于各厂家生产工艺不尽相同所致。中成药的质量控制应增加主要成分的溶出度检测,应探寻适宜的溶出模型以检测中药的溶出度。     

国产与进口盐酸氨溴索片溶出度的HPLC法测定及Weibull分析

目的 :评价国产与进口盐酸氨溴索片的溶出特性。 方法 :选择 0 .1mol/ L HCl为溶出介质 ,采用高效液相色谱法检测 ,色谱柱 :Hypersil C1 8(10μm ,15 0 m m× 4 .6 mm ) ;流动相 :甲醇 -水 -四氢呋喃 -三乙胺 (71∶ 2 9∶ 2 .5∶ 0 .2 5 ) ;波长 :2 4 2 nm。利用 Excel电子表格软件分别计算两种片剂的 Weibull分布参数。 结果 :2种盐酸氨溴索片溶出迅速稳定 ,8m in内平均累计溶出 85 %以上。溶出过程均符合 Weibull分布模型 ,溶出参数 m有统计学差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :两种盐酸氨溴索片的体外溶出度均符合片剂的基本要求 ,但进口片较国产片溶出更为迅速     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.